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	<title>Berkeley Pit Archives - Wild With Nature</title>
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		<title>El Lago Helena y sus patos increíbles</title>
		<link>https://wildwithnature.com/2022/10/27/lago-helena-patos/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=lago-helena-patos</link>
					<comments>https://wildwithnature.com/2022/10/27/lago-helena-patos/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Shane Sater]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 27 Oct 2022 23:10:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Agua]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Aves]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Historias en español]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Anser caerulescens]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Anthus rubescens]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Aythya americana]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Aythya valisineria]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Berkeley Pit]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[bird surveys]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Branta canadensis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Circus hudsonius]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[common carp]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Cyprinus carpio]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ducks]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Fulica americana]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Haliaeetus leucocephalus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Lake Helena]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mareca americana]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mareca strepera]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[migration]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Oxyurus jamaicensis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Salix exigua]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[sandbar willow]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[waterfowl]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://wildwithnature.com/?p=3153</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>4 de octubre de 2022 “Este lugar es como una fábrica de patos frisos,” dice Mark Mariano. Hoy me he reunido con Mark, un ecólogo [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2022/10/27/lago-helena-patos/">El Lago Helena y sus patos increíbles</a> appeared first on <a href="https://wildwithnature.com">Wild With Nature</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<figure class="wp-block-image size-full is-resized"><a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2022/10/27/lake-helena-ducks/"><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" width="734" height="188" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-es-2.jpg" alt="Podcast bilingüe de la naturaleza" class="wp-image-3489" style="width:auto;height:100px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-es-2.jpg 734w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-es-2-300x77.jpg 300w" sizes="(max-width: 734px) 100vw, 734px" /></a></figure>



<p><iframe src="https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/shane-sater/embed/episodes/El-Lago-Helena-y-sus-patos-increbles-e2boma7/a-aajfug6" height="102px" width="400px" frameborder="0" scrolling="no"></iframe></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color"><strong>4 de octubre de 2022</strong></p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="858" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/PXL_20221004_170034425-1024x858.jpg" alt="Mark Mariano counting ducks on the western bay of Lake Helena." class="wp-image-1329" style="width:515px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/PXL_20221004_170034425-1024x858.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/PXL_20221004_170034425-300x251.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/PXL_20221004_170034425-768x643.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/PXL_20221004_170034425.jpg 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Mark Mariano cuenta los patos en la bahía occidental del Lago Helena.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color">“Este lugar es como una fábrica de patos frisos,” dice Mark Mariano. Hoy me he reunido con Mark, un ecólogo basado en la ciudad de Butte que trabaja para <a href="https://www.rampart-solutions.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Rampart Solutions</a> y es cofundador de la nueva organización sin fines de lucro <a href="https://www.mtwetlandsandwaterfowl.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Montana Wetlands and Waterfowl</a>, para contar patos en <a href="https://ebird.org/hotspot/L158589" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">el Lago Helena</a>, en el parte oeste central de Montana, EE.UU. Aquí, pocas millas lejos de la capital de Montana, números impresionantes de aves acuáticas hacen escala en este lago poco profundo, y en los humedales extensos que lo rodean, durante la migración otoñal. Y desde 2020, Mark viene acá una vez cada semana durante el otoño, contando los patos y observando esta etapa en su migración. </p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color">El trabajo de Mark aquí se vincula a una colaboración robusta entre biólogos y la industria. La colaboración se centra en el enorme hoyo tóxico de Butte, el Berkeley Pit, y un esfuerzo bastante exitoso para evitar las muertes de aves acuáticas ahí. Los conteos de Mark en el Lago Helena son parte de un proyecto regional de monitoreo de aves. La meta es mantenerle bien informado al equipo del Berkeley Pit sobre la migración otoñal de aves acuáticas. El equipo, sabiendo cuáles aves probablemente van a llegar, está <a href="https://pitwatch.org/waterfowl-protection/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">preparado para ahuyentarlas</a> desde las aguas nocivas del Berkeley Pit.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color">Desde hace dos años que Mark hace conteos semanales de la migración otoñal de patos en el Lago Helena. Todos estos conteos le han dado una riqueza de conocimiento local sobre las aves acuáticas y sus movimientos a través de las estaciones. Hoy, tengo la oportunidad de aprender de Mark sobre nuestros patos locales. ¿Qué significa el Lago Helena para las aves acuáticas? </p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Los patos frisos en el Lago Helena</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="769" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/gadw-1024x769.jpg" alt="Gadwall male." class="wp-image-1331" style="width:515px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/gadw-1024x769.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/gadw-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/gadw-768x577.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/gadw.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Un pato friso macho.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color">Mark sigue contándome de los patos frisos (<em>Mareca strepera</em>) mientras revisa la bahía occidental del lago con su telescopio. Los patos frisos—patos sutiles vestidos en carboncillo, negro y marrón claro que tienen una semejanza a los bien conocidos patos de collar (<em>Anas platyrhynchos</em>)—vienen al Lago Helena en la primavera. Se aparean y las hembras ponen huevos. Sus nidos tienen la forma de un cuenco en el suelo y se ubican entre vegetación densa cerca del agua. Los machos se van pronto, formando grupos de solteros que pasan el verano en otra parte. Al llegar al comienzo de agosto, los patitos se han emplumado. Cientos de estos jóvenes se unen a las bandadas en el lago. </p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color">Ahora, los machos han regresado al Lago Helena, también. Podemos esperar que habrá patos frisos aquí por el resto del otoño, hasta que el lago se congele.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Las gallaretas americanas y sus compañeros</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="769" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/amco-1024x769.jpg" alt="American coot feeding on aquatic vegetation." class="wp-image-1332" style="width:515px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/amco-1024x769.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/amco-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/amco-768x577.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/amco.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Una gallareta americana se alimenta de vegetación acuática.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color">Las gallaretas americanas (<em>Fulica americana</em>) son las aves acuáticas más abundantes hoy. Sólo en la parte oeste del lago, contamos 1.900 de ellas, una gran agrupación de aves de color gris tormentoso. Unos patos frisos y patos chalcuán (<em>Mareca americana</em>) se mezclan con la agrupación. Las gallaretas, con sus llamativos picos blancos, tienen cierta semejanza a los patos. Pero realmente son rálidos (de la familia Rallidae), no patos. Sin embargo, como varios patos que forrajean en la superficie—por ejemplo los patos frisos y chalcuán—las gallaretas se alimentan bastante de vegetación acuática. </p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="696" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/amwi-1024x696.jpg" alt="American wigeon feeding." class="wp-image-1333" style="width:515px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/amwi-1024x696.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/amwi-300x204.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/amwi-768x522.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/amwi.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Un pato chalcuán forrajea.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color">“Son muy importantes para los patos porque bucean,” Mark me dice. Los patos frisos y chalcuán sólo forrajean cerca de la superficie del agua. Incapaces de bucear, estos patos sumergen la cabeza, apuntando la cola hacia el cielo, para alimentarse de plantas en los bajos del lago. Pero Mark me cuenta que es muy común ver los patos chalcuán y frisos mezclando con bandadas de gallaretas americanas. Ahí, esperan hasta que las gallaretas, con su capacidad de bucear profundamente, vuelven a la superficie. Entonces intentan robarles el alimento.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color">Hace dos semanas que Mark contó unos abrumadores <strong>17.000</strong> gallaretas americanas aquí. Esta magnitud de cambio en un par de semanas—desde 17.000 hasta sólo unos pocos miles—nos deja claro que las gallaretas están migrando ahora. Se detienen para forrajear en el Lago Helena, y entonces siguen migrando hacia el sur.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">El Lago Helena por bote</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="803" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/PXL_20221004_181137721-1024x803.jpg" alt="Counting ducks from the boat." class="wp-image-1339" style="width:515px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/PXL_20221004_181137721-1024x803.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/PXL_20221004_181137721-300x235.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/PXL_20221004_181137721-768x602.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/PXL_20221004_181137721.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Mark Mariano cuenta patos desde el bote.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color">Ahora Mark ha acabado de contar las aves acuáticas en esta bahía occidental del lago. Es hora de empezar la segunda fase del conteo. Vamos a botar su bote y navegar alrededor del lago entero en un círculo, tratando de hacer un conteo completo de todos los patos que no hemos podido ver desde la orilla. </p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color">Tan pronto como zarpamos, empezamos a hacer un círculo en sentido horario por el lago. “Contando desde el bote es tan efectivo y fácil,” Mark me dice. Por revisar el lago entero y observar los humedales a los lados, logra obtener un conteo mucho más completo de las aves acuáticas que lo que obtendría si sólo observara desde la orilla.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color">Inicialmente, Mark hacía conteos primaverales también. Y sus observaciones primaverales revelaron algo interesante. Aprendió que algunas bandadas bastante grandes de gansos blancos (<em>Anser caerulescens</em>) hacían escala en los estanques inaccesibles al lado sur del lago. Era como “un pequeño Lago Freezout,” me dijo—haciendo referencia a ese lago famoso de Montana donde <a href="https://www.visitmt.com/listings/general/lake/freezeout-lake" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">cientos de miles de gansos blancos hacen escala</a> durante la primavera. Y dado que estos estanques al lado sur del Lago Helena son casi imposibles de acceder sin bote, los pajareros locales generalmente no eran conscientes de este “pequeño Freezout” hasta que Mark empezó sus conteos. </p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/sngo-1024x768.jpg" alt="Snow geese over Lake Helena, part of a flock of 5000 that stopped here in April 2018." class="wp-image-1337" style="object-fit:cover" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/sngo-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/sngo-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/sngo-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/sngo.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Los gansos blancos sobre el Lago Helena, una parte de una bandada de 5.000 que hizo escala aquí en abril de 2018.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Bisbitas, gavilanes rastreros y patos buceadores</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/DSCN0904-1024x768.jpg" alt="The shallows along the southeast edge of Lake Helena." class="wp-image-1340" style="width:515px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/DSCN0904-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/DSCN0904-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/DSCN0904-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/DSCN0904.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Las aguas poco profundas del lado sureste del Lago Helena.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color">Hoy, no encontramos ningunos gansos blancos. Anticipamos que vayan a empezar a verse aquí tarde en octubre o temprano en noviembre, cuando las primeras tormentas invernales empiecen a alcanzar las áreas en Alberta, Canadá donde la mayoría se concentran antes de volar hacia el sur. </p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color">Hoy el lado sureste del Lago Helena está callado. De vez en cuando podemos escuchar el llamado—“<em>chip”</em> —de un chipe rabadilla amarilla (<em>Setophaga coronata</em>) desde los sauces (<em>Salix exigua</em>) de color anaranjado ardiente. Bandadas pequeñas de bisbitas americanas (<em>Anthus rubescens</em>) se echan a volar desde la orilla con sus vocalizaciones eléctricas “<em>sip-it”</em>. El agua burbujea suavemente bajo la proa del bote.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="719" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/DSCN0966-1024x719.jpg" alt="A group of redheads on the lake." class="wp-image-1341" style="width:515px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/DSCN0966-1024x719.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/DSCN0966-300x211.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/DSCN0966-768x540.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/DSCN0966.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Una bandada de patos cabeza roja en el lago.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color">Unos gavilanes rastreros (<em>Circus hudsonius</em>) están dando vueltas sobre los humedales al sur de nosotros. Avistamos una agrupación grande de patos en medio del lago. Están congregados cerca de un límite visible donde el agua suave de la mañana está cediendo a una superficie de olas agitadas por el viento. Mark mantiene su ojo pegado al telescopio. Controla el rumbo del bote con un pequeño motor de pesca, así cambiando la perspectiva del telescopio para examinar toda la agrupación. Los patos en medio del lago son mayoritariamente especies de patos buceadores. Vemos patos cabeza roja (<em>Aythya americana</em>), patos pico anillado (<em>Aythya collaris</em>) y patos tepalcate (<em>Oxyura jamaicensis</em>). </p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color">De repente veo un águila cabeza blanca (<em>Haliaeetus leucocephalus</em>) planeando lánguidamente al oeste sobre el lago. Mark se apresura a contar los patos mientras el depredador se acerca. Pronto, como anticipábamos, los patos saltan del agua y vuelan. Bandada tras bandada huyen hacia el oeste como si fueran un solo animal, impulsado por la fuerza repelente del vuelo del depredador. El águila sigue adelante y desaparece en la distancia. Los patos aterrizan en nuevas posiciones. Pero ahora podemos ver muchos más patos cabeza roja que antes. </p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">El Lago Helena y sus humedales</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/redh-1024x768.jpg" alt="Redhead male." class="wp-image-1334" style="width:515px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/redh-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/redh-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/redh-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/redh.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Un pato cabeza roja macho.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color">“Están apareciendo de la nada—aún siguen llegando,” exclama Mark.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color">Las bandadas de patos cabeza roja empezaron a verse aquí hace dos semanas, cuando el lago estaba lleno de gallaretas americanas como sardina en lata. Con todos los patos cabeza roja que estamos viendo hoy, Mark está sorprendido que no hayamos visto ningunos patos coacoxtle (<em>Aythya valisineria</em>). Estos grandes patos buceadores a menudo se mezclan con las agrupaciones de patos cabeza roja aquí. Pero puede ser todavía un poco temprano en el otoño para su llegada.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="769" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/canv-1024x769.jpg" alt="Canvasback male." class="wp-image-1335" style="width:515px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/canv-1024x769.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/canv-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/canv-768x577.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/canv.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Un pato coacoxtle macho (nota la frente recta, comparada con la frente más curvada del pato cabeza roja).</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color">Revisamos las balsas al lado sur del lago, que están rodeadas por humedales extensos y bonitos de espadañas y juncos. </p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color">“Más patos frisos—¡sorpresa!” dice Mark. Aquí también vemos nuestros primeros patos de collar del día. Grupos pequeños de ellos están volando de estas aguas protegidas, pasando oblicuamente sobre nosotros.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color">Al sur, en la distancia, podemos ver una nube masiva compuesta de gaviotas que están dando vueltas. Es un enjambre de manchitas lejanas sobre el valle, apenas visibles sin binoculares. Presuntamente están forrajeando, habiendo encontrado una concentración de insectos o arañas voladores. En el lago mismo, más de cien gaviotas de Franklin (<em>Leucophaeus pipixcan</em>) están activas. Se mecen en la superficie y luego se van volando, aleteando hacia el este sobre nosotros en hilos desordenados.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="783" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/DSCN1001-1024x783.jpg" alt="Franklin's gulls over Lake Helena." class="wp-image-1336" style="width:900px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/DSCN1001-1024x783.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/DSCN1001-300x230.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/DSCN1001-768x588.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/DSCN1001.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Gaviotas de Franklin vuelan sobre el Lago Helena.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Cerrando el círculo</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="798" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/DSCN1008-1024x798.jpg" alt="Franklin's gulls, an American white pelican, and American coots near the western edge of Lake Helena." class="wp-image-1342" style="width:515px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/DSCN1008-1024x798.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/DSCN1008-300x234.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/DSCN1008-768x599.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/DSCN1008.jpg 1500w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Unos gaviotas de Franklin, un pelícano blanco americano y varias gallaretas americanas cerca del lado oeste del Lago Helena.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color">Ya acabamos de pasar por la bahía occidental, donde esta mañana contamos las gallaretas americanas y patos frisos desde la orilla. Nuestro círculo alrededor del lago está llegando a su fin. En una pastura al norte, vemos unos grupos pequeños de gansos canadienses mayores (<em>Branta canadensis</em>). Los revisamos cuidadosamente, buscando cualquier cosa diferente. Durante las semanas recientes, Mark ha visto un inesperadamente temprano ganso blanco con los gansos canadienses. Fue una sorpresa, un ganso blanco bien adelantado a la migración general de la especie. Pero hoy sólo logramos ver gansos canadienses: parece que el ganso blanco ya ha continuado hacia adelante. </p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color">Mark navega de vuelta al punto donde botamos el bote. Otro conteo de los patos del Lago Helena se ha cumplido. Hoy hemos conocido una gota en el río otoñal que es la migración de las aves acuáticas. Realmente es más que un río: es una marea que se desliza por el continente entero, inexorablemente hacia el sur, millones de patos y gallaretas que están evacuando los humedales boreales ante el acercamiento del invierno. El Lago Helena es un trozo de este vasto rompecabezas ecológico. Y ya que Mark visita el lago cada semana a través de la migración otoñal, el conteo de hoy tiene el contexto de la entera historia estacional.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Problemas con carpas</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="806" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/DSCN0991-1024x806.jpg" alt="Franklin's gulls over Lake Helena's shallow, carp-churned waters." class="wp-image-1343" style="width:515px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/DSCN0991-1024x806.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/DSCN0991-300x236.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/DSCN0991-768x604.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/DSCN0991.jpg 1500w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Gaviotas de Franklin sobre las aguas someras del Lago Helena donde las carpas forrajean.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color">El Lago Helena no es perfecto en términos del hábitat para los patos. Masivas <a href="https://fieldguide.mt.gov/speciesDetail.aspx?elcode=AFCJB08010" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">carpas comunes europeas</a> (<em>Cyprinus carpio</em>)—una especie invasora de pez—pasan el verano aquí en números grandes, agitando barro mientras buscan alimento en el fondo poco profundo del lago. Mark explica que esta acción previene que las plantas acuáticas crezcan, así reduciendo el alimento que está disponible para los patos y las gallaretas. Las carpas también contribuyen, indirectamente, a las floraciones de algas. Por remover plantas acuáticas, las carpas previenen que estas plantas absorban el influjo de nutrientes que el lago recibe desde el Valle de Helena. En vez de plantas acuáticas, alfombras de algas crecen en respuesta al exceso de nutrientes. </p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color">Mark conoce una solución para el problema de las carpas en el Lago Helena. El lago, me dice, es bastante somero. Durante el invierno, las carpas regresan a las aguas profundas del Lago Hauser, aguas abajo, para sobrevivir el tiempo frío. Según Mark, si se instalara una puerta en el dique que represa las aguas del Lago Helena que sólo permitiera que los peces hasta un cierto tamaño pasaran, excluiría la mayoría de las carpas masivas del Lago Helena. Mientras tanto, todos los peces más pequeños todavía podrían moverse libremente. Esta estrategia se ha implementado con éxito en el Delta Marsh del sur de Manitoba, Canadá. Allá, excluir las carpas ha <a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2022.992690/full" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">mejorado la calidad del agua y aumentado la cobertura de plantas acuáticas</a>.&nbsp;</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color">Así parece que, por el problema de las carpas del Lago Helena, una solución es posible. Lo que queda por hacer es transformar el concepto en realidad. Pero mientras tanto, a pesar de las carpas, el Lago Helena y sus humedales circundantes son un tesoro biológico dentro del Valle de Helena.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Helena, el valle de los patos</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="819" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/DSCN0911-1024x819.jpg" alt="The extensive marshes south of Lake Helena." class="wp-image-1344" style="width:515px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/DSCN0911-1024x819.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/DSCN0911-300x240.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/DSCN0911-768x614.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/DSCN0911.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Los humedales extensos al sur del Lago Helena.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color">“Helena es muy un valle de patos,” Mark me dice. En efecto, entre el Lago Helena y el <a href="https://ebird.org/hotspot/L158588?yr=all&amp;m=&amp;rank=mrec" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Embalse Regulador de Helena</a>, pajareros han registrado un total impresionante de <strong>33 especies</strong> de patos, gansos y cisnes en el Valle de Helena. </p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color">¿Por qué tanta diversidad?&nbsp;</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color">Se debe al Lago Helena y lugares como esto. Gracias a estos humedales, balsas y aguas abiertas, podemos ver decenas de miles de gallaretas americanas haciendo escala aquí en el otoño. Podemos ver patos frisos y chalcuán tratando de robarles el alimento. Y durante la primavera, podemos buscar grandes bandadas de gansos blancos mientras este lugar se transforme en un “pequeño Lago Freezout.”&nbsp;</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color">Espero que siempre habrá humedales como estos en el Valle de Helena. Y si logramos excluir las carpas, ¿cuántos patos más podríamos mantener aquí?</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color"><em>La traducción de esta historia al español (cumplida en noviembre de 2023) se debe al apoyo generoso de Lynda Saul. ¡Muchísimas gracias, Lynda, por creer en este proyecto y en la importancia de contar historias bilingües!</em></p>
<p>The post <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2022/10/27/lago-helena-patos/">El Lago Helena y sus patos increíbles</a> appeared first on <a href="https://wildwithnature.com">Wild With Nature</a>.</p>
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		<title>Lake Helena and its amazing ducks</title>
		<link>https://wildwithnature.com/2022/10/27/lake-helena-ducks/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=lake-helena-ducks</link>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Shane Sater]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 27 Oct 2022 19:49:29 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Birds]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[English-language stories]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Water]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Anser caerulescens]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Anthus rubescens]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Aythya americana]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Aythya valisineria]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Berkeley Pit]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[bird surveys]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Branta canadensis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Circus hudsonius]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[common carp]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Cyprinus carpio]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ducks]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Fulica americana]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Haliaeetus leucocephalus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Lake Helena]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mareca americana]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mareca strepera]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[migration]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Oxyurus jamaicensis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Salix exigua]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[sandbar willow]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Setophaga coronata]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[waterfowl]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://wildwithnature.com/?p=1322</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>October 4, 2022 “This place is like a gadwall factory,” says Mark Mariano. Today I&#8217;ve joined Mark, a Butte-based ecologist who works for Rampart Solutions [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2022/10/27/lake-helena-ducks/">Lake Helena and its amazing ducks</a> appeared first on <a href="https://wildwithnature.com">Wild With Nature</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<figure class="wp-block-image size-full is-resized"><a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2022/10/27/lago-helena-patos/"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="706" height="181" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-en-2.jpg" alt="Bilingual nature podcast" class="wp-image-3486" style="width:auto;height:100px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-en-2.jpg 706w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-en-2-300x77.jpg 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 706px) 100vw, 706px" /></a></figure>



<p><iframe loading="lazy" src="https://anchor.fm/shane-sater/embed/episodes/Lake-Helena-and-its-amazing-ducks-e1prvjl" height="102px" width="400px" frameborder="0" scrolling="no"></iframe></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color"><strong>October 4, 2022</strong></p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="858" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/PXL_20221004_170034425-1024x858.jpg" alt="Mark Mariano counting ducks on the western bay of Lake Helena." class="wp-image-1329" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/PXL_20221004_170034425-1024x858.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/PXL_20221004_170034425-300x251.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/PXL_20221004_170034425-768x643.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/PXL_20221004_170034425.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Mark Mariano counting ducks on the western bay of Lake Helena.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color">“This place is like a gadwall factory,” says Mark Mariano. Today I&#8217;ve joined Mark, a Butte-based ecologist who works for <a href="https://www.rampart-solutions.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Rampart Solutions</a> and who recently co-founded the nonprofit <a href="https://www.mtwetlandsandwaterfowl.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Montana Wetlands and Waterfowl</a>, to survey ducks on <a href="https://ebird.org/hotspot/L158589" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Lake Helena</a>. Here, just a few miles from the Montana capital, impressive numbers of waterfowl stop during fall migration on this shallow lake and the extensive marshes that surround it. And since 2020, Mark has been coming out here once a week, doing fall surveys to track the migrating ducks.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color">Mark’s work here is connected to a robust collaboration of biologists and industry, centered around Butte’s large, toxic Berkeley Pit and a very successful effort to prevent waterfowl mortality there. Mark’s fall surveys at Lake Helena are part of a regional bird monitoring effort. The goal: keep the Berkeley Pit team well-informed on fall waterfowl migration. Knowing what birds they can expect in the area, the team is <a href="https://pitwatch.org/waterfowl-protection/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">well-prepared to scare ducks away</a> from the hazardous waters of the Berkeley Pit.&nbsp;</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color">Mark has been doing weekly surveys of the fall duck migration on Lake Helena for two years now. All of these surveys have given him a wealth of local knowledge about Helena’s waterfowl and their seasonal movements. So today, I get to learn from Mark about our local ducks. What does Lake Helena mean for our waterfowl?</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Gadwalls on Lake Helena</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="769" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/gadw-1024x769.jpg" alt="Gadwall male." class="wp-image-1331" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/gadw-1024x769.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/gadw-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/gadw-768x577.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/gadw.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Gadwall male.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color">Mark continues telling me about the gadwalls as he scans the western bay with his spotting scope. The gadwalls &#8211; subtle charcoal, black and tan ducks that somewhat resemble mallards &#8211; show up on Lake Helena in the spring. They mate and the females lay their eggs, scraping out a well-hidden bowl in dense vegetation near water. Soon after, the males leave, forming bachelor groups that spend the summer elsewhere. By August, the young have fledged, and several hundred of them join the flocks on the lake. </p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color">By now, the drakes have returned to Lake Helena, too. We can expect to have gadwalls here for the rest of the fall, until the lake freezes.&nbsp;</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Coots and their associates</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="769" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/amco-1024x769.jpg" alt="American coot feeding on aquatic vegetation." class="wp-image-1332" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/amco-1024x769.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/amco-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/amco-768x577.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/amco.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">American coot feeding on aquatic vegetation.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color">American coots are the most abundant waterfowl today. Just on this west end, we count 1900 of them, a large raft of stormy blue birds. A few gadwalls and American wigeons are mixed in with the raft. Coots, with their striking white bills, look similar to ducks. But they’re actually a type of rail (family Rallidae), not a duck. Like many dabbling ducks, coots feed heavily on aquatic vegetation.&nbsp;</p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="696" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/amwi-1024x696.jpg" alt="American wigeon feeding." class="wp-image-1333" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/amwi-1024x696.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/amwi-300x204.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/amwi-768x522.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/amwi.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">American wigeon feeding.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color">“They’re really important for the other ducks because they dive,” Mark tells me. Wigeons and gadwalls are both dabbling ducks. Unable to dive for food, these ducks tip bottoms-up to feed on plants in the shallows. But Mark tells me that it’s very common to see wigeons and gadwalls mixing with flocks of coots. There, they wait for the deep-diving coots to resurface with plant matter, then try to steal the food from them.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color">Two weeks ago, Mark counted an astounding <strong>17,000</strong> American coots on the lake. This sort of change in a few weeks &#8211; from 17,000 to just a few thousand &#8211; makes it clear that the coots are moving right now. They stop to feed on Lake Helena, then continue south.&nbsp;</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Lake Helena by boat</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="803" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/PXL_20221004_181137721-1024x803.jpg" alt="Counting ducks from the boat." class="wp-image-1339" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/PXL_20221004_181137721-1024x803.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/PXL_20221004_181137721-300x235.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/PXL_20221004_181137721-768x602.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/PXL_20221004_181137721.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color">Now Mark has finished counting the waterfowl on this western bay. It’s time to start the second phase of the survey. We’ll launch the boat and make a circle around the entire lake, doing a comprehensive count of all the ducks we haven’t been able to see from the shore.&nbsp;</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color">As soon as we launch, we begin making a clockwise circle around the lake. “Counting from the boat is so much more effective and easy,” Mark tells me. By covering the whole lake and checking the marshes on the sides, he is able to get a much more complete picture of the waterfowl here than a birder who only scopes from one edge.&nbsp;</p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/sngo-1024x768.jpg" alt="Snow geese over Lake Helena, part of a flock of 5000 that stopped here in April 2018." class="wp-image-1337" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/sngo-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/sngo-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/sngo-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/sngo.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Snow geese over Lake Helena, part of a flock of 5000 that stopped here in April 2018.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color">Initially, Mark was doing spring surveys here, too. And his spring observations from the boat turned up something interesting. He learned that some very large flocks of snow geese stage on the inaccessible ponds along the south margin of the lake. It’s like “a mini Freezout Lake,” he told me &#8211; referring to the famous Montana lake where <a href="https://www.visitmt.com/listings/general/lake/freezeout-lake" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">hundreds of thousands of snow geese stop</a> in the spring. And because these ponds on the south side of Lake Helena are nearly impossible to access without a boat, local birders were largely unaware of this “mini Freezout” until Mark started his surveys.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Pipits, harriers, and diving ducks</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/DSCN0904-1024x768.jpg" alt="The shallows along the southeast edge of Lake Helena." class="wp-image-1340" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/DSCN0904-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/DSCN0904-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/DSCN0904-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/DSCN0904.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">The shallows along the southeast edge of Lake Helena.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color">Today, we find no snow geese. We can expect them to start passing over in late October or early November, when wintry weather begins to hit their major migratory staging areas in Alberta. The southeast side of Lake Helena is quiet today. From the flaming yellow sandbar willows (<em>Salix exigua</em>) along the shore, we can hear the occasional <em>chip </em>of a yellow-rumped warbler. Small flocks of American pipits flush from the lake’s edge with their electric <em>sip-it</em> calls. The water burbles smoothly under the bow of the boat.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="719" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/DSCN0966-1024x719.jpg" alt="A group of redheads on the lake." class="wp-image-1341" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/DSCN0966-1024x719.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/DSCN0966-300x211.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/DSCN0966-768x540.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/DSCN0966.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A group of redheads on the lake.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color">Several northern harriers are circling over the marshes to the south of us. We spot a large raft of ducks out in the middle of the lake. They’re clustered along the line where the morning’s smooth water is giving way to a wind-driven chop. Mark has his eye glued to the spotting scope. He steers the boat with the trolling motor to pan the scope across the ducks. It’s largely diving ducks out there in the middle: redheads, ring-necked ducks, and ruddy ducks.&nbsp;</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color">I spot a bald eagle sweeping languidly west over the lake. Mark hurries his duck-counting as the predator approaches. And then, as we had been expecting, the ducks leap into flight. Flock after flock move west in unison, impelled by the repulsive force of the eagle’s flight. The bald eagle continues onwards. The ducks settle in their new positions. But now we can see many more redheads than before.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Lake Helena and its marshes</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/redh-1024x768.jpg" alt="Redhead male." class="wp-image-1334" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/redh-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/redh-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/redh-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/redh.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Redhead male.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color">“They’re just showing up out of nowhere &#8211; they keep flying in,” Mark exclaims.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color">The redhead flocks started to show up here two weeks ago, when Lake Helena was bursting its seams with coots. With all of the redheads, Mark says he’s surprised not to see any canvasbacks today &#8211; these large diving ducks often mix with the redheads here. Perhaps the season is a bit early yet for canvasbacks, though.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="769" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/canv-1024x769.jpg" alt="Canvasback male." class="wp-image-1335" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/canv-1024x769.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/canv-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/canv-768x577.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/canv.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Canvasback male (note the flat forehead compared to the redhead).</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color">We check the ponds on the south side of the lake, which are surrounded by extensive, beautiful marshes of cattails and bulrushes.&nbsp;</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color">“More gadwalls &#8211; surprise!” says Mark. Here we also see our first mallards of the day. Small groups of them lift off from this protected water, streaming obliquely past us.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color">South of us, in the distance, we can see a massive cloud of gulls wheeling. It’s a swarm of far-off specks over the valley, barely visible without binoculars. Presumably, they’re finding a hatch of insects or spiders to feed on. On the lake itself, over a hundred Franklin’s gulls are active. They bob on the surface and then take off, flying east over us in disorganized strings.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="783" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/DSCN1001-1024x783.jpg" alt="Franklin's gulls over Lake Helena." class="wp-image-1336" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/DSCN1001-1024x783.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/DSCN1001-300x230.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/DSCN1001-768x588.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/DSCN1001.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Franklin&#8217;s gulls over Lake Helena.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Completing the circle</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="798" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/DSCN1008-1024x798.jpg" alt="Franklin's gulls, an American white pelican, and American coots near the western edge of Lake Helena." class="wp-image-1342" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/DSCN1008-1024x798.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/DSCN1008-300x234.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/DSCN1008-768x599.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/DSCN1008.jpg 1500w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Franklin&#8217;s gulls, an American white pelican, and American coots near the western edge of Lake Helena.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color">We’ve passed the western bay now, where we counted the coots and dabbling ducks from the shore this morning. Our circle around the lake is coming to an end. There are some small groups of Canada geese in the pasture along the north shore. We scan them carefully, searching for anything different. For the past several weeks, Mark saw an unusually early snow goose with these Canadas, a surprise bird well in advance of the main snow goose migration. But today we see only Canadas: the snow goose seems to have moved on.&nbsp;</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color">Mark pilots us back towards the boat launch. Another Lake Helena duck survey is in the books. Today we’ve dipped our toes into the fall river of waterfowl migration. It’s more than a river, really: it’s a continent-wide tide, inexorably southbound, as millions of ducks and coots evacuate the wetlands of the north in the face of the approaching winter. Lake Helena is one piece in this vast puzzle. And because Mark visits Lake Helena every week throughout the fall migration, today’s survey has the context of the whole seasonal story.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Problems with carp</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="806" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/DSCN0991-1024x806.jpg" alt="Franklin's gulls over Lake Helena's shallow, carp-churned waters." class="wp-image-1343" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/DSCN0991-1024x806.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/DSCN0991-300x236.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/DSCN0991-768x604.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/DSCN0991.jpg 1500w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Franklin&#8217;s gulls over Lake Helena&#8217;s shallow, carp-churned waters.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color">Lake Helena isn’t perfect for duck habitat. Massive <a href="https://fieldguide.mt.gov/speciesDetail.aspx?elcode=AFCJB08010" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">common carp</a> (<em>Cyprinus carpio</em>) spend the summer here in large numbers, churning up mud as they root for food on the shallow lake bottom. Mark tells me that their feeding prevents submergent plants from growing, reducing the food available for ducks and coots. The carp also contribute indirectly to algal blooms. By removing aquatic plants, carp prevent these plants from absorbing the influx of nutrients the lake receives from the Helena Valley. Instead of aquatic plants, mats of algae grow in response to the nutrient surplus.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color">Mark knows of a solution for Lake Helena’s carp issues. Lake Helena is very shallow. During the winter, the carp return to the deep waters of Hauser Lake to overwinter. Mark tells me that a size-limiting gate in the dam at the Causeway, between Lake Helena and Hauser Lake, would allow other fish to move back and forth but would exclude most of the massive carp from Lake Helena. This strategy has been deployed successfully on southern Manitoba’s Delta Marsh. There, carp exclusion has <a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2022.992690/full" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">improved water quality and boosted cover of aquatic plants</a>.&nbsp;</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color">So for Lake Helena’s carp problem, it seems that an answer is within sight. All that remains is all the work it would take to bring this idea from concept to reality. But in the meanwhile, carp notwithstanding, Lake Helena and its surrounding marshes are one of the Helena Valley’s treasures.&nbsp;</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Helena, the valley of the ducks</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="819" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/DSCN0911-1024x819.jpg" alt="The extensive marshes south of Lake Helena." class="wp-image-1344" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/DSCN0911-1024x819.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/DSCN0911-300x240.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/DSCN0911-768x614.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/DSCN0911.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">The extensive marshes south of Lake Helena.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color">“Helena is very ducky,” Mark tells me. And indeed, between Lake Helena and the <a href="https://ebird.org/hotspot/L158588?yr=all&amp;m=&amp;rank=mrec" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Helena Regulating Reservoir</a>, birders have recorded a whopping <strong>33 species</strong> of ducks, geese and swans in the Helena Valley. Why all this diversity?&nbsp;</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color">It’s because of Lake Helena and places like it. Because of these ponds, open waters, and marshes, we can watch tens of thousands of coots stopping here in the fall. We can see the gadwalls and American wigeons trying to steal their food. In the spring, we can look for the flocks of snow geese as this place becomes a “mini Freezout Lake.”&nbsp;</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color">I hope that there will always be wetlands like this in the Helena Valley. And if we can exclude the carp, how many more ducks could we support here?</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2022/10/27/lake-helena-ducks/">Lake Helena and its amazing ducks</a> appeared first on <a href="https://wildwithnature.com">Wild With Nature</a>.</p>
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