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	<title>Calcarius ornatus Archives - Wild With Nature</title>
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	<title>Calcarius ornatus Archives - Wild With Nature</title>
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	<item>
		<title>Birds in the wheat: industrial agriculture and declining birds</title>
		<link>https://wildwithnature.com/2025/07/01/wheat-industrial-agriculture-declining-birds/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=wheat-industrial-agriculture-declining-birds</link>
					<comments>https://wildwithnature.com/2025/07/01/wheat-industrial-agriculture-declining-birds/#comments</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Shane Sater]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 01 Jul 2025 14:55:10 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Birds]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[English-language stories]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Plants]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Agelaius phoeniceus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Anas acuta]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Athene cunicularia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Aythya valisineria]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Calamospiza melanocorys]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Calcarius ornatus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Eremophila alpestris]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Fulica americana]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Himantopus mexicanus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Leucophaeus pipixcan]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Numenius americanus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Perdix perdix]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Rhynchophanes mccownii]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Rumex venosus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sayornis saya]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Spizella breweri]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sturnella neglecta]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Verbena bracteata]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Zenaida macroura]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://wildwithnature.com/?p=5071</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>June 5, 2025, Chouteau County, Montana. Horned larks (Eremophila alpestris) tinkle in the pre-dawn sky. The indigo night cedes to pink over the distant blue [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2025/07/01/wheat-industrial-agriculture-declining-birds/">Birds in the wheat: industrial agriculture and declining birds</a> appeared first on <a href="https://wildwithnature.com">Wild With Nature</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<figure class="wp-block-image size-full is-resized"><a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2025/07/01/trigo-industrial-aves-en-declive/"><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" width="706" height="181" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-en-2.jpg" alt="Bilingual nature podcast" class="wp-image-3486" style="width:auto;height:100px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-en-2.jpg 706w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-en-2-300x77.jpg 300w" sizes="(max-width: 706px) 100vw, 706px" /></a></figure>



<iframe style="border-radius:12px" src="https://open.spotify.com/embed/episode/5QRoyK8S35ss0U41Hyu36N?utm_source=generator&#038;t=0" width="100%" height="152" frameBorder="0" allowfullscreen="" allow="autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; fullscreen; picture-in-picture" loading="lazy"></iframe>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250605_105847435-1024x768.jpg" alt="Pre-dawn sky over wheat fields and the distant Bears Paw Mountains, Chouteau County, MT." class="wp-image-5076" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250605_105847435-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250605_105847435-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250605_105847435-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250605_105847435.jpg 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Pre-dawn sky over wheat fields and the distant Bears Paw Mountains, Chouteau County, MT.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-7bedf156236f70d33f4cea4e5447adf1"><em>June 5, 2025, Chouteau County, Montana</em>. Horned larks (<em>Eremophila alpestris</em>) tinkle in the pre-dawn sky. The indigo night cedes to pink over the distant blue silhouette of the Bears Paw Mountains. I chew on a cold, lifeless blueberry bagel as the clock approaches the appointed hour. 4:49 a.m. Half an hour before sunrise.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-3bfa2eb40af007986cf1661f05232fc4"><em>You are what you eat</em>, so the saying goes. I am a plain of wheat that stretches to the horizon, lines of grain etched by massive tractors, moist morning air heavy with the sweet metallic bite of ag chemicals. The prairie is gone. The land has been transformed into a grid of wheat, huge green squares of this year’s crop and huge brown squares of chemical fallow. Not even a thistle dares to grow there.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-40f919695aa7bab99f93af73fee0d624">It’s not all one giant wheat field, of course. There are the shelterbelts where a few trees protect a farm house from the wind. Some of them are tended with obvious care, lilacs blooming, lawn mowed, shed painted, flag flying. Others are relics from another time, windows gaping, barn roof sagging—memories of a time before farming became industrial.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">The wheat and the prairie</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/DSCN2669-1024x768.jpg" alt="The wheat fields before dawn." class="wp-image-5077" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/DSCN2669-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/DSCN2669-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/DSCN2669-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/DSCN2669.jpg 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Wheat fields before dawn.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-509be6a1e67e2479e3fe3d57ceaafe00">The wheat fields fascinate me: the simplicity, the straight lines, the sheer scale of it, the huge tractors and sprayers, the plastic cubes of pesticide. Prairie converted into bagel factory.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-f4f3d6b727490377cba9e7d8e1d8e2c9">The prairie always creeps in around the edges, though. This expansive sky, big as the world, so alive with clouds and colors. The veiny dock (<em>Rumex venosus</em>) and verbena (<em>Verbena bracteata</em>) that grow along the gravel roadsides. And right now, pre-dawn, it seems more like prairie than wheat field as the horned larks broadcast their tinkly songs from all over.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Ready, set, count birds</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250605_111915939-1024x768.jpg" alt="Ready to do the Breeding Bird Survey." class="wp-image-5078" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250605_111915939-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250605_111915939-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250605_111915939-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250605_111915939.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Ready to do the Breeding Bird Survey.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-edb2bf4475524df8bd51d13568df8146">4:49 a.m. It’s time to start counting birds. This is my seventh year doing this Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) route, one of over 4000 routes across the United States and Canada that volunteers like me survey one morning each summer. For many North American breeding birds, the BBS is our best stab at tracking how their populations are changing from year to year.&nbsp;</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-d004423256e448d16aa9d3a2360512d5">Montana birder Harriet Marble started this BBS route in 1979 and surveyed it annually for the next 37 years. Each June I think of her as I follow in her footsteps.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-3243e1c03e1083e5b4a6f0131dd06fd7">Everything is ready now. My notebook is out, the frequent stops sign taped to the back window of my car. As the horned larks tinkle and the prairie tries to seep in at the edges of the wheat, I set my 3-minute timer. <em>Go!</em>&nbsp;</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Birds in the wheat</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="858" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/619903510-1024x858.jpg" alt="Thick-billed longspur." class="wp-image-5079" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/619903510-1024x858.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/619903510-300x252.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/619903510-768x644.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/619903510.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Thick-billed longspur.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-6e6da7e815381af4c6d4f0fd09fbc3d7">For three minutes, I try to write it all down: every horned lark I see or hear, every western meadowlark (<em>Sturnella neglecta</em>), every mourning dove (<em>Zenaida macroura</em>) and thick-billed longspur (<em>Rhynchophanes mccownii</em>), gray partridge (<em>Perdix perdix</em>) and long-billed curlew (<em>Numenius americanus</em>), northern pintail (<em>Anas acuta</em>) and red-winged blackbird (<em>Agelaius phoeniceus</em>). Without moving from this point, I’m trying to count each individual bird within earshot and all of those that I can see within a quarter mile.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250605_110225560-1024x768.jpg" alt="A chemical fallow field in a no-till wheat system. The tall stubble helps hold the soil and store up moisture, readying the field for another wheat crop. Herbicide treatments prevent weeds from growing, which otherwise would rob moisture from the future wheat crop." class="wp-image-5080" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250605_110225560-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250605_110225560-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250605_110225560-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250605_110225560.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A chemical fallow field in a no-till wheat system. The tall stubble helps hold the soil and store up moisture, readying the field for another wheat crop. Herbicide treatments prevent weeds from growing. Otherwise, they would rob moisture from the future crop.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-76c66839073262ba6368060683652a18">Three minutes beeps. I jump in my car, punch the next point into my GPS and race towards it, half a mile up the road. The survey consists of 50 points, three minutes of intensive listening and looking at each one. By 9:30 a.m., I’ll be done, a community of birds sandwiched in my notebook. Horned larks and thick-billed longspurs from the brown chemical fallow where nothing grows, a Say’s phoebe (<em>Sayornis saya</em>) from the shelterbelt near one of the farm houses. Northern pintails and a yellow-headed blackbird (<em>Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus</em>) from a small puddle in the middle of a field. Franklin’s gulls (<em>Leucophaeus pipixcan</em>) screaming as they fly over in small groups. Birds in the wheat.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Wheat fields and missing birds</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250605_141603195-1024x768.jpg" alt="A pasture dotted with sagebrush, not plowed under to grow wheat, still provides habitat for Brewer's sparrows, grasshopper sparrows, and chestnut-collared longspurs." class="wp-image-5081" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250605_141603195-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250605_141603195-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250605_141603195-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250605_141603195.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A pasture dotted with sagebrush, not plowed under to grow wheat, still provides habitat for Brewer&#8217;s sparrows, grasshopper sparrows, and chestnut-collared longspurs.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-989d7daf935927fa522dd4d98388ece0">Every year, I wonder how these birds are doing. I wonder it about the horned larks and thick-billed longspurs that sing so vigorously from the wheat fields. I find them here every year. Are they thriving, or are they dying invisibly from chemical exposure? Do horned larks get cancer like we do, or are their lives so short that it doesn’t matter? I wonder about the species that I only find in the pastures and the sagebrush, the places where the prairie isn’t totally gone. The chestnut-collared longspurs (<em>Calcarius ornatus</em>), Brewer’s sparrows (<em>Spizella breweri</em>), lark buntings (<em>Calamospiza melanocorys</em>)—surely there were more of them here before the wheat?</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/DSCN7556-1024x768.jpg" alt="Lark bunting at the edge of a pasture. One of many species absent from the wheat fields visible in the background." class="wp-image-5082" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/DSCN7556-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/DSCN7556-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/DSCN7556-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/DSCN7556.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Lark bunting at the edge of a pasture. One of many species absent from the wheat fields that are visible in the background.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-bb915f57d4511be683c6e919ffa34077">At Stop 19, a farmer drives past as I’m doing my 3-minute bird count. She waves, friendly, too polite to ask me what the heck I’m doing standing here with binoculars. Red-winged blackbirds sing from a moist depression in the field.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-d1ebfdd458e4009da75b3ba885d06353">At Stop 36, a lark bunting helicopters down from the sky with lively abandon, landing on a fencepost at the edge of a pasture. Grasses and sagebrush. The prairie creeping in. And with it, the song of the lark bunting. Beyond him, wheat fields stretch towards the horizon. No lark buntings there.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Pesticides? Habitat loss?</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250605_133103505-1024x768.jpg" alt="A patch of tansy mustard (Descurainia sophia) withers after herbicide treatment at the edge of a chemical fallow field. " class="wp-image-5083" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250605_133103505-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250605_133103505-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250605_133103505-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250605_133103505.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A patch of tansy mustard (Descurainia sophia) withers after herbicide treatment at the edge of a chemical fallow field.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-98a7503690691ecc9c387cd0ce024b2a">Every year, the chemical contamination question haunts me, hanging heavy in the air like that sweet-metallic smell where the wheat grows. 3-minute point counts don’t give the answer. The thick-billed longspurs I write down in my notebook— Are they nesting successfully? How do farm chemicals affect them? Are these fields their happy homes, or death traps?</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="858" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/620272565-1024x858.jpg" alt="Horned lark." class="wp-image-5084" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/620272565-1024x858.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/620272565-300x251.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/620272565-768x643.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/620272565.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Horned lark.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-24a10a9406d43783aca210e0c510767a">Regarding the loss of the prairie, the answers seem much more apparent. Plow prairie to grow wheat, and gone are the lark buntings. Gone are the Brewer’s sparrows and burrowing owls (<em>Athene cunicularia</em>). The horned larks remain, them and the thick-billed longspurs and that metallic smell in the air. The infinite sky remains. The farmers who welcome an out-of-place stranger with a friendly wave, trying to make it in an economy that has them growing massive fields of wheat. And once a year, me, eating blueberry bagels and wondering what these wheat fields mean for life on earth.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Lonesome Lake</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250605_025704028-1024x768.jpg" alt="Sunset over Lonesome Lake." class="wp-image-5085" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250605_025704028-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250605_025704028-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250605_025704028-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250605_025704028.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Sunset over Lonesome Lake.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-4b74f89a7e77a5d0eed298b32055cdc1">The night before I camped at Lonesome Lake, where the wheat gives way to wetland, where thousands of Franklin’s gulls scream as they circle and land among coots (<em>Fulica americana</em>) and canvasbacks (<em>Aythya valisineria</em>). I watched the prairie gulls and thought of my grandmother, how I inherited her love of birds. I didn’t give it much thought when she was alive, but now a cloud of gulls or a mudflat full of shorebirds connects me to her, to how she loved the ocean and the life at its edge. And here, at the margin of the wheat, the Franklin’s gulls bring the ocean to the Great Plains summer.&nbsp;</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-ecde87cf9fdc1f49fa2c9923eb9d6b04">My grandmother was born in 1924, when lark buntings were already losing ground to wheat fields but before huge tractors, before synthetic insecticides, before farmers had to get big or get out. During my grandmother’s lifetime, grassland birds like chestnut-collared longspurs declined precipitously. And just like I eat blueberry bagels, my grandmother ate wheat bread. Life is full of paradoxes.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Blueberry bagels and wheat fields</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="825" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/DSCN7545-1024x825.jpg" alt="A black-necked stilt forages at the edge of Lonesome Lake." class="wp-image-5086" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/DSCN7545-1024x825.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/DSCN7545-300x242.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/DSCN7545-768x619.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/DSCN7545.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A black-necked stilt forages at the edge of Lonesome Lake.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-05aa80278b5e38894592602c422eb49b">At one edge of the wetland, a flock of black-necked stilts (<em>Himanthopus mexicanus</em>) is calling sharply. The last time I heard them calling like this was in Oaxaca this winter, in the mangroves along the edge of the Pacific Ocean, not too many kilometers from <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2025/01/01/mystery-of-the-twilight/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Grandfather Teo’s <em>milpa</em> and fruit trees</a>. There the line between farm and wild land is much softer, and the air doesn’t have that metallic smell. I take pictures of the wheat fields to show him this winter—he’ll be curious about a system of agriculture so different, so foreign, so industrial.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-319bccf5493b26e7ce824cc77ca58030">There I’ll eat corn tostadas from small <em>milpas</em> tended by hand among the forest, and perhaps a thicket tinamou (<em>Cryturellus cinnamomeus</em>) will sing at dusk. There’s more than one way to grow food. But for now, I subsist on blueberry bagels: I am a plain of wheat that stretches to the horizon, up to the edge of Lonesome Lake where the Franklin’s gulls wail. The prairie is gone, but it keeps creeping in at the edge.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Afterword</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="839" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/637756500-1024x839.jpg" alt="A chestnut-collared longspur on territory in native prairie habitat." class="wp-image-5087" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/637756500-1024x839.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/637756500-300x246.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/637756500-768x629.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/637756500.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A chestnut-collared longspur on territory in native prairie habitat.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-9cf60025286f1e8afdbaad0aaca5c249"><em>Chestnut-collared longspurs and thick-billed longspurs are among the steepest-declining birds in the United States, according to the <a href="https://www.stateofthebirds.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">2025 State of the Birds report</a>. Both have lost well over 50% of their populations in the last 50 years. <em>Meanwhile, the lark bunting has declined massively across its range. </em></em></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-7b8ef0760f0d0871e78daf3144f9f6f1"><em>So has the Baird&#8217;s sparrow (</em>Centronyx bairdii<em>)—a species which Harriet Marble used to hear regularly on this BBS route, well over a dozen in peak years during the 1990s. Each year from 1998 onwards, though, Baird&#8217;s sparrows have been few or entirely absent on the route.</em> <em> </em></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-cd2f7fd1e2da8a941ee59be281adc264"><em>Many questions remain regarding how the use of insecticides and herbicides may impact birds in places like Chouteau County. However, existing research points to the ongoing loss of the prairie to intensive agriculture (rather than pesticide use in itself) as the biggest driver of prairie bird declines. </em></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-cb4b49c1f740660af53d9fe10f8cc3f3"><em>Prairie losses have affected the Lonesome Lake area, too. Harriet Marble reports that for many years farmers had fields enrolled in the <a href="https://www.fsa.usda.gov/resources/programs/conservation-reserve-program">Conservation Reserve Program</a>, which pays them to conserve soil and wildlife habitat by converting cropland back to grassland. Around Lonesome Lake, the program benefited many prairie birds, but the good news didn&#8217;t last. &#8220;When price of wheat increased, farmers must have left the program and then plowed up the habitat that once supported so many sparrows,&#8221; Harriet wrote me. Following the loss of the Conservation Reserve Program fields, numbers of prairie birds such as chestnut-collared longspurs and Savannah sparrows have diminished substantially. And from 2021 onwards, I have not heard a single Baird&#8217;s sparrow on this route.</em></p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Further reading</h3>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-407b652792b547d677deb8436116cc1a">Hill, J.M., Egan, J.F., Stauffer, G.E. &amp; Diefenbach, D.R. (2014). <strong>Habitat availability is a more plausible explanation than insecticide acute toxicity for U.S. grassland bird species declines</strong>. <em>PLOS One </em>9(5): e98064. <a href="https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0098064&amp;type=printable" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0098064&amp;type=printable</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-8f50b8a0e0d7d8c7b22f0df6c5fa0cac">North American Bird Conservation Initiative. (2025). <strong>The state of the birds, United States of America, 2025</strong>. <a href="https://www.stateofthebirds.org/2025/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.stateofthebirds.org/2025/</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-1a99d1a2504b7dada892890ed8e5a556">Rodríguez, V. &amp; Venegas. D. (2013, 12 June). <strong>El Conteo de Aves en Reproducción (Breeding Bird Surveys) en el Norte de México</strong>. Sonoran Joint Venture. <a href="https://sonoranjv.org/es/el-conteo-de-aves-en-reproduccion-breeding-bird-surveys-en-el-norte-de-mexico/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://sonoranjv.org/es/el-conteo-de-aves-en-reproduccion-breeding-bird-surveys-en-el-norte-de-mexico/</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-d7e21411eaa31c4f53db5b498d8ba756">Sater, S. (2025, 1 January). <strong>Mystery of the twilight: birds at dusk and sustainable agriculture</strong>. Wild With Nature. <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2025/01/01/mystery-of-the-twilight/">https://wildwithnature.com/2025/01/01/mystery-of-the-twilight/</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-d0a95a080764a136d141ab85d36d0e95">United States Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center. (2022). <strong>BBS trends 1966-2022</strong>. <a href="https://eesc.usgs.gov/MBR/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://eesc.usgs.gov/MBR/</a></p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20230619_121556135-1024x768.jpg" alt="Veiny dock grows along the roadside." class="wp-image-5089" style="width:700px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20230619_121556135-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20230619_121556135-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20230619_121556135-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20230619_121556135.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Veiny dock grows along the roadside.</figcaption></figure>
</div>

<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/DSCN2676-1024x768.jpg" alt="Wheat fields, Chouteau County, Montana." class="wp-image-5075" style="width:700px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/DSCN2676-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/DSCN2676-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/DSCN2676-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/DSCN2676-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/DSCN2676-2048x1536.jpg 2048w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Wheat fields. <a href="https://www.montana.edu/extension/chouteau/agriculture/index.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Chouteau County produces more wheat than any other county in Montana</a>.</figcaption></figure>
</div><p>The post <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2025/07/01/wheat-industrial-agriculture-declining-birds/">Birds in the wheat: industrial agriculture and declining birds</a> appeared first on <a href="https://wildwithnature.com">Wild With Nature</a>.</p>
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		<title>Aves en el trigo: la agricultura industrial y las aves en declive</title>
		<link>https://wildwithnature.com/2025/07/01/trigo-industrial-aves-en-declive/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=trigo-industrial-aves-en-declive</link>
					<comments>https://wildwithnature.com/2025/07/01/trigo-industrial-aves-en-declive/#comments</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Shane Sater]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 01 Jul 2025 14:53:45 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Aves]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Historias en español]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Plantas]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Agelaius phoeniceus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Anas acuta]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Athene cunicularia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Aythya valisineria]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Calamospiza melanocorys]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Calcarius ornatus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Eremophila alpestris]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Fulica americana]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Himantopus mexicanus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Leucophaeus pipixcan]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Numenius americanus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Perdix perdix]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Rhynchophanes mccownii]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Rumex venosus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sayornis saya]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Spizella breweri]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sturnella neglecta]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Verbena bracteata]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Zenaida macroura]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://wildwithnature.com/?p=5092</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>5 de junio de 2025, Condado de Chouteau, Montana, EU. Las alondras cornudas (Eremophila alpestris) suenan como campanitas en el cielo antes del amanecer. La [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2025/07/01/trigo-industrial-aves-en-declive/">Aves en el trigo: la agricultura industrial y las aves en declive</a> appeared first on <a href="https://wildwithnature.com">Wild With Nature</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<figure class="wp-block-image size-full is-resized"><a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2025/07/01/wheat-industrial-agriculture-declining-birds/"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="734" height="188" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-es-2.jpg" alt="Podcast bilingüe de la naturaleza" class="wp-image-3489" style="width:auto;height:100px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-es-2.jpg 734w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-es-2-300x77.jpg 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 734px) 100vw, 734px" /></a></figure>



<iframe style="border-radius:12px" src="https://open.spotify.com/embed/episode/4Roz0HFinIqXhyXR2o2Nvj?utm_source=generator&#038;t=0" width="100%" height="152" frameBorder="0" allowfullscreen="" allow="autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; fullscreen; picture-in-picture" loading="lazy"></iframe>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250605_105847435-1024x768.jpg" alt="Pre-dawn sky over wheat fields and the distant Bears Paw Mountains, Chouteau County, MT." class="wp-image-5076" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250605_105847435-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250605_105847435-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250605_105847435-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250605_105847435.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">El cielo antes del amanecer sobre los campos de trigo con las Montañas Bears Paw en la distancia, Condado de Chouteau, Montana.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-6552de5fc5a8d98cf3588de14a8a02bc"><em>5 de junio de 2025, Condado de Chouteau, Montana, EU</em>. Las alondras cornudas (<em>Eremophila alpestris</em>) suenan como campanitas en el cielo antes del amanecer. La noche índigo cede a rosa sobre la silueta distante de las Montañas Bears Paw. Mastico un pan estéril con arándanos mientras el reloj se acerca a la hora señalada. Las 4:49 a.m. Media hora antes del amanecer.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-f50f7c6c3e487c0d6ac429ae828942bb"><em>Eres lo que comes,</em> así va el dicho. Soy una planicie de trigo que se extiende hasta el horizonte, líneas de trigo cortadas por tractores masivos, aire matutino húmedo pesado por el dulce olor metálico de las agroquímicas. La pradera ha desaparecido. La tierra ha sido convertida en una cuadrícula de trigo, inmensos cuadrados verdes del cultivo de este año e inmensos cuadrados marrones en barbecho químico. Ni un cardo se atreve a crecer ahí.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-0da28f9ff002ddd05eaf181fa7820899">No todo el paisaje es trigo, desde luego. Están los setos donde unos árboles protegen una casa de la fuerza del viento. Algunos están cuidados con orgullo, las lilas floreciendo, el césped cortado, los cobertizos recién pintados, la bandera alzada. Otros son los vestigios de otra época, las ventanas no más con vidrio, los techos hundidos—recuerdos de un tiempo antes de que la agricultura se pusiera industrial.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">El trigo y la pradera</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/DSCN2669-1024x768.jpg" alt="The wheat fields before dawn." class="wp-image-5077" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/DSCN2669-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/DSCN2669-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/DSCN2669-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/DSCN2669.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Los campos de trigo antes del amanecer.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-f10aa53d35fb4b0b273f09f534f41870">Los campos de trigo me cautivan—la simplicidad, las líneas rectas, la gran escala, los tractores y fumigadoras enormes, los cubos plásticos de pesticida. Pradera convertida en fábrica de pan. </p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-348515f1755ea3d99b594d27ab543995">Pero la pradera siempre trata de entrar en los bordes. Este cielo extenso, tan grande como el mundo, tan vivo con nubes y colores. La romaza (<em>Rumex venosus</em>) y la verbena (<em>Verbena bracteata</em>) que crecen en las gravillas al lado del camino. Y ahora, antes del amanecer, el paisaje se parece más a pradera que a cultivo mientras las alondras cornudas tintinean por todos lados. </p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Preparado, listo, a contar aves</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250605_111915939-1024x768.jpg" alt="Ready to do the Breeding Bird Survey." class="wp-image-5078" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250605_111915939-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250605_111915939-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250605_111915939-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250605_111915939.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Listo para hacer el Conteo de Aves en Reproducción. </figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-4e23cddea0f02585ca87d09afc09cf49">Ya son las 4:49 a.m. Es hora de contar aves. Es mi séptimo año de hacer esta ruta del Conteo de Aves en Reproducción, una de más de 4000 rutas a lo largo de Estados Unidos y Canadá que hacen voluntarios como yo una mañana cada verano. Para muchas especies de aves que se reproducen en Norteamérica, este Conteo es nuestra mejor herramienta para observar cambios en sus poblaciones año tras año.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-86f2ba13814bdb8f2596993cd0fecf92">La pajarera montanense Harriet Marble empezó esta ruta del Conteo en 1979 y la hizo anualmente durante los siguientes 37 años. Cada junio pienso en ella mientras sigo sus pasos. </p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-954855810cde8be473bf0cf5652ab4f6">Ya tengo todo listo. Tengo mi cuaderno en la mano, el letrero del Conteo está pegado al parte trasera de mi carro. Mientras las alondras cornudas tintinean y la pradera trata de entrar en los bordes del trigo, pongo un alarma para tres minutos. <em>¡Ya!</em></p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Aves en el trigo</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="858" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/619903510-1024x858.jpg" alt="Thick-billed longspur." class="wp-image-5079" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/619903510-1024x858.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/619903510-300x252.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/619903510-768x644.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/619903510.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Escribano pico grueso.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-9595ba0e7233ffab94bf9cbbe183b597">Por tres minutos, trato de escribirlo todo: cada alondra cornuda que yo vea o escuche, cada pradero del oeste (<em>Sturnella neglecta</em>), cada huilota común (<em>Zenaida macroura</em>) y escribano pico grueso (<em>Rhynchophanes mccownii</em>), perdiz pardilla (<em>Perdix perdix</em>) y zarapito pico largo  (<em>Numenius americanus</em>), cada pato golondrino (<em>Anas acuta</em>) y tordo sargento (<em>Agelaius phoeniceus</em>). Sin moverme de este lugar, estoy tratando de contar cada ave que esté al alcance del oído y todas las que pueda ver dentro de 400 metros.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250605_110225560-1024x768.jpg" alt="A chemical fallow field in a no-till wheat system. The tall stubble helps hold the soil and store up moisture, readying the field for another wheat crop. Herbicide treatments prevent weeds from growing, which otherwise would rob moisture from the future wheat crop." class="wp-image-5080" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250605_110225560-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250605_110225560-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250605_110225560-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250605_110225560.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Un campo en barbecho químico, parte de un sistema de trigo sin laboreo. El rastrojo alto ayuda a conservar agua y evitar que el suelo se erosione, preparando el campo para otro cultivo de trigo. Fumigaciones de herbicida matan la maleza, que de otra manera robaría agua del siguiente cultivo de trigo.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-3e5dfbe4d2de483bfff6aaa1db459e5e">El alarma de tres minutos suena. Me subo al carro, pongo el siguiente punto en mi GPS y manejo rápido hacia él, 800 metros más adelante por el camino. La ruta del conteo consiste en 50 puntos, tres minutos de escuchar intensamente y buscar aves por cada uno. Para las 9:30 a.m. voy a estar al final, una comunidad de aves grabada en mi cuaderno. Alondras cornudas y escribanos pico grueso desde los campos marrones en barbecho químico donde nada crece, un papamoscas llanero (<em>Sayornis saya</em>) desde el seto cerca de una casa. Patos golondrinos y un tordo cabeza amarilla (<em>Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus</em>) desde un charco en medio de un campo. Gaviotas de Franklin (<em>Leucophaeus pipixcan</em>) gritando mientras me van sobrevolando en parvadas pequeñas. Aves en el trigo. </p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Campos de trigo y aves desaparecidas</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250605_141603195-1024x768.jpg" alt="A pasture dotted with sagebrush, not plowed under to grow wheat, still provides habitat for Brewer's sparrows, grasshopper sparrows, and chestnut-collared longspurs." class="wp-image-5081" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250605_141603195-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250605_141603195-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250605_141603195-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250605_141603195.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Un pastizal con matas de artemisa, aún no laboreado para sembrar trigo, sigue aportando un hábitat para gorriones de Brewer, gorriones chapulín y escribanos collar castaño.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-46ed817a7739fa6a7d5a370148a50068">Cada año, me pregunto cómo están estas aves. Me lo pregunto sobre las alondras cornudas y escribanos pico grueso que cantan con tanta energía desde los campos de trigo. Cada año los encuentro acá. ¿Están prosperando, o están muriéndose invisiblemente por agroquímicas? ¿Contraen las alondras cornudas cáncer como nosotros? ¿O no le importa el cáncer a un ave que tiene una vida tan corta? Me pregunto sobre el bienestar de las especies las cuales solamente encuentro en los pastizales y parches de artemisa (<em>Artemisia </em>spp.), los lugares donde aún queda un poco de la pradera. Los escribanos collar castaño (<em>Calcarius ornatus</em>), gorriones de Brewer (<em>Spizella breweri</em>) y gorriones alas blancas (<em>Calamospiza melanocorys</em>)—¿seguramente había más antes de que llegara el trigo?</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/DSCN7556-1024x768.jpg" alt="Lark bunting at the edge of a pasture. One of many species absent from the wheat fields visible in the background." class="wp-image-5082" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/DSCN7556-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/DSCN7556-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/DSCN7556-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/DSCN7556.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Un gorrión alas blancas se percha al borde de un pastizal. Una de las especies que no se encuentra en los campos de trigo que se ven en el fondo.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-561fa2ad56e72ae8c6e42b64ac37ab68">En Parada 19, una agricultora me pasa manejando mientras estoy haciendo mi conteo. Me saluda agradablemente, demasiado educada para preguntarme qué chingados estoy haciendo, parado aquí con binoculares. Unos tordos sargento cantan desde una depresión húmeda en el campo. </p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-5033beb03b7a8e35b791f69affaafc83">En Parada 36, un gorrión alas blancas desciende del cielo como un helicóptero exuberante, aterrizando en un poste al lado de un pastizal. Gramíneas y matas de artemisa. La pradera, entrando en los bordes. Y con ella, el canto del gorrión alas blancas. Más allá de él, campos de trigo se extienden hacia el horizonte. No hay ningunos gorriones alas blancas ahí.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">¿Pesticidas? ¿Pérdida de hábitat?</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250605_133103505-1024x768.jpg" alt="A patch of tansy mustard (Descurainia sophia) withers after herbicide treatment at the edge of a chemical fallow field. " class="wp-image-5083" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250605_133103505-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250605_133103505-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250605_133103505-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250605_133103505.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Un parche de mostaza de tanaceto (Descurainia sophia) en el borde de un campo en barbecho químico se marchita después de ser fumigado.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-522495c8873113d7baface0af5fc9309">Cada año, la pregunta sobre la contaminación química me persigue, apareciéndose pesada en el aire como ese dulce olor metálico donde crece el trigo. Conteos estacionarios de tres minutos no dan la respuesta. Los escribanos pico grueso que anoto en mi cuaderno— ¿Están anidando con éxito? ¿Cómo los afectan las agroquímicas? ¿Son estos campos hogares felices o trampas mortales? </p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="858" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/620272565-1024x858.jpg" alt="Horned lark." class="wp-image-5084" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/620272565-1024x858.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/620272565-300x251.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/620272565-768x643.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/620272565.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Alondra cornuda.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-fb4d7a7b818f15c9a428061bdd4671a0">Con respecto a la pérdida de la pradera, las respuestas parecen ser mucho más obvias. Al laborear la pradera para sembrar trigo, desaparecen los gorriones alas blancas. Desaparecen los gorriones de Brewer y los tecolotes llaneros (<em>Athene cunicularia</em>). Permanecen las alondras cornudas, junto con los escribanos pico grueso y ese olor metálico en el aire. Permanece este cielo infinito. Se quedan los agricultores que saludan agradablemente a un desconocido fuera de lugar. Siguen tratando de sobrevivir en una economía que los tiene cultivando campos inmensos de trigo. Y una vez cada junio aquí estoy yo, comiéndome panes de trigo con arándanos y preguntándome qué significan estos campos para la vida en la Tierra.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Lonesome Lake</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250605_025704028-1024x768.jpg" alt="Sunset over Lonesome Lake." class="wp-image-5085" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250605_025704028-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250605_025704028-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250605_025704028-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250605_025704028.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">El atardecer sobre Lonesome Lake.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-58354ff5bf5a6d1829a209b7127ddd00">La noche anterior acampé al lado de Lonesome Lake—así se llama en inglés, la Laguna Solitaria—donde el trigo cede al humedal, donde miles de gaviotas de Franklin gritan mientras dan vueltas en el aire y aterrizan entre gallaretas americanas (<em>Fulica americana</em>) y patos coacoxtle (<em>Aythya valisineria</em>). Mientras observaba a estas gaviotas de la pradera pensé en mi abuela, como heredé su amor por las aves. No lo pensé mucho cuando ella aún estaba viva, pero ahora ver una nube de gaviotas o un barrizal lleno de aves playeras me hace pensar en ella, me conecta a cómo amó al mar y a toda la vida por sus orillas. Y aquí, al borde del trigo, las gaviotas de Franklin llevan el mar al verano de las Grandes Llanuras.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-ae465a583f89414fd451f69a1248c0e4">Mi abuela nació en 1924, cuando los gorriones alas blancas ya estaban perdiendo hábitat ante los campos de trigo pero antes de los tractores gigantes, antes de los insecticidas sintéticos, antes de que los agricultores tuvieran que hacer operaciones gigantes o caer en bancarrota. Durante la vida de mi abuela, aves de la pradera como los escribanos collar castaño decayeron vertiginosamente. Y tal como yo me como panes con arándanos, mi abuela se comía pan de trigo. La vida está llena de paradojas.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Panes con arándanos y campos de trigo</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="825" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/DSCN7545-1024x825.jpg" alt="A black-necked stilt forages at the edge of Lonesome Lake." class="wp-image-5086" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/DSCN7545-1024x825.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/DSCN7545-300x242.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/DSCN7545-768x619.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/DSCN7545.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Una monjita americana forrajea por un lado de Lonesome Lake.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-80917b48d9468936050b9b18f6b9325f">Por un lado del humedal, una parvada de monjitas americanas (<em>Himanthopus mexicanus</em>) está dando llamadas bruscas. La última vez que las escuché llamar así fue en Oaxaca este enero, entre los mangles en el borde del Océano Pacífico, pocos kilómetros lejos de <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2025/01/01/el-misterio-del-crepusculo/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">la milpa y los árboles frutales del abuelo Teo</a>. Allá la línea entre el campo y la naturaleza es mucho más suave, y el aire no tiene ese olor metálico. Tomo fotos de los campos de trigo para mostrárselas este invierno. Me imagino que va a tener curiosidad sobre un sistema de agricultura tan diferente, tan ajeno, tan industrial.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-4474ce68c90f37231580bb5b839cd8a1">Allá voy a comer tostadas de maíz de milpas cultivadas a mano por entre la selva. Tal vez va a cantar un tinamú canelo (<em>Cryturellus cinnamomeus</em>) al atardecer. Hay más de una sola manera de cultivar comida. Pero por ahora, subsisto con panes estériles de trigo con arándanos: soy una planicie de trigo que se extiende hasta el horizonte, hasta el borde de Lonesome Lake donde lloran las gaviotas de Franklin. La pradera ha desaparecido, pero siempre está tratando de entrar en los bordes.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Epílogo</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="839" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/637756500-1024x839.jpg" alt="A chestnut-collared longspur on territory in native prairie habitat." class="wp-image-5087" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/637756500-1024x839.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/637756500-300x246.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/637756500-768x629.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/637756500.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Un escribano collar castaño en su territorio reproductivo en un hábitat de pradera nativa.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-edea4d851b8f11a530abf6b100f08e0f"><em>Los escribanos collar castaño y escribanos pico grueso están entre las aves con los declives más empinados en Estados Unidos, según el reporte del <a href="https://www.stateofthebirds.org/2025/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Estado de las Aves de Estados Unidos en 2025</a>. Los dos han perdido mucho más del 50% de sus poblaciones en los últimos 50 años. A la vez, se han disminuido mucho las poblaciones del gorrión alas blancas a lo largo de su distribución. </em></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-db139aa3ca8238ef8e5441d4ff4d498d"><em>Así también con el gorrión de Baird (</em>Centronyx bairdii<em>)—una especie que Harriet Marble solía escuchar con regularidad en esta ruta, registrando más de una docena en los años pico de los 1990. Desde el 1998 en adelante, sin embargo, los gorriones de Baird han sido pocos o completamente ausentes en la ruta. </em></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-4719b3a1aade1987c66b8ccccb5b3768"><em>Sigue habiendo muchas preguntas sobre cómo el uso de los insecticidas y herbicidas afecta a las aves en lugares como el Condado de Chouteau. Sin embargo, las investigaciones que se han hecho hasta el momento señalan que las pérdidas continuas de la pradera ante la agricultura intensiva (en vez del uso de pesticidas en sí) son el mayor impulsor de los declives en las aves de la pradera. </em></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-54afa695cb2b78a257f5bd83c9181e03"><em>Estas pérdidas de la pradera también han afectado al área de Lonesome Lake. Reporta Harriet Marble que por muchos años los agricultores ponían algunos campos en el <a href="https://www.fsa.usda.gov/resources/programs/conservation-reserve-program" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Programa de Reservas para la Conservación</a>, que les paga para convertir los campos en pradera de nuevo, así conservando el suelo y el hábitat. Cerca de Lonesome Lake, el programa benefició a muchas aves de la pradera, pero las buenas noticias no continuaron. &#8220;Cuando se aumentó el precio del trigo, muchos agricultores dejaron el programa y araron el hábitat que una vez mantenía a tantos gorriones,&#8221; me escribió Harriet. </em></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-460c517687954fb0c2deb275ea1e2933"><em>Ante la desaparición de los campos que estaban en el Programa de Reservas para la Conservación, los números de las aves de la pradera tales como el escribano collar castaño y el gorrión sabanero se han disminuido bastante. Y desde 2021 en adelante, no he escuchado a ni un solo gorrión de Baird en la ruta.</em></p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Leer más</h3>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-407b652792b547d677deb8436116cc1a">Hill, J.M., Egan, J.F., Stauffer, G.E. &amp; Diefenbach, D.R. (2014). <strong>Habitat availability is a more plausible explanation than insecticide acute toxicity for U.S. grassland bird species declines</strong>. <em>PLOS One </em>9(5): e98064. <a href="https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0098064&amp;type=printable" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0098064&amp;type=printable</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-8f50b8a0e0d7d8c7b22f0df6c5fa0cac">North American Bird Conservation Initiative. (2025). <strong>The state of the birds, United States of America, 2025</strong>. <a href="https://www.stateofthebirds.org/2025/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.stateofthebirds.org/2025/</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-c9f7c89ee394bdbfcf9523240b1f410e">Rodríguez, V. &amp; Venegas. D. (2013, 12 de junio). <strong>El Conteo de Aves en Reproducción (Breeding Bird Surveys) en el Norte de México</strong>. Sonoran Joint Venture. <a href="https://sonoranjv.org/es/el-conteo-de-aves-en-reproduccion-breeding-bird-surveys-en-el-norte-de-mexico/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://sonoranjv.org/es/el-conteo-de-aves-en-reproduccion-breeding-bird-surveys-en-el-norte-de-mexico/</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-5cf296089ee56d274676bd0193adc3c6">Sater, S. (2025, 1 de enero). <strong>El misterio del crepúsculo: las aves y la agricultura sustentable</strong>. Wild With Nature. <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2025/01/01/el-misterio-del-crepusculo/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://wildwithnature.com/2025/01/01/el-misterio-del-crepusculo/</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-d0a95a080764a136d141ab85d36d0e95">United States Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center. (2022). <strong>BBS trends 1966-2022</strong>. <a href="https://eesc.usgs.gov/MBR/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://eesc.usgs.gov/MBR/</a></p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20230619_121556135-1024x768.jpg" alt="Veiny dock grows along the roadside." class="wp-image-5089" style="width:700px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20230619_121556135-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20230619_121556135-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20230619_121556135-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20230619_121556135.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Un parche de romaza crece al lado del camino. </figcaption></figure>
</div>

<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/DSCN2676-1024x768.jpg" alt="Wheat fields, Chouteau County, Montana." class="wp-image-5075" style="width:700px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/DSCN2676-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/DSCN2676-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/DSCN2676-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/DSCN2676-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/DSCN2676-2048x1536.jpg 2048w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Campos de trigo. <a href="https://www.montana.edu/extension/chouteau/agriculture/index.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">El Condado de Chouteau tiene la mayor producción de trigo de todos los condados de Montana</a>.</figcaption></figure>
</div><p>The post <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2025/07/01/trigo-industrial-aves-en-declive/">Aves en el trigo: la agricultura industrial y las aves en declive</a> appeared first on <a href="https://wildwithnature.com">Wild With Nature</a>.</p>
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