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	<title>Geothlypis trichas Archives - Wild With Nature</title>
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	<title>Geothlypis trichas Archives - Wild With Nature</title>
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	<item>
		<title>How to not find black-billed cuckoos</title>
		<link>https://wildwithnature.com/2025/08/01/how-to-not-find-black-billed-cuckoos/</link>
					<comments>https://wildwithnature.com/2025/08/01/how-to-not-find-black-billed-cuckoos/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Shane Sater]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 02 Aug 2025 05:28:56 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Birds]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[English-language stories]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Water]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ammodramus savannarum]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Asclepias speciosa]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Bromus inermis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Bubo virginianus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Catharus ustulatus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Coccyzus erythropthalmus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Contopus sordidulus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Dumetella carolinensis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Empidonax minimus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[euphorbia esula]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Geothlypis trichas]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Odocoileus virginianus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Pheucticus melanocephalus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Populus angustifolia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Populus deltoides]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Prunus virginiana]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Salix exigua]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Salpinctes obsoletus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sphyrapicus nuchalis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sturnella neglecta]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Troglodytes aedon]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Tyrannus tyrannus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://wildwithnature.com/?p=5051</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>June 8, 2025, Marias River, north-central Montana, USA. My headlamp lights up the deer trail ahead of me as I pick my way towards the [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2025/08/01/how-to-not-find-black-billed-cuckoos/">How to not find black-billed cuckoos</a> appeared first on <a href="https://wildwithnature.com">Wild With Nature</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<figure class="wp-block-image size-full is-resized"><a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2025/08/01/como-no-encontrar-a-un-cuclillo-pico-negro/"><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" width="706" height="181" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-en-2.jpg" alt="Bilingual nature podcast" class="wp-image-3486" style="width:auto;height:100px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-en-2.jpg 706w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-en-2-300x77.jpg 300w" sizes="(max-width: 706px) 100vw, 706px" /></a></figure>



<iframe data-testid="embed-iframe" style="border-radius:12px" src="https://open.spotify.com/embed/episode/5CV0QHuu1kvY76Xun3SuAB?utm_source=generator&#038;t=0" width="100%" height="152" frameBorder="0" allowfullscreen="" allow="autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; fullscreen; picture-in-picture" loading="lazy"></iframe>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_104520105-1024x768.jpg" alt="The Marias River badlands." class="wp-image-5054" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_104520105-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_104520105-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_104520105-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_104520105.jpg 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">The Marias River badlands.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-1cd3d865ecb8194ba23816a77e55d541 wp-block-paragraph"><em>June 8, 2025, Marias River, north-central Montana, USA.</em> My headlamp lights up the deer trail ahead of me as I pick my way towards the Marias River through the dark pre-dawn badlands. I generally prefer to walk without a light, but the terrain is rough here. And I wouldn’t want to trip over a rattlesnake. I stop where the trail descends steeply into a narrow gully, listening. I turn off my headlamp. Rock wrens (<em>Salpinctes obsoletus</em>) sing from the eroded shadows of clay around me. The first hint of light is touching the northeastern sky.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-e3f677c27ce669959134d70e1c11a892 wp-block-paragraph">It was the possibility of black-billed cuckoos (<em>Coccyzus erythropthalmus</em>) that brought me here, although I know the possibility is slim. In 2021, while Anna Fasoli was floating the river, she heard and recorded a singing cuckoo here. This is a bird that I’ve lived my whole life without encountering, a bird which a long-ago generation of nineteenth-century naturalists would observe descending on orchards in flocks to feed on caterpillars. Hardly anyone sees flocks of black-billed cuckoos now. Insecticides and habitat loss are thought to be to blame. To see a cuckoo at all, at least in Montana, is a rare encounter that takes a lot of effort, a lot of luck, or both. But the decline of black-billed cuckoos, like almost every aspect of their biology, remains shrouded in unknowns. And so here I am, listening to rock wrens in a dark badlands gully, bound for the river and imagining cuckoos.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">From the badlands to the cottonwoods</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_031953372-1024x768.jpg" alt="Grasshopper sparrow habitat above the Marias River badlands." class="wp-image-5055" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_031953372-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_031953372-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_031953372-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_031953372.jpg 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Grasshopper sparrow habitat above the Marias River badlands.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-cdc5e9cd55b29f2362cf8abdcd1f461b wp-block-paragraph">Last night, I camped high at the end of an access road on a wide bench above the badlands. Grasshopper sparrows (<em>Ammodramus savannarum</em>) serenaded me from unbroken grassland as I cooked ramen soup with milkweed (<em>Asclepias speciosa</em>) flower buds by headlamp over my little gas stove. Tiny biting midges tormented me, followed me into my car, and even managed to sneak into my tent.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-499e6c6bdd7c6b96d6b62f2ba98da36f wp-block-paragraph">I woke (reluctantly) at 4:00 am and was ready to go by 4:20—backpack, headlamp, snacks, birding gear, bear spray. And now rock wrens sing from the wrinkles of the badlands, and the cottonwood forest beckons below.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_111044641-1024x768.jpg" alt="American barn owl habitat? The old homestead." class="wp-image-5056" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_111044641-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_111044641-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_111044641-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_111044641.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">American barn owl habitat? The old homestead.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-2732a1ed9d43a9e358f234bb97b8a714 wp-block-paragraph">The northern house wrens (<em>Troglodytes aedon</em>) have begun singing by the time I reach the edge of the cottonwoods. A great horned owl (<em>Bubo virginianus</em>) hoots just once in the distance. The creatures of the night are giving way to the dawn chorus. An abandoned homestead weathers slowly into elegant oblivion at the edge of the trees. The shed sags to the north, defeated, but the old bones of the two-story house remain strong. I walk gingerly among fallen boards with rusty nails and peek inside, hoping wildly that an American barn owl (<em>Tyto furcata</em>) might be roosting. But all I find is a rusting box spring and an old galvanized wash tub. An eastern kingbird (<em>Tyrannus tyrannus</em>) gives his electrical call from a branch level with a gaping second-story window frame. The air is thick with stories.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_111316931-1024x768.jpg" alt="Looking back at the old homestead from the edge of the forest." class="wp-image-5058" style="width:700px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_111316931-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_111316931-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_111316931-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_111316931.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Looking back at the old homestead from the edge of the forest.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Habitat for black-billed cuckoos</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_113128906-1024x768.jpg" alt="A place for black-billed cuckoos? Chokecherry thickets in the cottonwood forest." class="wp-image-5057" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_113128906-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_113128906-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_113128906-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_113128906.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A place for black-billed cuckoos? Chokecherry thickets in the cottonwood forest.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-b31d1f680429d9c22a06a43cb4de8952 wp-block-paragraph">Continuing on, I pass a white-tailed deer (<em>Odocoileus virginianus</em>) bedded down with her spotted fawn. She watches me with mild concern and I veer far around, leaving them undisturbed.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-6f9ca11f5fac5885c8445fa81b58b0f9 wp-block-paragraph">I’m at the edge of a massive cottonwood stand now, old trees with fissured bark. Most are narrowleaf cottonwoods (<em>Populus angustifolia</em>), with some broader-leaved Plains cottonwoods (<em>Populus deltoides</em>) mixed in. An old, dry river oxbow curves through the trees, and in places along it there’s a nice understory of chokecherry (<em>Prunus virginiana</em>) thickets. A gray catbird (<em>Dumetella carolinensis</em>) sings as a migrating Swainson’s thrush (<em>Catharus ustulatus</em>) gives his harmonic whistles from the undergrowth. To my untrained eye, this looks like good black-billed cuckoo habitat, as I understand it: an extensive deciduous forest with a shrubby understory, far away from insecticides. But I hear no cuckoo.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Where are the cuckoos?</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_114614902-1024x768.jpg" alt="The sun rises over the cottonwood forest." class="wp-image-5059" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_114614902-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_114614902-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_114614902-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_114614902.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">The sun rises over the cottonwood forest.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-2394ae74b6e123de3c6c7e97f46ccfe3 wp-block-paragraph">Is it too early yet? Cuckoos arrive in Montana quite late in the spring, traveling from their poorly known South American winter range, apparently somewhere between Colombia, Venezuela, and Bolivia. <em>Birds of Montana</em> reports them showing up here in early to mid June—now, that is. Still, it seems to me that spring arrival dates for many birds have been a bit delayed this year. Perhaps the cuckoos just haven’t gotten here yet.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-bd08ed621c9939cee0c13882e5c96e05 wp-block-paragraph">Of course, there are other possibilities. The specter of declines and all that is unknown hangs over them. There’s a lot that is unknown. Where exactly do they spend the winter? What are the paths of their migrations? How do they find outbreaks of the tent caterpillars and cicadas they seem to be so fond of eating? And will they come back to the Marias River, where they sang in July 2021? I think about all of the things that have to go right for them to make it back. There are too many possible tragedies: insecticides, the loss of an important habitat somewhere in their annual journey, window collisions, outdoor cats…</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-253bef38b2c2dd6be52b46b87f769199 wp-block-paragraph">And then, of course, a cuckoo might be hiding in the chokecherry bush 15 feet away from me! If it’s not singing, I could very easily miss it.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">The forest</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_121452768-1024x768.jpg" alt="A patch of old cottonwoods within the forest." class="wp-image-5060" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_121452768-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_121452768-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_121452768-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_121452768-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_121452768-2048x1536.jpg 2048w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A patch of old cottonwoods within the forest.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-551da888c9377e0ba68a2aa44d2027f1 wp-block-paragraph">I continue walking. The forest stretches for hundreds of acres. In some patches the trees are big and old; closer to the river, I find middle-aged stands and young cottonwood saplings. In the distance, I hear a beaver slap its tail once, alarmed at something. Western wood-pewees (<em>Contopus sordidulus</em>) and least flycatchers (<em>Empidonax minimus</em>) sing from the canopy and I’m surprised to hear a few yellow-headed blackbirds (<em>Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus</em>) in the distance—evidently there is a wetland slough on the other side of the river.&nbsp;</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-9a00a236a7f6883bcff5ba00c48cabe8 wp-block-paragraph">I start wondering how I can manage a second visit, in case it&#8217;s still too early in the season for cuckoos.&nbsp;</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_122218696-1024x768.jpg" alt="Willows and still water along a river slough." class="wp-image-5065" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_122218696-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_122218696-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_122218696-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_122218696.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Willows and still water along a river slough.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-dfad6a60584004f85f5484d2e4d07983 wp-block-paragraph">A coyote slips away from me as I follow fresh deer tracks along a river meander with some moisture in the bottom, growing up with sandbar willows (<em>Salix exigua</em>). A common yellowthroat (<em>Geothlypis trichas</em>) sings.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">June exuberance</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_121539440-1024x768.jpg" alt="The cottonwood forest with an understory of smooth brome." class="wp-image-5064" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_121539440-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_121539440-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_121539440-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_121539440.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">The cottonwood forest with an understory of smooth brome.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-e0e1a380aef641a317aba748bf0d920f wp-block-paragraph">I find myself filled with gratitude that places like this still exist. A huge floodplain, a rich cottonwood habitat with multiple-aged trees, shrub patches, and wetlands. A home for many creatures, sculpted by floods and beavers, by cottonwood fluff on the June breeze, by a million relationships and interactions. It’s not pristine—the understory in many places is dominated by smooth brome (<em>Bromus inermis</em>), an invasive grass. And who knows if the cuckoos will come back. But in spite of everything, it’s bursting with life.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_122449153-1024x768.jpg" alt="At the edge of the Marias River." class="wp-image-5061" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_122449153-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_122449153-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_122449153-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_122449153.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">At the edge of the Marias River.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-276dbac394d4ece5c0a1485843afe244 wp-block-paragraph">I think about all the unfathomable generations of life on earth. All of this June exuberance, millions of years of it, hangs in the air. I try to imagine the sounds and happenings of early June on this land in the time of the dinosaurs, whose bones lie fossilized on these plains.&nbsp;</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Life goes on</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_130449838-1024x768.jpg" alt="A shrubby patch within the cottonwood forest." class="wp-image-5066" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_130449838-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_130449838-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_130449838-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_130449838.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A shrubby patch within the cottonwood forest.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-a8486fbfd0a8ba983f5360d1a2b9d856 wp-block-paragraph">It’s bittersweet comfort to me to think that if we follow the fate of the dinosaurs, as we seem so perilously hell-bent on doing, life in some permutation will continue here. The smooth brome that the land managers ignore and the <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2022/06/17/leafy-spurge-pollinators/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">leafy spurge (<em>Euphorbia esula</em>)</a> that they attack with herbicides will become part of the ecology of this place. With time, presumably, native insects will evolve to make greater use of these abundant new plants, these human introductions to the North American continent. The homestead will be long-gone, boards into dust, rusty nails buried beneath spring floods. Will the black-billed cuckoos come back? That is anyone’s guess.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-02228cd3583ab8b020160fce9a197d0f wp-block-paragraph">The drumming of a red-naped sapsucker (<em>Sphyrapicus nuchalis</em>) pulls me out of my extinction musings. He’s close but just out of sight. Then he flies into the cottonwood right next to me, playing the resonant wood of a dead branch. He makes me think of the sapsuckers in <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2025/04/01/journey-to-the-pileated-woodpeckers/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">the pileated woodpecker forest near Missoula</a>, how they drum so frequently when they first arrive in April but become almost silent by this time. Is this a sapsucker that hasn’t found a mate, still diligently tapping away on the woodpecker equivalent of Tinder? I wonder if, like in Missoula, the late-April soundscape here is filled with sapsucker drumming.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Listening for cuckoos</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="893" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/DSCN7625-1024x893.jpg" alt="The black-headed grosbeak." class="wp-image-5067" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/DSCN7625-1024x893.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/DSCN7625-300x262.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/DSCN7625-768x669.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/DSCN7625.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">The black-headed grosbeak.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-8fa90def66f7c11347d933aa9be2929d wp-block-paragraph">I continue listening for a black-billed cuckoo. Nothing. A male black-headed grosbeak (<em>Pheucticus melanocephalus</em>) sings from the very highest branch of a cottonwood, not hiding himself frustratingly in the foliage this time like they often do. For the cuckoos, some birders would bring a portable speaker and blast the <em>cucucu</em> song, trying to get a bird to respond. Outside of limited use for formal biological surveys, I prefer not to do that, so I’m just doing passive listening. If a cuckoo sings today, it will be because it wants to.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/DSCN7628-1024x768.jpg" alt="Wildfire smoke rolling in." class="wp-image-5068" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/DSCN7628-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/DSCN7628-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/DSCN7628-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/DSCN7628.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Wildfire smoke rolling in.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-ef1bd0ec3f7dac5bdc0357d6191e79c6 wp-block-paragraph">The morning is warming up and a breeze has started rustling the cottonwood leaves. Northern house wrens continue singing, and the distant whistles of the western meadowlarks (<em>Sturnella neglecta</em>) echo against the badlands. The air is getting a yellow tinge as smoke rolls in from the once-unheard-of spring wildfires that are raging once again across the Canadian boreal forest.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-bee94dce6ff08b52d065cf1457826315 wp-block-paragraph">No cuckoos. Some people might see it as a wasted morning: I went searching for something and didn’t find it. But I hope I get to waste many more mornings like this, contemplating millions of years of June exuberance along a wild river. And I hope the cuckoos come back.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">P.S. More about cuckoos!</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_152737897-1024x768.jpg" alt="The ribbon of cottonwood forest along the Marias River fades into smoke, surrounded by badlands." class="wp-image-5069" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_152737897-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_152737897-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_152737897-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_152737897.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">The ribbon of cottonwood forest along the Marias River fades into smoke, surrounded by badlands.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-b37bce4d136ba2e3b916328f65f959bc wp-block-paragraph">I am delighted to announce that in the upcoming months I&#8217;ll be sharing a second story about the mysterious lives of cuckoos featuring Anna Kurtin, who recently completed her Master&#8217;s degree in Wildlife Biology at the University of Montana. Anna has spent the past three years learning about black-billed cuckoos, effective ways of studying them, and which habitats they use in Montana. I&#8217;m excited to delve more deeply into cuckoo biology with her. Stay tuned!</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">More resources</h3>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-dd250ec0d85b52b2e0999b93c71c2525 wp-block-paragraph">eBird Basic Dataset. Version: EBD_relJun-2025. Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY. June 2025. </p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-32ae7721ecd7f6d032b884dfffe0114d wp-block-paragraph">Hughes, J.M. (2020). Black-billed cuckoo (<em>Coccyzus erythropthalmus</em>), version 1.0.&nbsp;<em>In</em>&nbsp;Birds of the World (A.F. Poole, editor). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA.&nbsp;<a href="https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkbcuc/cur/introduction">https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkbcuc/cur/introduction</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-937b56c186a07c32848fd5c25191a54f wp-block-paragraph">Marks, J.S., Hendricks, P. &amp; Casey, D. (2016). <em>Birds of Montana</em>. Arrington, VA: Buteo Books.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"></p>
<p>The post <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2025/08/01/how-to-not-find-black-billed-cuckoos/">How to not find black-billed cuckoos</a> appeared first on <a href="https://wildwithnature.com">Wild With Nature</a>.</p>
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		<title>Cómo no encontrar a un cuclillo pico negro</title>
		<link>https://wildwithnature.com/2025/08/01/como-no-encontrar-a-un-cuclillo-pico-negro/</link>
					<comments>https://wildwithnature.com/2025/08/01/como-no-encontrar-a-un-cuclillo-pico-negro/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Shane Sater]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 02 Aug 2025 05:26:58 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Agua]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Aves]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Historias en español]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Plantas]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ammodramus savannarum]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Asclepias speciosa]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Bromus inermis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Bubo virginianus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Catharus ustulatus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Coccyzus erythropthalmus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Contopus sordidulus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Dumetella carolinensis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Empidonax minimus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[euphorbia esula]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Geothlypis trichas]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Odocoileus virginianus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Pheucticus melanocephalus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Populus angustifolia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Populus deltoides]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Prunus virginiana]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Salix exigua]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Salpinctes obsoletus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sphyrapicus nuchalis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sturnella neglecta]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Troglodytes aedon]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Tyrannus tyrannus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://wildwithnature.com/?p=5106</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>8 de junio de 2025, Río Marias en la región norte central de Montana, EU. Mi linterna ilumina el sendero de los venados mientras camino [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2025/08/01/como-no-encontrar-a-un-cuclillo-pico-negro/">Cómo no encontrar a un cuclillo pico negro</a> appeared first on <a href="https://wildwithnature.com">Wild With Nature</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<figure class="wp-block-image size-full is-resized"><a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2025/08/01/how-to-not-find-black-billed-cuckoos/"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="734" height="188" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-es-2.jpg" alt="Podcast bilingüe de la naturaleza" class="wp-image-3489" style="width:auto;height:100px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-es-2.jpg 734w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-es-2-300x77.jpg 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 734px) 100vw, 734px" /></a></figure>



<iframe data-testid="embed-iframe" style="border-radius:12px" src="https://open.spotify.com/embed/episode/3l6dSozoauCmnXB1MW2Vlt?utm_source=generator&#038;t=0" width="100%" height="152" frameBorder="0" allowfullscreen="" allow="autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; fullscreen; picture-in-picture" loading="lazy"></iframe>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_104520105-1024x768.jpg" alt="The Marias River badlands." class="wp-image-5054" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_104520105-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_104520105-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_104520105-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_104520105.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Las badlands arriba del Río Marias.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-ab3cceece68b9a9fb46f9c27aa09e4f5 wp-block-paragraph"><em>8 de junio de 2025, Río Marias en la región norte central de Montana, EU.</em> Mi linterna ilumina el sendero de los venados mientras camino despacio hacia el Río Marias a través de las tierras erosionadas que se llaman <em>badlands.</em> Aún no llega el amanecer. Por lo general me gusta caminar sin linterna, pero el terreno aquí es quebrado. Y no quisiera tropezar con un cascabel. Me paro donde el sendero desciende abruptamente hacia una quebrada estrecha, escuchando. Apago la linterna. Los saltaparedes de rocas (<em>Salpinctes obsoletus</em>) cantan desde las sombras erosionadas de arcilla. La primera sugerencia de luz solar está tocando el cielo al nordeste.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-449435cdb6371e9110a82379083a85a0 wp-block-paragraph">Fue la posibilidad de un cuclillo pico negro (<em>Coccyzus erythropthalmus</em>) que me trajo hasta aquí, aunque sé que es una pequeña posibilidad. En 2021, mientras Anna Fasoli andaba en kayak por el río, escuchó y grabó un cuclillo pico negro cantando aquí. Esto es un ave que he pasado toda la vida sin encontrar, un ave que una antigua generación de naturalistas del siglo diecinueve observaba descendiendo en los huertos frutales en parvadas para alimentarse de orugas.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-87846add384eef7d02a6665159d5d204 wp-block-paragraph">Ya casi nadie ve una parvada de cuclillos pico negro. Se piensa que los insecticidas y las pérdidas de hábitat tienen la culpa por su declive. Ver a tan solo un cuclillo, en Montana por lo menos, ya es algo raro que requiere mucho esfuerzo, mucha suerte o las dos cosas. Pero el declive de los cuclillos pico negro, como casi todos los aspectos de su biología, permanece mal entendido. Y así es que estoy aquí, escuchando a saltaparedes de rocas en una quebrada oscura dentro de las <em>badlands</em>, rumbo al río e imaginando cuclillos.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">De la pradera a las <em>badlands</em></h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_031953372-1024x768.jpg" alt="Grasshopper sparrow habitat above the Marias River badlands." class="wp-image-5055" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_031953372-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_031953372-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_031953372-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_031953372.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">El hábitat de los gorriones chapulín arriba de las badlands del Río Marias. </figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-8987258c48d4e3d5ad792f8b6c377741 wp-block-paragraph">Anoche acampé al final de un camino no pavimentado, alto en la pradera arriba de las <em>badlands</em>. Los gorriones chapulín (<em>Ammodramus savannarum</em>) me hicieron una serenata desde los zacates extensos mientras cocinaba un ramen con brotes florales de algodoncillo (<em>Asclepias speciosa</em>), iluminando mi pequeña estufa de gas con mi linterna. Unos jejenes diminutos me molestaron, me siguieron hasta el carro e incluso lograron entrar en mi casa de acampar. </p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-4b58d96c34fe32878729b10996af241c wp-block-paragraph">Me desperté (queriendo seguir durmiendo) a las 4:00 am y estaba listo para las 4:20—mochila, linterna, lonche, equipo para observar aves, gas pimienta por si me topara con un oso. Y ahora los saltaparedes de rocas cantan desde las arrugas de las <em>badlands</em> y el bosque de álamo por abajo me llama adelante.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Los álamos</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_111044641-1024x768.jpg" alt="American barn owl habitat? The old homestead." class="wp-image-5056" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_111044641-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_111044641-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_111044641-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_111044641.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">¿El hábitat de una lechuza americana? La vieja finca. </figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-0707923abd3c0e1c110809aa80d1f311 wp-block-paragraph">Los saltaparedes comunes norteños (<em>Troglodytes aedon</em>) han empezado a cantar cuando llego al borde de los álamos. Un búho cornudo (<em>Bubo virginianus</em>) ulula una sola vez en la distancia. Las criaturas de la noche están cediendo el escenario al coro del amanecer. La casa de una finca abandonada se desgasta poco a poco hacia un olvido elegante en el borde del bosque. La caseta derrotada se hunde hacia el norte, pero los viejos huesos de la casa de dos pisos se mantienen firmes. </p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-8f392c255e22c4b2108a4a3b59de0a97 wp-block-paragraph">Camino con precaución entre tablas caídas con clavos oxidados y echo un vistazo al interior, esperando sin mucha confianza encontrar a una lechuza americana (<em>Tyto furcata</em>) durmiendo adentro. Pero todo lo que encuentro es un antiguo colchón con resortes y una tina de lámina galvanizada. Un tirano dorso negro (<em>Tyrannus tyrannus</em>) da su llamada eléctrica desde una rama al lado del hueco en el segundo piso donde había una ventana. El aire está espeso con historias.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_111316931-1024x768.jpg" alt="Looking back at the old homestead from the edge of the forest." class="wp-image-5058" style="width:700px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_111316931-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_111316931-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_111316931-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_111316931.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">La vista hacia la finca abandonada desde el borde del bosque. </figcaption></figure>
</div>


<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Un hábitat para los cuclillos pico negro</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_113128906-1024x768.jpg" alt="A place for black-billed cuckoos? Chokecherry thickets in the cottonwood forest." class="wp-image-5057" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_113128906-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_113128906-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_113128906-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_113128906.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">¿Un buen hábitat para cuclillos pico negro? Los cerezos silvestres en el bosque de álamo.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-567eaa2436efd018772eb2c165572dac wp-block-paragraph">Siguiendo adelante, encuentro a una venada cola blanca (<em>Odocoileus virginianus</em>) descansando con su cría moteada. Me mira con leve inquietud y tomo una larga desviación, dejándolos sin molestarlos.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-d9f3ca0c4eaa86e63b46bfd7eab2ef67 wp-block-paragraph">Ahora estoy entrando en una sección de álamos masivos, árboles viejos con la corteza fisurada. La mayoría son álamos de hojas delgadas (<em>Populus angustifolia</em>), mezclados con algunos alamillos (<em>Populus deltoides</em>). Un viejo meandro abandonado del río curva a través de los árboles, y aquí están unos parches de cerezos silvestres (<em>Prunus virginiana</em>) por abajo. Un maullador gris (<em>Dumetella carolinensis</em>) canta mientras un zorzal de anteojos (<em>Catharus ustulatus</em>) haciendo escala en su migración da silbidos armónicos desde los arbustos. A mis ojos inexpertos les parece que podría ser un buen hábitat para un cuclillo pico negro así como lo entiendo: un bosque caducifolio extenso con arbustos por abajo, lejos de los insecticidas. Pero no escucho a ningún cuclillo.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">¿Dónde están los cuclillos?</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_114614902-1024x768.jpg" alt="The sun rises over the cottonwood forest." class="wp-image-5059" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_114614902-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_114614902-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_114614902-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_114614902.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">El sol sale sobre el bosque de álamo.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-a0f7ea79168eebd05b9f885ce68072b0 wp-block-paragraph">¿Aún es demasiado temprano en la temporada? Los cuclillos pico negro llegan a Montana relativamente tarde en la primavera, viajando desde sus tierras invernales en Sudamérica. Su exacta invernal todavía no se conoce muy bien, pero aparentemente está por la región entre Colombia, Venezuela y Bolivia. El libro <em>Birds of Montana</em> reporta que suelen llegan entre el comienzo de junio y mediados del mes—ahora, es decir. Pero aun así, me parece que las primeras fechas de las llegadas primaverales de muchas especies de aves han sido un poco tardadas este año. A lo mejor a los cuclillos aún les falta llegar.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-bf4cc1d0cb93b28bded71daa2e294263 wp-block-paragraph">Desde luego hay otras posibilidades. El espectro de declives y todo lo que aún no se sabe cuelga sobre los cuclillos. Y hay muchísimo que no se sabe. ¿Dónde precisamente pasan el invierno? ¿Cuáles son sus rutas de migración? ¿Cómo encuentran las concentraciones de orugas peludas y cigarras que al parecer les gusta mucho cazar? Y ¿van a regresar al Río Marias, donde cantaban en julio de 2021? Pienso en todas las cosas que tienen que irles bien para que regresen. Hay demasiadas tragedias posibles: insecticidas, la pérdida de algún hábitat importante en algún tramo de su viaje anual, colisiones con ventanas, gatos al aire libre&#8230;</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-8d01237d8df6415273b3472fb6f8bbb5 wp-block-paragraph">Y bueno, ¡también podría haber un cuclillo en los cerezos silvestres a cinco metros de mí! Si no cantara, fácilmente podría pasarlo por alto. </p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">El bosque</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_121452768-1024x768.jpg" alt="A patch of old cottonwoods within the forest." class="wp-image-5060" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_121452768-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_121452768-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_121452768-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_121452768-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_121452768-2048x1536.jpg 2048w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Un parche de álamos viejos dentro del bosque.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-8f0e8ba55cfde3d92ba47902a356a7fc wp-block-paragraph">Sigo caminando. El bosque se extiende por cientos de hectáreas. En algunos parches los árboles son grandes y viejos; más cerca del río, encuentro áreas con árboles de mediana edad y alamocitos jóvenes. En la distancia escucho a un castor golpear su cola contra el agua una vez, alarmado por algo. Varios papamoscas del oeste (<em>Contopus sordidulus</em>) y unos papamoscas chicos (<em>Empidonax minimus</em>) cantan desde el dosel. Me sorprende escuchar a unos tordos cabeza amarilla (<em>Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus</em>) en la distancia. Es una especie de los humedales—evidentemente los meandros del río dejaron un pantano por alguna parte.&nbsp;</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_122218696-1024x768.jpg" alt="Willows and still water along a river slough." class="wp-image-5065" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_122218696-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_122218696-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_122218696-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_122218696.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Los sauces y un poco de agua en un meandro abandonado del río. </figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-88cb5e588322f9f3fc1b76e411a29aec wp-block-paragraph">Empiezo a preguntarme cómo puedo hacer una segunda visita, en caso de que todavía sea demasiado temprano para los cuclillos. </p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-6776c09cc8e93f34ac8c09407d5c7809 wp-block-paragraph">Un coyote se aleja sigilosamente de mí mientras sigo unas huellas recientes de los venados. Me guían a través de un meandro del río que aún tiene un poco de agua, creciendo con sauces (<em>Salix exigua</em>). Una mascarita común (<em>Geothlypis trichas</em>) canta.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">La exuberancia de junio</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_121539440-1024x768.jpg" alt="The cottonwood forest with an understory of smooth brome." class="wp-image-5064" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_121539440-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_121539440-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_121539440-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_121539440.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">El bosque de álamo con una capa baja dominada por el bromo suave, una planta invasora.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-0d32366a19e2ce6130182c3f83fb5757 wp-block-paragraph">Me siento muy agradecido que todavía existan lugares como esto. Una zona inundable enorme, un hábitat rico con álamos de varias edades, parches de arbustos y humedales pequeños. Un hogar para muchas criaturas, esculpido por inundaciones y castores, por la seda de los álamos en el viento de junio, por un millón de relaciones e interacciones. Pues no es inmaculado—por muchas partes la capa baja esta dominada por el bromo suave (<em>Bromus inermis</em>), una gramínea invasora. Y quién sabe si los cuclillos vayan a volver. Pero a pesar de todo, está lleno de vida. </p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_122449153-1024x768.jpg" alt="At the edge of the Marias River." class="wp-image-5061" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_122449153-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_122449153-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_122449153-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_122449153.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">En la orilla del Río Marias. </figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-54127b6b642e5c6305773b5781c263c9 wp-block-paragraph">Pienso en todas las generaciones incontables de la vida en la tierra. Toda esta exuberancia de junio, millones de años de ella, está en el aire. Me pregunto cómo eran los sonidos y acontecimientos de esta parte de junio en esta tierra en el tiempo de los dinosaurios, cuyos huesos descansan en estas llanuras.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">La vida sigue</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_130449838-1024x768.jpg" alt="A shrubby patch within the cottonwood forest." class="wp-image-5066" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_130449838-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_130449838-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_130449838-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_130449838.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Un parche de arbustos dentro del bosque de álamo.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-e9bbc07e846e8b5d08e88a9835dd79ad wp-block-paragraph">Para mí es un consuelo agridulce pensar que si seguimos el destino de los dinosaurios, como al parecer estamos peligrosamente resueltos a hacer, pues aquí la vida en alguna forma va a seguir. El bromo suave que los encargados de cuidar las tierras públicas ignoran y la ésula (<em>Euphorbia esula</em>) que fumigan con herbicidas van a volverse parte de la ecología de este lugar. Presuntamente con el tiempo los insectos nativos van a evolucionar para utilizar más a estas nuevas plantas abundantes, estas introducciones humanas al continente americano. La finca va a haber desaparecido por completo. Tablas a polvo, clavos oxidados enterrados bajo las inundaciones de la primavera. ¿Van a regresar los cuclillos pico negro? Quién sabe.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-91cba3a9d6f6eb8a61126aae968c2000 wp-block-paragraph">El tamborileo de un carpintero nuca roja (<em>Sphyrapicus nuchalis</em>) me distrae de mis pensamientos sobre la extinción. Está cerca pero no lo puedo ver. Entonces vuela al álamo justo a mi lado, tocando la madera resonante de una rama seca. Me hace pensar en los carpinteros nuca roja en <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2025/04/01/viaje-hacia-picamaderos-norteamericanos/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">el bosque de los picamaderos</a> cerca de Missoula. Tamborilean con mucha frecuencia cuando primero llegan en abril pero al llegar a junio están casi completamente callados. ¿Es este un carpintero que no ha encontrado pareja, aún golpeteando cada rato en lo que es básicamente Tinder para carpinteros? Me pregunto si aquí, tal como en Missoula, la banda sonora a finales de abril está llena del tamborileo de muchos carpinteros.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Buscando a un cuclillo</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="893" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/DSCN7625-1024x893.jpg" alt="The black-headed grosbeak." class="wp-image-5067" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/DSCN7625-1024x893.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/DSCN7625-300x262.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/DSCN7625-768x669.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/DSCN7625.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">El picogordo tigrillo.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-1f4b23b0575c836b63a319eaef0129b9 wp-block-paragraph">Sigo atento por si escucho a un cuclillo pico negro. Nada. Un picogordo tigrillo (<em>Pheucticus melanocephalus</em>) macho canta desde la rama más alta de un álamo, sin esconderse entre las hojas de manera irritante como suelen hacer. Para encontrar un cuclillo, algunos pajareros traerían una bocina y tocarían su canto <em>cucucú</em>, tratando de hacer que respondiera el ave. Fuera de unos usos muy limitados para investigaciones biológicas formales, no me gusta estorbar a las aves así. Es por eso que sólo estoy escuchando pasivamente. Si un cuclillo canta hoy, será porque quiere.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/DSCN7628-1024x768.jpg" alt="Wildfire smoke rolling in." class="wp-image-5068" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/DSCN7628-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/DSCN7628-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/DSCN7628-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/DSCN7628.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">La humarada de los incendios forestales viene llegando.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-647f924c4b7d05bb15dbeb40563ac7c4 wp-block-paragraph">La mañana se está poniendo calurosa y una brisa ha empezado a hacer temblar a las hojas de los álamos. Los saltaparedes comunes norteños siguen cantando. Los silbidos distantes de los praderos del oeste (<em>Sturnella neglecta</em>) hacen eco contra las <em>badlands</em>. El aire está agarrando un tinte amarillo mientras viene llegando la humarada de los incendios forestales de la primavera que hacía unos años eran insólitos y ya están arrasando de nuevo a través del bosque boreal canadiense.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-6e3d8116d56c27b35241582e4872a221 wp-block-paragraph">No he encontrado a cuclillos. Algunas personas lo podrían percibir como una mañana malgastada: fui buscando algo y no lo encontré. Pero espero que tenga la bendición de malgastar muchas mañanas más así, contemplando millones de años de la exuberancia de junio al lado de un río salvaje. Y espero que los cuclillos vuelvan.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">P.D. ¡Más sobre los cuclillos!</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_152737897-1024x768.jpg" alt="The ribbon of cottonwood forest along the Marias River fades into smoke, surrounded by badlands." class="wp-image-5069" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_152737897-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_152737897-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_152737897-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_152737897.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">La línea de bosque de álamo que sigue el Río Marias se desvanece en la humarada, rodeada por las <em>badlands</em>.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-a856f2e4d38042146d2fcb964ac66d6b wp-block-paragraph">Me da mucho gusto anunciar que en los meses que vienen voy a compartir una segunda historia sobre las vidas misteriosas de los cuclillos con Anna Kurtin, que recién se graduó en maestría de biología de fauna silvestre en la Universidad de Montana. Anna ha pasado los últimos tres años aprendiendo de los cuclillos pico negro, cómo estudiarlos eficazmente y cuáles hábitats utilizan en Montana. Estoy emocionado para profundizar más en la biología de los cuclillos con ella. ¡Hasta entonces!</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Leer más</h3>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-618f099dd88b2012ba47c45d80048975 wp-block-paragraph">eBird Base de Datos Básica. Versión: EBD_relJun-2025. Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, EU. Junio de 2025. </p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-177621734623a2a588f994b8a4c685c8 wp-block-paragraph">Hughes, J.M. (2020). Black-billed cuckoo (<em>Coccyzus erythropthalmus</em>), versión 1.0.&nbsp;<em>En</em>&nbsp;Birds of the World (A.F. Poole, editor). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, EU.&nbsp;<a href="https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkbcuc/cur/introduction">https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkbcuc/cur/introduction</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-ad975f87a0dc3aa1522833713a5f853d wp-block-paragraph">Marks, J.S., Hendricks, P. &amp; Casey, D. (2016). <em>Birds of Montana</em>. Arrington, VA, EU: Buteo Books.</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2025/08/01/como-no-encontrar-a-un-cuclillo-pico-negro/">Cómo no encontrar a un cuclillo pico negro</a> appeared first on <a href="https://wildwithnature.com">Wild With Nature</a>.</p>
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		<item>
		<title>Of bitterns and bank swallows: Lake Helena, part 2</title>
		<link>https://wildwithnature.com/2024/08/01/bitterns-bank-swallows/</link>
					<comments>https://wildwithnature.com/2024/08/01/bitterns-bank-swallows/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Shane Sater]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 01 Aug 2024 18:35:08 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Birds]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[English-language stories]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Insects]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Plants]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Water]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Actitis macularius]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Agelaius phoeniceus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[birdsong]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Botaurus lentiginosus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Calidris mauri]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Charadrius vociferus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Chordeiles minor]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Cistothorus palustris]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Dolichopodidae]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Gallinago delicata]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Geothlypis trichas]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[habitat]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Lake Helena]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Limenitis archippus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Limnodromus scolopaceus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Limosa fedoa]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[migration]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Montana Audubon]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Pelecanus erythrorhynchus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Phalaropus tricolor]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Rallus limicola]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Recurvirostra americana]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Riparia riparia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Salix exigua]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Syrphidae]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Verbena hastata]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://wildwithnature.com/?p=4361</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>This story is the second in a series about Lake Helena and getting to know a place in nature over time. If you haven’t heard [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2024/08/01/bitterns-bank-swallows/">Of bitterns and bank swallows: Lake Helena, part 2</a> appeared first on <a href="https://wildwithnature.com">Wild With Nature</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<figure class="wp-block-image size-full is-resized"><a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2024/08/01/avetoros-golondrinas-riberenas/"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="706" height="181" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-en-2.jpg" alt="Bilingual nature podcast" class="wp-image-3486" style="width:auto;height:100px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-en-2.jpg 706w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-en-2-300x77.jpg 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 706px) 100vw, 706px" /></a></figure>



<iframe style="border-radius:12px" src="https://open.spotify.com/embed/episode/5LEgH3uV3xkIzNgZTjN3cJ?utm_source=generator&#038;t=0" width="100%" height="152" frameBorder="0" allowfullscreen="" allow="autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; fullscreen; picture-in-picture" loading="lazy"></iframe>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-d5e256ab8ed77ef9809ad2558574fde1 wp-block-paragraph"><em>This story is the second in a series about Lake Helena and getting to know a place in nature over time. If you haven’t heard <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2024/07/01/lake-helena-shorebirds/">last month’s installment, you can start there</a>… or just jump in here!</em></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-1a9b35dbcee6a826a357740afd142ef9 wp-block-paragraph">It’s a night in late June at a cattail marsh along Montana’s Rocky Mountain Front. The sun set more than an hour ago, and the pale, peachy afterglow has faded to blue over the backbone of the mountains. The marsh and the dark sky above it are filled with the calls and strange winnowing sounds of a dozen Wilson’s snipes (<em>Gallinago delicata</em>). And then, from somewhere deep in the marsh, we hear it again, that strange, deep gulping sound, <em>wump–CATchum! wump–CATchum!</em>: the distinctive call of an American bittern (<em>Botaurus lentiginosus</em>).&nbsp;</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/WillowCrRes_sunrise-1024x768.jpg" alt="Pre-dawn along the Rocky Mountain Front." class="wp-image-4367" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/WillowCrRes_sunrise-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/WillowCrRes_sunrise-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/WillowCrRes_sunrise-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/WillowCrRes_sunrise.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Pre-dawn along the Rocky Mountain Front.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-70e8ac2e75c068d1753017e022d7b96f wp-block-paragraph">The American bittern is a secretive heron of dense marshes, uncommonly observed in Montana, and this is the first time that anyone has reported one in this marsh. We hear the bittern calling for roughly half an hour as the sun’s last glow fades away. The next morning we hear it once again in the pre-dawn hours, starting up around 4:20 am and continuing for roughly 40 minutes. Before sunrise arrives, though, it’s become silent, a ghost of a bird hiding in the wetland.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Bitterns at Lake Helena?</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/29Jun_LakeHelena1-1024x768.jpg" alt="Listening for bitterns before dawn at Lake Helena." class="wp-image-4368" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/29Jun_LakeHelena1-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/29Jun_LakeHelena1-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/29Jun_LakeHelena1-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/29Jun_LakeHelena1-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/29Jun_LakeHelena1.jpg 2000w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Listening for bitterns before dawn at Lake Helena.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-b818f598ebe7d2bc44f13c5a4e179730 wp-block-paragraph"><em>If a bittern is living here among these cattails, </em>I ask myself, <em>why not at Lake Helena, 64 miles away? </em>The cattail marshes are even more extensive there. And so, four days later, I arrive at Lake Helena at 4:00 am to listen for bitterns.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-4d003ca273bbceebb3bfa8b672f7295f wp-block-paragraph">It’s a chilly, still morning with skeins of mist rising from the lake. I’m standing in waders at the edge of the cattail marsh, cupping my hands over my ears and listening intently. I can hear the clear <em>wichety wichety wichety </em>of the common yellowthroats (<em>Geothlypis trichas</em>) and the chatter of the marsh wrens (<em>Cistothorus palustris</em>). A Wilson’s snipe winnows in the distance. From time to time, I hear splashes and sounds I don’t recognize from the marsh—but no bittern.&nbsp;</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-24ff37d59372631f28487d223f0dc891 wp-block-paragraph">A waning crescent moon is high in the southeastern sky and the mountains are black silhouettes in the distance. I’ve listened for an hour now—still no bittern. I’m getting cold. If a bittern was calling, I’m pretty sure I would have heard it. Later, I read that bitterns most often call early in the breeding season. Are there bitterns hiding in this marsh, silent now at the end of June?</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">July in the marsh</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/12Jul_LakeHelena3-1024x768.jpg" alt="Pre-dawn sky at Lake Helena, July 12." class="wp-image-4370" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/12Jul_LakeHelena3-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/12Jul_LakeHelena3-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/12Jul_LakeHelena3-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/12Jul_LakeHelena3.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Pre-dawn sky at Lake Helena, July 12.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-243cccb1416fd83502f073cf76109741 wp-block-paragraph">I return to Lake Helena a week and a half later by kayak, arriving before sunrise on July 12. As I drift slowly through the morning darkness, I’m greeted by a cacophony in the marsh. It’s a roaring buzz, notable from hundreds of yards away. It sounds like the cattails are hosting a convention of miniature chainsaws. But as I get closer, what I find isn’t what I had been expecting, a conglomeration of red-winged blackbirds (<em>Agelaius phoeniceus</em>) or marsh wrens. Instead, it’s a massive group of bank swallows (<em>Riparia riparia</em>), easily a hundred of them, perhaps several times that many.&nbsp;</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-631c2c5bf87b1f45920153124f97208c wp-block-paragraph">Immediately I have a suspicion about what I’m seeing. A nearby bank swallow colony has fledged, I think, and the year’s profusion of fledglings have moved on from the vertical earth bank where they spent the first three or four weeks of their life. As they forage and get ready for migration, the marsh is a safe haven for them to stop and roost for the night.&nbsp;</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Swallows and nighthawks</h3>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-792590e55d176363862dc1743579976e wp-block-paragraph">The pre-dawn sky is pinkish-gray with haze from the Horse Gulch Fire, which started a few days ago in the mountains to the east and has already grown to over 7500 acres. Suddenly, at 5:27 am, the bank swallow flock erupts from the marsh without warning. A swirling cloud of noisy swallows circles over my kayak just long enough for me to snap a photo and estimate that there are at least 250 of them. And then they’re gone, scattering over the lake.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/BANS1-1024x768.jpg" alt="The bank swallow flock in flight." class="wp-image-4371" style="object-fit:cover" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/BANS1-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/BANS1-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/BANS1-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/BANS1.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">The bank swallow flock in flight.</figcaption></figure>
</div>

<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="795" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/coni-1024x795.jpg" alt="Common nighthawk in flight." class="wp-image-4372" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/coni-1024x795.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/coni-300x233.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/coni-768x596.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/coni-1536x1192.jpg 1536w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/coni.jpg 1800w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Common nighthawk in flight.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-f238ce3537cb2e748f1dd528655abdc6 wp-block-paragraph">As I continue to drift slowly onwards at the edge of the marsh, I think about all of the stories of the birds and other animals that use this place throughout the year. I wonder how many of these stories I haven’t even imagined. On June 19, 2023, <a href="https://ebird.org/checklist/S142140239" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Logan Kahle was at Lake Helena in the evening</a> and observed an astounding 680 common nighthawks (<em>Chordeiles minor</em>) flying over the water, where they were presumably foraging.&nbsp;</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-e1ab76aa9580f65411f864bb9313f998 wp-block-paragraph">“This was a bare minimum estimate, made in a single scan counting by 20s,” he wrote. “I have viewed many amazing nighthawk spectacles over reservoirs in the Great Basin, but this may have been the craziest.”</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Marsh wrens and marbled godwits</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="889" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/mawr-1024x889.jpg" alt="Begging juvenile marsh wrens." class="wp-image-4373" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/mawr-1024x889.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/mawr-300x261.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/mawr-768x667.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/mawr.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Begging juvenile marsh wrens.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-4700e3762980e7b1a9fe721bffc2455f wp-block-paragraph">Presumably Logan had no idea that evening that he would see such a massive group of nighthawks over the lake. Nor did I set out this morning with any inkling that there would be hundreds of bank swallows roosting in the marsh. Often, the most amazing moments in nature just happen, unexpected.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8202-1024x768.jpg" alt="Marbled godwits take a drink at the delta." class="wp-image-4382" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8202-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8202-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8202-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8202.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Marbled godwits take a drink at the delta.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-350eedd382dd8af0884010421cf43de4 wp-block-paragraph">As the sun rises smoky orange over the mountains, I watch a group of three juvenile marsh wrens who give high-pitched begging calls from the edge of the wetland. They still have tufts of downy feathers on their heads, giving me the impression that they only recently got up out of bed and didn’t comb themselves. One of their parents is working overtime to stuff them with insects, hunting diligently for prey among the mud at the edge of the cattail forest.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-598efcbc8bec2207da110d797314841e wp-block-paragraph">At the Prickly Pear Creek delta, the swamp verbena (<em>Verbena hastata</em>) is blooming, rich purple spikes against the green of the marsh. A flock of marbled godwits (<em>Limosa fedoa</em>) is circling low over the sandbar, calling. Finally they land there, gull-sized shorebirds with gently swooping, pale orange bills. They dip their bills in the shallow water and tilt their heads up, drinking.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Hot morning at the delta</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8190-1024x768.jpg" alt="A killdeer perches at the edge of a mudflat." class="wp-image-4381" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8190-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8190-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8190-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8190.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A killdeer perches at the edge of a mudflat.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-ff7f188e651c42c70bc71f0fa4a28770 wp-block-paragraph">The morning sun is fierce now, its intensity increased by the water’s reflection. Most of the shorebirds at the delta today are species that nest here: spotted sandpipers (<em>Actitis macularius</em>), killdeer (<em>Charadrius vociferus</em>), and dozens of Wilson’s phalaropes (<em>Phalaropus tricolor</em>). An impressive flock of 70 American avocets (<em>Recurvirostra americana</em>) flies over but doesn’t land.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-2095636c4e59b9b97c1249a455f0499e wp-block-paragraph">But even though “summer” only began a few weeks ago on the human calendar, and <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2024/07/01/lake-helena-shorebirds/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">the May shorebirds that used these sandbars in their northbound migration towards the Arctic</a> are still a recent memory, the mosaic is already shifting. The marbled godwits—shorebirds which breed in Montana but not, as far as I know, in this urbanized valley—are one of the first hints that fall shorebird migration is already starting. But they’re not alone.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Fall shorebird migration</h3>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-bf2fb8c8ae1f960719aff44326d5d3dc wp-block-paragraph">As the morning heats up and the roar of Helena Valley traffic echoes through the soundscape, punctuated by the sounds of red-winged blackbirds and a few other species, the shallow water at the delta is full of foraging shorebirds. Here, alongside the Wilson’s phalaropes, I count nine long-billed dowitchers (<em>Limnodromus scolopaceus</em>) and four western sandpipers (<em>Calidris mauri</em>).</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="839" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8269-1024x839.jpg" alt="Long-billed dowitchers forage in the shallows, with a Wilson's phalarope in the background." class="wp-image-4379" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8269-1024x839.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8269-300x246.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8269-768x629.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8269.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Long-billed dowitchers forage in the shallows, with a Wilson&#8217;s phalarope in the background.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-695f46e465db4d95fa1138d0249c5f75 wp-block-paragraph">With these two species, there’s no doubt that these birds are already migrating south. Both breed roughly 2000 miles to the northwest, where wet tundra meets the Arctic Ocean. After a compressed nesting season, by now the adults have already begun their fall migration. The juveniles will wait longer—often another month or more—before they too head south, somehow finding their way across the continent to their wintering grounds without the assistance of their parents. Some western sandpipers will spend the winter as far south as the coast of Peru.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="755" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8239-1024x755.jpg" alt="Western sandpipers forage with a Wilson's phalarope in the foreground." class="wp-image-4380" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8239-1024x755.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8239-300x221.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8239-768x566.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8239.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Western sandpipers forage with a Wilson&#8217;s phalarope in the foreground.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Noticing the flies</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="768" height="1024" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Sparganium-768x1024.jpg" alt="The marsh of bur-reed." class="wp-image-4378" style="width:400px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Sparganium-768x1024.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Sparganium-225x300.jpg 225w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Sparganium-1152x1536.jpg 1152w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Sparganium.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">The marsh of bur-reed.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-f425b294496a46f5eda72af3304cb9fe wp-block-paragraph">Past the delta with its shorebirds and its usual group of American white pelicans (<em>Pelecanus erythrorhynchos</em>), I decide to give myself time to slow down and notice some more of the life in this place. There are some flies buzzing along a band of sandbar willows (<em>Salix exigua</em>) that divides the lake from part of the marsh as I record a Virginia rail (<em>Rallus limicola</em>) making short, staccato calls from the wetland. Among the incredible diversity of flies in the world, I have no idea what these ones might be, nor do I try to catch one to observe it more closely and find out.&nbsp;</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-7c454c8228d4c7abbbed24ea841b139b wp-block-paragraph">This patch of marsh is dominated by bur-reed (<em>Sparganium </em>sp.), an expanse of bright green spears pointing skyward, and on the bur-reed flowers I notice some other flies. These ones are bronze-colored with striking yellow bands on the abdomen, suggesting to me that they’re a species of hover fly (family Syrphidae). The flies take off before I can get a photo, but not before I notice that they’re only landing on the small, bright yellow clusters of male bur-reed flowers, which are positioned above the larger, snow-white spheres of female flowers. The hover flies must be finding pollen to feed on, I suspect.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Mudflats in miniature</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="815" height="1024" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8294-815x1024.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-4375" style="width:400px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8294-815x1024.jpg 815w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8294-239x300.jpg 239w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8294-768x965.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8294.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 815px) 100vw, 815px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Swamp verbena with a viceroy.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-1db32daf111e92979d4e072ee68794a7 wp-block-paragraph">The morning is getting hotter, and I’m almost ready to turn back. But I paddle just a little bit farther first and stop to photograph the swamp verbena. It’s flowering abundantly here at the edge between lake and marsh, just as it was at the delta. A viceroy (<em>Limenitis archippus</em>), a beautiful <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2022/07/22/milkweed-monarchs-helena/">monarch-mimicking butterfly</a> whose larvae probably developed on the nearby sandbar willows, is perching on a swamp verbena stem. A second viceroy lands on a mudflat in miniature nearby, flexing its wings. This tiny mudflat has flies, too, but they aren’t the sort that buzz around my microphone to add their voices to a Virginia rail recording. These ones are smaller, delicate, and they glint in the sunlight in tones of metallic copper and green. I suspect they’re some kind of long-legged fly (family Dolichopodidae).</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-5765f1bf2472fcabfb03ee7a26d6e388 wp-block-paragraph">In a special place in nature such as Lake Helena, the learning is endless. Today, it’s been a huge flock of bank swallows roosting in the pre-dawn marsh. It’s been the shifting kaleidoscope of shorebirds using these mudflats and sandbars alongside massive American white pelicans. And pausing to slow down and take a closer look, I’ve seen something similar in miniature: a viceroy perching alongside dozens of tiny long-legged flies, like the insect analogs of pelicans and shorebirds on a mudflat.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="800" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8310-1024x800.jpg" alt="Suspected long-legged flies on a mini mudflat." class="wp-image-4376" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8310-1024x800.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8310-300x234.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8310-768x600.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8310.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Suspected long-legged flies on a mini mudflat.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="771" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8297-1024x771.jpg" alt="The viceroy on the mudflat." class="wp-image-4377" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8297-1024x771.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8297-300x226.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8297-768x579.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8297.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">The viceroy on the mudflat.</figcaption></figure>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Seeing bank swallows, imagining bitterns</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/29Jun_LakeHelena5-1024x768.jpg" alt="Habitat for bitterns? The cattail marsh before sunrise." class="wp-image-4374" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/29Jun_LakeHelena5-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/29Jun_LakeHelena5-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/29Jun_LakeHelena5-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/29Jun_LakeHelena5-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/29Jun_LakeHelena5-2048x1536.jpg 2048w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Habitat for bitterns? The cattail marsh at Lake Helena before sunrise.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-75dda871920de97d58b305381982cb17 wp-block-paragraph">I’m left feeling grateful for this habitat that supports so much life, from long-legged flies and bur-reed to bank swallows and the occasional massive concentration of foraging nighthawks. I wonder what Lake Helena will teach me next time. And I keep on imagining American bitterns in the marsh. Perhaps, if I come back on an early summer night next year, I’ll find them here, singing.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-eae3433b1e004d4df027abdae61636b2 wp-block-paragraph"><em>In Montana, Montana Audubon coordinates the Important Bird Area program, which includes the Lake Helena Important Bird Area. To find out more about this program and Montana Audubon&#8217;s other conservation and citizen science initiatives, visit </em><a href="http://mtaudubon.org/"><em>mtaudubon.org</em></a><em>. And if you visit Lake Helena, consider </em><a href="https://ebird.org/region/US-MT"><em>submitting your bird sightings through eBird</em></a><em> to contribute to our collective knowledge of this place!</em></p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-1ff88441981225086027fe37fa3f9c11">Further reading</h3>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-b712edfb43e78f1e09dbf9da6c11d6d1 wp-block-paragraph">Billerman, S.M., Keeney, B.K., Rodewald, P.G. &amp; Schulenberg, T.S. (editors). (2022). Birds of the World. Ithaca, NY: Cornell Lab of Ornithology. <a href="https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/home" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/home</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-e169dc9fd20fe4c0c4b96dda13de4d6d wp-block-paragraph">Marks, J.S., Hendricks, P., &amp; Casey, D. (2016). <em>Birds of Montana</em>. Arrington, VA: Buteo Books. </p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-f4cbb8d4ffd7c27287d17fd5890240bf wp-block-paragraph">Wilson, H. (2012, 5 Aug). Shorebird migration. <em>Maine Birds</em>. Retrieved from <a href="https://web.colby.edu/mainebirds/2012/10/21/shorebird-migration/">https://web.colby.edu/mainebirds/2012/10/21/shorebird-migration/</a></p>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="797" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/coni2-1024x797.jpg" alt="Common nighthawks forage over Lake Helena against a smoky July sunrise." class="wp-image-4402" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/coni2-1024x797.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/coni2-300x234.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/coni2-768x598.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/coni2.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Common nighthawks forage over Lake Helena against a smoky July sunrise.</figcaption></figure>
<p>The post <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2024/08/01/bitterns-bank-swallows/">Of bitterns and bank swallows: Lake Helena, part 2</a> appeared first on <a href="https://wildwithnature.com">Wild With Nature</a>.</p>
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		<title>De avetoros y golondrinas ribereñas: el verano por el Lago Helena</title>
		<link>https://wildwithnature.com/2024/08/01/avetoros-golondrinas-riberenas/</link>
					<comments>https://wildwithnature.com/2024/08/01/avetoros-golondrinas-riberenas/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Shane Sater]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 01 Aug 2024 18:34:28 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Agua]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Aves]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Historias en español]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Insectos]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Plantas]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Actitis macularius]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Agelaius phoeniceus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Botaurus lentiginosus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Calidris mauri]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[cantos de aves]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Charadrius vociferus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Chordeiles minor]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Cistothorus palustris]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Dolichopodidae]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Gallinago delicata]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Geothlypis trichas]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[habitat]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Lake Helena]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Limenitis archippus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Limnodromus scolopaceus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Limosa fedoa]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[migration]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Montana Audubon]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Pelecanus erythrorhynchus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Phalaropus tricolor]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Rallus limicola]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Recurvirostra americana]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Riparia riparia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Salix exigua]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Syrphidae]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Verbena hastata]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://wildwithnature.com/?p=4364</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Esta historia es la segunda en una serie que se trata de conocer un lugar en la naturaleza con el tiempo y del Lago Helena, [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2024/08/01/avetoros-golondrinas-riberenas/">De avetoros y golondrinas ribereñas: el verano por el Lago Helena</a> appeared first on <a href="https://wildwithnature.com">Wild With Nature</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<figure class="wp-block-image size-full is-resized"><a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2024/08/01/bitterns-bank-swallows/"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="734" height="188" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-es-2.jpg" alt="Podcast bilingüe de la naturaleza" class="wp-image-3489" style="width:auto;height:100px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-es-2.jpg 734w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-es-2-300x77.jpg 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 734px) 100vw, 734px" /></a></figure>



<iframe style="border-radius:12px" src="https://open.spotify.com/embed/episode/2XLevxVYd1GKnJ3WJIruph?utm_source=generator&#038;t=0" width="100%" height="152" frameBorder="0" allowfullscreen="" allow="autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; fullscreen; picture-in-picture" loading="lazy"></iframe>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-5c51a7288d02b07ff96004dfca1cc467 wp-block-paragraph"><em>Esta historia es la segunda en una serie que se trata de conocer un lugar en la naturaleza con el tiempo y del Lago Helena, un lugar especial para mí en Montana, Estados Unidos. Si no has escuchado <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2024/07/01/playeros-lago-helena/">la primera parte, puedes empezar ahí</a>… o simplemente ¡empieza aquí en el medio! </em></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-4d8c745c4fcfb92bd449708d971385e8 wp-block-paragraph">Es una noche a finales de junio por un humedal de tules en la región del Rocky Mountain Front de Montana, EU. Hace más de una hora que se puso el sol. Ahora el pálido resplandor crepuscular se ha oscurecido hacia azul sobre la espina dorsal de las montañas. El humedal y el cielo están llenos de los sonidos enfáticos de una docena de agachonas norteamericanas (<em>Gallinago delicata</em>), haciendo un despliegue acústico. Y entonces, desde alguna parte profunda del humedal, volvemos a escuchar otra cosa—aquel extraño sonido, un tragar del aire, <em>¡guam–CATchan! ¡guam–CATchan!</em>—la llamada distintiva del avetoro norteño (<em>Botaurus lentiginosus</em>).&nbsp;</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/WillowCrRes_sunrise-1024x768.jpg" alt="Pre-dawn along the Rocky Mountain Front." class="wp-image-4367" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/WillowCrRes_sunrise-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/WillowCrRes_sunrise-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/WillowCrRes_sunrise-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/WillowCrRes_sunrise.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">El cielo antes del alba por el Rocky Mountain Front.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-425ba3c140cee9aa81e7947d2265a1da wp-block-paragraph">El avetoro norteño es una garza escurridiza de humedales densos, observado con poca frecuencia en Montana. Ésta es la primera vez que alguien ha registrado a un avetoro en este humedal. Seguimos escuchándole llamar por alrededor de media hora más mientras el último brillo del sol desaparece al horizonte. Lo escuchamos otra vez la siguiente mañana en las horas antes del amanecer, empezando cerca de las 4:20 am y siguiendo por aproximadamente 40 minutos. Se calla antes de que salga el sol, un fantasma con alas escondiéndose en el humedal.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">¿Avetoros por el Lago Helena?</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/29Jun_LakeHelena1-1024x768.jpg" alt="Listening for bitterns before dawn at Lake Helena." class="wp-image-4368" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/29Jun_LakeHelena1-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/29Jun_LakeHelena1-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/29Jun_LakeHelena1-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/29Jun_LakeHelena1-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/29Jun_LakeHelena1.jpg 2000w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Escuchando por avetoros antes del amanecer por el Lago Helena. </figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-57b8ddaba40137690e8541c75e32e300 wp-block-paragraph"><em>Si un avetoro está habitando acá entre estos tules</em>, me pregunto, <em>¿por qué no por el Lago Helena, 103 kilómetros lejos?</em> Los humedales de tule ahí son aun más extensos. Y así es que cuatro días después vengo llegando al Lago Helena a las cuatro de la mañana para tratar de escuchar avetoros.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-0a44894b9ffba9a412bb0e907c0ea659 wp-block-paragraph">Es una mañana fría y calma mientras madejas de neblina ascienden desde el lago. Estoy parado en botas de pescador al borde del humedal, escuchando atentamente. Tengo mis manos detrás de mis orejas para amplificar los sonidos. Puedo oír los cantos claros de las mascaritas comunes (<em>Geothlypis trichas</em>): <em>guichití, guichití guichití.</em> Los saltaparedes pantaneros (<em>Cistothorus palustris</em>) están parloteando estridentemente. Noto el sonido extraño de una agachona norteamericana en la distancia. De vez en cuando, oigo chapoteos y sonidos que no reconozco desde el humedal—pero no hay ningún avetoro.&nbsp;</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-4bfafba9b4e1625e06fc9c4676c0b8fb wp-block-paragraph">La luna menguante está alto en el cielo al sureste y las montañas son siluetas negras en la distancia. Ya he escuchado por una hora entera—pero no he escuchado nada de un avetoro. Ya tengo frío. Y si un avetoro hubiera llamado, estoy bastante seguro de que lo habría oído. Luego, investigando más sobre los avetoros, leo que suelen llamar más al inicio de la temporada reproductiva. ¿Puede que sí hay avetoros en este humedal, ya silentes al fin de junio?</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Julio por el humedal</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/12Jul_LakeHelena3-1024x768.jpg" alt="Pre-dawn sky at Lake Helena, July 12." class="wp-image-4370" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/12Jul_LakeHelena3-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/12Jul_LakeHelena3-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/12Jul_LakeHelena3-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/12Jul_LakeHelena3.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">El cielo antes del amanecer por el Lago Helena el 12 de julio.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-085d3c3e69b7773e9d7304e660b66108 wp-block-paragraph">Con el misterio del avetoro todavía no resuelto, vuelvo al Lago Helena por kayak una semana y media después, llegando antes del amanecer el 12 de julio. Mientras ando a la deriva a través de la oscuridad matutina, me encuentro con una cacofonía en el humedal. Es un zumbido tremendo que se nota a cientos de metros de distancia. Suena como si los tules fueran albergando un congreso de motosierras miniaturas. Pero mientras me acerco más, lo que encuentro no es lo que pensé, una bandada de tordos sargento (<em>Agelaius phoeniceus</em>) o saltaparedes pantaneros. En efecto, es una bandada inmensa de golondrinas ribereñas (<em>Riparia riparia</em>). Fácilmente hay cien de ellas, o tal vez varias cientas.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-19c049c736deb7b87237fe8b0ee18986 wp-block-paragraph">Inmediatamente tengo una hipótesis sobre lo que estoy viendo. Los polluelos de una colonia cercana de golondrinas ribereñas han echado plumas, pienso, y la profusión de aves jóvenes ha dejado el barranco de tierra donde pasaron las primeras tres o cuatro semanas de su vida. Mientras forrajean y se preparan para la migración otoñal, el humedal es un lugar de refugio donde pueden pasar la noche.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Golondrinas y chotacabras</h3>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-f571530d97efb4c0a5352cea7ee5b92e wp-block-paragraph">El cielo antes del alba tiene matices de gris y rosa por el humo del Incendio de Horse Gulch. Hace unos días que el incendio brotó en las montañas al este; ya ha crecido hasta más de 3000 hectáreas. De repente, a las 5:27 am, la bandada de golondrinas ribereñas sale del humedal sin aviso. Un remolino de golondrinas ruidosas da vueltas sobre mi kayak por un instante. Apenas logro sacar una foto y estimar que hay por lo menos 250 de ellas. Y entonces se van esparciendo sobre el lago.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/BANS1-1024x768.jpg" alt="The bank swallow flock in flight." class="wp-image-4371" style="object-fit:cover" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/BANS1-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/BANS1-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/BANS1-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/BANS1.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">La bandada de golondrinas ribereñas en vuelo.</figcaption></figure>
</div>

<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="795" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/coni-1024x795.jpg" alt="Common nighthawk in flight." class="wp-image-4372" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/coni-1024x795.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/coni-300x233.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/coni-768x596.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/coni-1536x1192.jpg 1536w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/coni.jpg 1800w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Un chotacabras zumbón en vuelo.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-b3c42a1f4985a78e95ae8ffe23581e3f wp-block-paragraph">Mientras sigo adelante, andando despacio por el borde del humedal, pienso en todas las historias de las aves y de los otros animales que utilizan este lugar a través del año. Me pregunto cuántas historias podría haber que ni siquiera me he imaginado. Pienso en una de la que aprendí recientemente. El 19 de junio de 2023, <a href="https://ebird.org/checklist/S142140239" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Logan Kahle estuvo por el Lago Helena al atardecer</a> cuando observó una increíble concentración de chotacabras zumbones (<em>Chordeiles minor</em>)—680 de ellos—volando sobre el agua, presuntamente forrajeando.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-6fe9a0a8d9ffd9c68f4513c4515bd0a4 wp-block-paragraph">“Esto fue una estimación mínima, hecha en una sola vista, contándolos de veinte en veinte,” escribió. “He visto varios espectáculos increíbles de los chotacabras zumbones sobre embalses en la Gran Cuenca, pero puede que esto fue lo más increíble.”</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Saltaparedes pantaneros y picopandos canelos</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="889" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/mawr-1024x889.jpg" alt="Begging juvenile marsh wrens." class="wp-image-4373" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/mawr-1024x889.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/mawr-300x261.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/mawr-768x667.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/mawr.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Dos saltaparedes pantaneros juveniles mendigan.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-270887b84cad45b14918a833f5175049 wp-block-paragraph">Me imagino que Logan no tenía ninguna idea de que fuera a ver un grupo tan enorme de chotacabras sobre el lago aquel atardecer. Ni tampoco salí yo esta mañana con ninguna sospecha de que hubiera cientas de golondrinas posándose en el humedal. A menudo, los momentos más alucinantes en la naturaleza simplemente llegan, inesperados. </p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8202-1024x768.jpg" alt="Marbled godwits take a drink at the delta." class="wp-image-4382" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8202-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8202-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8202-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8202.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Los picopandos canelos beben por el delta.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-915b86922cf95421bba14c017002e534 wp-block-paragraph">Mientras el sol sale bañado en humo, anaranjado sobre las montañas, observo un grupo de tres saltaparedes pantaneros juveniles que están mendigando con llamadas agudas desde el borde del humedal. Todavía tienen penachos de plumas suaves en la cabeza, dejando la impresión de que recién se levantaron y no se peinaron. Uno de sus padres está trabajando duro para atiborrarlos con insectos, cazando invertebrados atentamente sobre el barro al borde de este bosque de tules.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-61422f7ca77982a7c8bbe47baa69b3d8 wp-block-paragraph">Por el delta del Arroyo Prickly Pear, la verbena (<em>Verbena hastata</em>) está floreciendo, espigas de púrpura real contra el verde del humedal. Una bandada de picopandos canelos (<em>Limosa fedoa</em>) está volando cerca, llamando y dando vueltas a baja altura sobre el arenal. Finalmente aterrizan ahí, playeros del tamaño de una gaviota con picos anaranjados y ligeramente curvados hacia arriba. Meten los picos en el agua poco profunda e inclinan las cabezas hacia arriba, bebiendo.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Una mañana calurosa por el delta</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8190-1024x768.jpg" alt="A killdeer perches at the edge of a mudflat." class="wp-image-4381" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8190-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8190-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8190-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8190.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A killdeer perches at the edge of a mudflat.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-226624fd50a3486e28faab658c0774f4 wp-block-paragraph">El sol de la mañana ya se ha puesto feroz, su intensidad aumentado por el reflejo del agua. La mayoría de los playeros que están por el delta hoy son especies que anidaron aquí: playeros alzacolita (<em>Actitis macularius</em>), chorlos tildío (<em>Charadrius vociferus</em>) y docenas de falaropos pico largo (<em>Phalaropus tricolor</em>). Una bandada impresionante de 70 avocetas americanas (<em>Recurvirostra americana</em>) vuela por encima pero no aterriza.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-362317519cca94b842c621f48cd0841b wp-block-paragraph">Lo que se considera &#8220;el verano&#8221; sólo empezó hace unas semanas en el calendario humano. Los playeros de mayo <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2024/07/01/playeros-lago-helena/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">que usaron estos arenales en su migración hacia el norte</a> aún son una memoria reciente, pero el mosaico ya está cambiando. Los picopandos canelos—playeros que anidan en Montana pero no este valle urbanizado, hasta donde sé—son una de las primeras pistas que la migración otoñal de los playeros ya está comenzando. Pero no son la única pista.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">La migración otoñal de los playeros</h3>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-a725bdf20b479a7d907da51116d57185 wp-block-paragraph">Mientras la mañana se pone más calurosa y el rugido del tráfico hace eco por el valle, intercalado con los sonidos de los tordos sargentos y unas especies más, veo que el agua poco profunda del delta está llena de playeros que están forrajeando. Aquí, al lado de una gran bandada de falaropos pico largo, cuento nueve costureros pico largo (<em>Limnodromus scolopaceus</em>) y cuatro playeros occidentales (<em>Calidris mauri</em>).</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="839" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8269-1024x839.jpg" alt="Long-billed dowitchers forage in the shallows, with a Wilson's phalarope in the background." class="wp-image-4379" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8269-1024x839.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8269-300x246.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8269-768x629.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8269.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Los costureros pico largo forrajean en el bajío con un falaropo pico largo en el fondo. </figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-fc8817abb8e05fdf732f2ded6850dcfb wp-block-paragraph">Respecto a estas dos especies, no hay ninguna duda de que ya están migrando hacia el sur. Las dos anidan aproximadamente 3500 kilómetros al noroeste, donde la tundra húmeda del Ártico limita con el Océano Ártico. Después de una temporada reproductiva condensada, los adultos ya han empezado su migración otoñal. Los juveniles esperarán hasta más tarde—típicamente por otro mes o más—antes de volar hacia el sur también. De alguna manera van a navegar a través del continente hacia sus tierras invernales sin ninguna ayuda de sus padres. Algunos playeros occidentales seguirán en la migración hasta llegar a la costa del Perú y allá pasar el invierno.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="755" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8239-1024x755.jpg" alt="Western sandpipers forage with a Wilson's phalarope in the foreground." class="wp-image-4380" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8239-1024x755.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8239-300x221.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8239-768x566.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8239.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Unos playeros occidentales forrajean en el bajío, con un falaropo pico largo en primer plano.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Prestando atención a las moscas</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="768" height="1024" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Sparganium-768x1024.jpg" alt="The marsh of bur-reed." class="wp-image-4378" style="width:400px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Sparganium-768x1024.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Sparganium-225x300.jpg 225w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Sparganium-1152x1536.jpg 1152w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Sparganium.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">The marsh of bur-reed.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-4ddb6fb56f03ae59f796c7a13b593519 wp-block-paragraph">Ya he pasado por el delta con sus playeros y el grupo usual de pelícanos blancos americanos (<em>Pelecanus erythrorhynchos</em>). Ahora decido darme tiempo para pausar y notar un poco más de la vida de este lugar. Me doy cuenta de algunas moscas que están zumbando a lo largo de una franja de sauces (<em>Salix exigua</em>) que forma la divisoria entre el lago y una parte del humedal mientras grabo a un rascón cara gris (<em>Rallus limicola</em>). El rascón está dando llamadas cortas e interrumpidas desde el humedal. No tengo ni idea cuáles moscas serían éstas, entre la diversidad increíble de moscas en el mundo. Tampoco trato de capturarlas para observarlas mejor.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-06aed8b4959e2e302cd519aa51454193 wp-block-paragraph">Este parche del humedal está dominado por <em>Sparganium</em>, una planta relacionada al tule. Se parece a una extensión de lanzas verdes puntadas hacia el cielo, y sobre las flores del <em>Sparganium</em> noto algunas otras moscas. Éstas son de color bronce con llamativas franjas amarillas en el abdomen, lo que me sugiere que sean una especie de sírfido (moscas de la familia Syrphidae). Se echan a volar antes de que pueda tomar una foto. Pero ya me he dado cuenta de que sólo están aterrizando en las bolas pequeñas y amarillas de las flores masculinas, las cuales están arriba de las bolas más grandes y blancas de las flores femeninas. Sospecho que los sírfidos están alimentándose de polen.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Barrizales en miniatura</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="815" height="1024" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8294-815x1024.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-4375" style="width:400px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8294-815x1024.jpg 815w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8294-239x300.jpg 239w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8294-768x965.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8294.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 815px) 100vw, 815px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Una mariposa virrey se percha en la verbena.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-1a660344bba93d38c6f57ae3e7cebecd wp-block-paragraph">Ya está haciendo bastante calor y casi estoy listo para volver. Pero primero remo adelante un poquito más y me detengo para tomar fotos de la verbena. Está floreciendo en abundancia aquí al límite entre el lago y el humedal, así como estaba floreciendo también por el delta. Una mariposa virrey (<em>Limenitis archippus</em>), un insecto hermoso que se parece a la mariposa monarca, está perchada en un tallo de verbena. Sus larvas probablemente se alimentaron de los sauces nativos cercanos.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-5d11e0f6ee9fdb464ff3f7e4ce69d2a5 wp-block-paragraph">Una segunda mariposa virrey aterriza sobre un barrizal en miniatura cerca de la verbena, flexionando sus alas. Este barrizal pequeño tiene moscas, también, pero no son el tipo que zumban por mi micrófono para añadir sus voces a la grabación de un rascón cara gris. Éstas son más pequeñas y delicadas. Brillan en la luz del sol con tonalidades de cobre y de verde metálico. Sospecho que son algún tipo de mosca de patas largas (la familia Dolichopodidae).</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-d4a0c9ebeafc0049d15bcc1345fdfe38 wp-block-paragraph">En un lugar especial en la naturaleza tal como el Lago Helena, el deleite de conocer sigue sin fin. Hoy ha sido una bandada enorme de golondrinas ribereñas posándose en el humedal antes del amanecer. Ha sido el caleidoscopio variable de los playeros que usan estos barrizales y arenales al lado de los masivos pelícanos blancos americanos. Y cuando me detuve para mirar más minuciosamente, vi algo similar en miniatura: una mariposa virrey posándose al lado de docenas de moscas de patas largas en un barrizal pequeño, como los insectos homólogos a los pelícanos y playeros.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="800" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8310-1024x800.jpg" alt="Suspected long-legged flies on a mini mudflat." class="wp-image-4376" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8310-1024x800.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8310-300x234.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8310-768x600.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8310.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Moscas, presuntamente de la familia Dolichopodidae, en un barrizal en miniatura.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="771" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8297-1024x771.jpg" alt="The viceroy on the mudflat." class="wp-image-4377" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8297-1024x771.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8297-300x226.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8297-768x579.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8297.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">La mariposa virrey en el barrizal.</figcaption></figure>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Viendo golondrinas ribereñas, imaginando avetoros</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/29Jun_LakeHelena5-1024x768.jpg" alt="Habitat for bitterns? The cattail marsh before sunrise." class="wp-image-4374" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/29Jun_LakeHelena5-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/29Jun_LakeHelena5-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/29Jun_LakeHelena5-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/29Jun_LakeHelena5-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/29Jun_LakeHelena5-2048x1536.jpg 2048w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">¿Un hábitat para avetoros? El humedal de tules por el Lago Helena antes del amanecer.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-5e0fcd1028d446eb6e7e1ca98c8c89a5 wp-block-paragraph">Me voy sintiéndome agradecido por este hábitat que mantiene a tantos seres vivos, desde moscas de patas largas y el <em>Sparganium</em> hasta golondrinas ribereñas y—de vez en cuando—una concentración increíble de chotacabras zumbones forrajeando sobre el lago. Me pregunto qué el Lago Helena me va a enseñar la próxima vez. Y sigo imaginando avetoros norteños en el humedal. A lo mejor, si vuelvo una noche al comienzo del verano que viene, más temprano en la estación reproductiva, voy a encontrarlos cantando aquí.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-46393b7370e55f68db5985c562962c3d wp-block-paragraph"><em>En Montana, la organización Montana Audubon coordina el programa de Áreas Importantes para las Aves, que incluye al Área Importante para Aves del Lago Helena. Para leer más sobre este programa y las otras iniciativas de Montana Audubon por la ciencia ciudadana y la conservación, ve a </em><a href="http://mtaudubon.org/"><em>mtaudubon.org</em></a><em>. Y si visitas al Lago Helena, ¡considera </em><a href="https://ebird.org/region/US-MT"><em>contribuyendo tus observaciones al proyecto eBird</em></a><em> para añadir a nuestro conocimiento colectivo de este lugar!</em></p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-c5e0e720a38ec970825498aea99309f7">Leer más</h3>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-e4c41577d4bb89518948cf983406cf41 wp-block-paragraph">Billerman, S.M., Keeney, B.K., Rodewald, P.G. &amp; Schulenberg, T.S. (editores). (2022). Birds of the World. Ithaca, NY: Cornell Lab of Ornithology. <a href="https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/home" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/home</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-e169dc9fd20fe4c0c4b96dda13de4d6d wp-block-paragraph">Marks, J.S., Hendricks, P., &amp; Casey, D. (2016). <em>Birds of Montana</em>. Arrington, VA: Buteo Books. </p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-475ee1dfcb4055d091c9fbfc402dc909 wp-block-paragraph">Wilson, H. (2012, 5 de ago). Shorebird migration. <em>Maine Birds</em>. Recuperado de <a href="https://web.colby.edu/mainebirds/2012/10/21/shorebird-migration/">https://web.colby.edu/mainebirds/2012/10/21/shorebird-migration/</a></p>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="797" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/coni2-1024x797.jpg" alt="Common nighthawks forage over Lake Helena against a smoky July sunrise." class="wp-image-4402" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/coni2-1024x797.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/coni2-300x234.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/coni2-768x598.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/coni2.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Chotacabras zumbones forrajean sobre el Lago Helena contra un amanecer teñido por humo en julio de 2024.</figcaption></figure>
<p>The post <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2024/08/01/avetoros-golondrinas-riberenas/">De avetoros y golondrinas ribereñas: el verano por el Lago Helena</a> appeared first on <a href="https://wildwithnature.com">Wild With Nature</a>.</p>
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		<title>How to grow a bird-friendly garden in western Montana</title>
		<link>https://wildwithnature.com/2023/03/24/montana-native-plants-for-birds/</link>
					<comments>https://wildwithnature.com/2023/03/24/montana-native-plants-for-birds/#comments</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Shane Sater]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 24 Mar 2023 18:30:15 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Birds]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[Zonotrichia leucophrys]]></category>
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					<description><![CDATA[<p>When you compare the birds of a manicured lawn with those that inhabit a grove of chokecherries, the difference is stark. The lawn might support [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2023/03/24/montana-native-plants-for-birds/">How to grow a bird-friendly garden in western Montana</a> appeared first on <a href="https://wildwithnature.com">Wild With Nature</a>.</p>
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<figure class="wp-block-image size-full is-resized"><a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2023/03/24/montana-plantas-nativas-para-aves/"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="706" height="181" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-en-2.jpg" alt="Bilingual nature podcast" class="wp-image-3486" style="width:auto;height:100px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-en-2.jpg 706w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-en-2-300x77.jpg 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 706px) 100vw, 706px" /></a></figure>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><iframe style="border-radius:12px" src="https://open.spotify.com/embed/episode/72zazh2hHu9nqy7snFYA6T?utm_source=generator&amp;t=0" width="100%" height="152" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="" allow="autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; fullscreen; picture-in-picture" loading="lazy"></iframe></p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="870" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70973801-1024x870.jpg" alt="A juvenile cedar waxwing eating a chokecherry." class="wp-image-2104" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70973801-1024x870.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70973801-300x255.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70973801-768x653.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70973801.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A juvenile cedar waxwing eating a chokecherry.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">When you compare the birds of a manicured lawn with those that inhabit a grove of chokecherries, the difference is stark. The lawn might support a few starlings and robins. Perhaps, late in spring migration, a handful of desperate Swainson’s thrushes might stop by. The chokecherries, on the other hand, support an intricate community of life, from two-tailed swallowtail butterflies to dozens of species of songbirds. When the fruits ripen in late summer to a deep, juicy black, they attract cedar waxwings, Townsend’s solitaires, western tanagers, American robins, and house finches. Meanwhile, throughout the growing season, the foliage supports a diversity of insects &#8211; and the birds that eat them. Flitting among the leaves, you can find Wilson’s warblers, ruby-crowned kinglets, yellow-rumped warblers, and warbling vireos.&nbsp;</p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="872" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70017851-1024x872.jpg" alt="A migrating Wilson's warbler in a chokecherry." class="wp-image-2105" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70017851-1024x872.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70017851-300x256.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70017851-768x654.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70017851.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A migrating Wilson&#8217;s warbler in a chokecherry.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">When we consider the diversity of life around us, it’s easy to see a lot of bad news these days. We’ve lost <a href="https://www.birds.cornell.edu/home/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/DECLINE-OF-NORTH-AMERICAN-AVIFAUNA-SCIENCE-2019.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">2.9 billion breeding birds</a> in North America over the last 50 years. Scientists have reported <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0006320718313636" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">steep declines of once-common insects</a>. But by making a few simple decisions about what we plant in our gardens, we can be part of reversing these trends. In our yards, parks, and neighborhoods, we can provide homes for the birds, bees, and caterpillars. But doing this isn&#8217;t just about avoiding extinctions &#8211; it&#8217;s also a lot of fun.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">This article is focused on plants for bird-friendly gardens in the western half of Montana, USA. If you live elsewhere, the specific plants will be different, but the general recommendations will be the same.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color">Getting started: habitat for birds</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="795" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/59362931-1024x795.jpg" alt="An American robin taking a bath." class="wp-image-2107" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/59362931-1024x795.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/59362931-300x233.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/59362931-768x596.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/59362931.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">An American robin taking a bath.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Every species of bird is unique in its life story. The habitats it uses, the foods it eats, where it nests, whether it migrates &#8211; all of this varies. Nevertheless, all birds need food, shelter, water, and safety from predators. Plants provide excellent food and shelter &#8211; especially particular species of plants that are native to the local landscape. But before we get into the specifics of these plants, let’s consider water and predators.&nbsp;</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Some birds, such as American kestrels, can get most or all of the moisture they need from their food. Otherwise, birds need to drink water. Including a source of water in your garden, such as a regularly cleaned bird bath or a backyard wetland, can attract birds to drink or bathe.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Watch out for predators</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="807" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220523_002444234-1024x807.jpg" alt="An &quot;Acopian bird saver&quot; bird-friendly window in Ruth Swenson's Helena, MT garden." class="wp-image-2150" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220523_002444234-1024x807.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220523_002444234-300x237.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220523_002444234-768x605.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220523_002444234.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">An &#8220;Acopian bird saver&#8221; bird-friendly window in Ruth Swenson&#8217;s Helena, MT garden.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">What about predators in our yards? Outdoor cats are incredibly deadly for neighborhood songbirds. In the United States alone, cats kill <a href="https://abcbirds.org/news/outdoor-cats-single-greatest-source-of-human-caused-mortality-for-birds-and-mammals-says-new-study/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">well over a billion birds a year</a>. This number is so large that it’s almost unimaginable. But there are <em>a lot</em> of outdoor cats in the United States: around 50 million pets, in addition to as many as 100 million feral cats. Managing outdoor cats, <a href="https://www.allaboutbirds.org/news/faq-outdoor-cats-and-their-effects-on-birds/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">especially feral ones</a>, can be a contentious topic. But keeping your own cats indoors is a relatively easy step to take. By doing so, you&#8217;ll help ensure that your bird-friendly garden doesn&#8217;t become a death trap for songbirds.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Windows may not be predators, but they&#8217;re another deadly neighborhood hazard for songbirds. In the United States, they’re estimated to kill <a href="https://bioone.org/journals/the-condor/volume-116/issue-1/CONDOR-13-090.1/Birdbuilding-collisions-in-the-United-States--Estimates-of-annual/10.1650/CONDOR-13-090.1.full" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">over 350 million birds a year</a>. <a href="https://www.allaboutbirds.org/news/why-birds-hit-windows-and-how-you-can-help-prevent-it/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">An article by the Cornell Lab of Ornithology</a> gives an overview of this issue and discusses several solutions. Of these, <a href="https://www.birdsavers.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Acopian Bird Savers</a> are probably one of the most elegant. This is an unobtrusive, low-tech design that consists of vertical rows of cords, spaced four inches apart, that hang from the outside of the window. You can make your own out of parachute cord or bamboo, or you can order them online.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Including different habitat features</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="789" height="1024" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/69595041-789x1024.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-2108" style="width:400px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/69595041-789x1024.jpg 789w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/69595041-231x300.jpg 231w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/69595041-768x997.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/69595041-1183x1536.jpg 1183w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/69595041.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 789px) 100vw, 789px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Clark&#8217;s nutcrackers are common birds in and around conifer forest, but are generally rare away from this habitat.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Broadly speaking, all birds are associated with one or more of three general habitats: forest, prairie, or wetland. What habitats make up the larger landscape surrounding you? The answer to this question will shape the possibilities for your bird-friendly garden.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Is your home in the middle of a Douglas-fir forest, or is it in a valley-bottom subdivision? Clark&#8217;s nutcrackers probably won&#8217;t visit your garden unless you have patches of conifers close to you. Similarly, you probably won’t attract marsh wrens or Wilson’s snipes to your yard unless you live very close to a wetland. Meanwhile, many prairie birds need relatively large patches of grasses and herbs. So unless this describes the area around your house, you probably won’t have grasshopper sparrows or western meadowlarks in your yard. Many birds of thickets and forest edges, on the other hand, will readily use yards during migration or the breeding season. And, of course, there are a variety of birds that use more than one of these habitats.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">In general, in order to make your yard more inviting for birds, it’s worth considering components of all three habitats: forest, prairie, and wetland. A small water feature probably won’t attract Wilson’s snipes &#8211; but, once again, a bit of water in the yard will allow birds to drink and bathe. A prairie patch the size of a front yard is unlikely to bring in grasshopper sparrows, but it will offer important seeds and insects for thicket-edge birds such as chipping sparrows. And patches of native shrubs or trees, such as chokecherries, provide food and cover for a wide diversity of migrating and nesting songbirds.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color">Why native plants?</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="863" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/85451811-1024x863.jpg" alt="A bohemian waxwing feeds on fruits of Russian-olive, an invasive tree." class="wp-image-2109" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/85451811-1024x863.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/85451811-300x253.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/85451811-768x647.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/85451811.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A bohemian waxwing feeding on the fruits of Russian-olive, an invasive tree.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">You’ve probably noticed that I keep mentioning <strong>native</strong> plants for birds. <em>Why does this matter?</em> you might be wondering. Perhaps you’ve noticed that robins and Bohemian waxwings often eat the fruits of Russian-olive (<em>Elaeagnus angustifolia</em>), a frequently-planted invasive that escapes from cultivation to compete with the cottonwoods and willows along our waterways. Or you might have noticed a house finch or pileated woodpecker pecking at an apple, another non-native fruit.&nbsp;</p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="963" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/240159601-1024x963.jpg" alt="A western bluebird feeding on an adult moth. Insects - especially the larvae of butterflies and moths - are critical foods for most of our songbirds." class="wp-image-2110" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/240159601-1024x963.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/240159601-300x282.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/240159601-768x722.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/240159601.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A western bluebird feeding on an adult moth. Insects &#8211; especially the larvae of butterflies and moths &#8211; are critical foods for most of our songbirds.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Yes, there <em>are</em> non-native plants that certain birds will use. But, all things considered, native plants are far superior for our birds. Why? It comes down to food &#8211; and, specifically, insects. Doug Tallamy, a researcher who has spent decades studying birds and insects, writes that 96% of North American land birds rely heavily on insects during the breeding season. Soft, juicy caterpillars are especially important. And whereas native plants have coevolved with native insects, non-native plants are comparative deserts for insect diversity. </p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">A non-native plant like Russian-olive may still provide fruits that feed a few species. But in comparison with a chokecherry or another native plant, it’s much less useful for most of our birds. If you want to attract an abundance of birds to your yard, then native plants are the way to go.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph"><em>Okay, which plants should I plant for the birds?</em> you’re probably asking. Here are some recommendations for western Montana, organized by the foods they provide.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color">Native plants for insects</h3>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">What sorts of native plants provide our birds with the most insects? In order to give region-specific recommendations, Doug Tallamy and Kimberley Shropshire teamed up with the National Wildlife Federation to create <a href="https://www.nwf.org/NativePlantFinder/Plants" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">an interactive website, searchable by zip code</a>. For each zip code, this tool predicts the number of caterpillar species that different native plants will support. And in North America, it turns out, wherever you are, just a handful of native plants support most of the caterpillars.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="821" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/241778961-1024x821.jpg" alt="A western tanager in a native diamond willow (Salix eriocephala)." class="wp-image-2111" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/241778961-1024x821.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/241778961-300x241.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/241778961-768x616.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/241778961.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A western tanager in a native diamond willow (Salix eriocephala).</figcaption></figure>
</div>

<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/163104721-1024x768.jpg" alt="A yellow warbler singing from a chokecherry." class="wp-image-2112" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/163104721-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/163104721-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/163104721-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/163104721.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A yellow warbler singing from a chokecherry.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Around Helena, Montana, willows are at the top of the list. These shrubs host up to 309 species of caterpillars &#8211; juicy protein packets to feed our nesting birds. Many of our native willows grow in wetlands, but <strong>Scouler’s willow (<em>Salix scouleriana</em>)</strong> and <strong>sandbar willow (<em>Salix exigua</em>)</strong> are common species that often grow in somewhat drier areas. </p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Cottonwoods and aspens are also high on the list, hosting up to 245 butterflies and moths. Among the cottonwoods are <strong>black cottonwood (<em>Populus balsamifera</em>)</strong> and <strong>plains cottonwood (<em>Populus deltoides</em>)</strong> &#8211; but keep in mind that these trees are notorious for dropping branches. Meanwhile, <strong>quaking aspen (<em>Populus tremuloides</em>)</strong> forms thickets from underground rhizomes. For these reasons, cottonwoods and aspens are best-suited for larger yards.&nbsp;</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph"><strong>Chokecherry (<em>Prunus virginiana</em>)</strong> and <strong>American plum (<em>Prunus americana</em>)</strong> are thicket-forming shrubs that are excellent for bird habitat. (They support up to 227 species of caterpillars &#8211; and check out <a href="http://wildwithnature.com/2022/06/03/chokecherries-and-birds/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">this article</a> for an exploration of other miniature insects that live on chokecherries.) However, if you live in an area with a high risk of bear conflicts, keep in mind that chokecherries and plums can attract bears when the fruits get ripe in the fall.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Birches, alders, and pines</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="802" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/237377911-1024x802.jpg" alt="A common yellowthroat in a thinleaf alder." class="wp-image-2113" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/237377911-1024x802.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/237377911-300x235.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/237377911-768x602.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/237377911.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A common yellowthroat in a thinleaf alder.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Our native birches host 211 species of caterpillars. <strong>Water birch (<em>Betula occidentalis</em>)</strong> is a small tree that often grows along streams; <strong>paper birch (<em>Betula papyrifera</em>) </strong>gets much larger. And birches do more than just provide lots of insects. Their trunks (like those of cottonwoods and aspens) also make popular homes for cavity-nesting birds like black-capped chickadees and house wrens. (If you don’t want to wait for your trees to grow, the Cornell Lab of Ornithology also provides <a href="https://nestwatch.org/learn/all-about-birdhouses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">thorough instructions for nest box construction</a>.) The related <strong>thinleaf alder (<em>Alnus incana</em>)</strong> is a large shrub or small tree that hosts 196 species of butterflies and moths.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="794" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/73020331-1024x794.jpg" alt="Red crossbills feeding on ponderosa pine cones." class="wp-image-2164" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/73020331-1024x794.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/73020331-300x233.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/73020331-768x595.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/73020331.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Red crossbills feeding on ponderosa pine cones.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Among the conifers, pines (<em>Pinus</em> spp.) are important for caterpillars, supporting up to 188 species. Around Helena, <strong>ponderosa pine (<em>Pinus ponderosa</em>)</strong> and<strong> limber pine (<em>Pinus flexilis</em>)</strong> are good options. However, keep in mind that they grow to be rather large trees. Also, depending on your surroundings, you might not want to plant them near your house due to fire risk.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Goldenrods, strawberries, and more</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="853" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/21_Solidago-gigantea15-1024x853.jpg" alt="A noctuid moth (Euxoa sp.) visiting giant goldenrod flowers." class="wp-image-2114" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/21_Solidago-gigantea15-1024x853.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/21_Solidago-gigantea15-300x250.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/21_Solidago-gigantea15-768x640.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/21_Solidago-gigantea15.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A noctuid moth (Euxoa sp.) visiting giant goldenrod flowers.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">What about herbaceous plants? For caterpillars, goldenrod is at the top of the list, hosting 65 species. Common goldenrods in Montana include <strong>giant goldenrod (<em>Solidago gigantea</em>)</strong>, <strong>Canada goldenrod (<em>Solidago canadensis</em>)</strong>, and <strong>Missouri goldenrod (<em>Solidago missouriensis</em>)</strong>. These plants are commonly blamed for late-summer allergies, but <a href="https://fmr.org/updates/conservation/goldenrod-or-ragweed-which-causes-allergies-and-which-benefits-pollinators" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">this is a myth</a>: the culprits are typically ragweeds (<em>Ambrosia</em> spp.), which bloom around the same time. </p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="824" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/74861251-1024x824.jpg" alt="Many plants that provide insects also provide fruits or seeds. This common redpoll is foraging on a seedhead of big sagebrush, presumably eating the seeds." class="wp-image-2116" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/74861251-1024x824.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/74861251-300x242.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/74861251-768x618.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/74861251.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Many plants that provide insects also provide fruits or seeds. This common redpoll is foraging on a seedhead of big sagebrush, presumably eating the seeds.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Other herbs that support substantial numbers of butterflies and moths are native strawberries and sunflowers. Wild strawberries (<strong><em>Fragaria virginiana</em></strong> and <strong><em>Fragaria vesca</em></strong>) are low-growing; they may not compete well with taller, more vigorous plants. Sunflowers, on the other hand, are both tall and vigorous. In Montana, <strong>common sunflower (<em>Helianthus annuus</em>)</strong> is an abundant annual that often grows along roadsides. We also have two common perennial species, <strong>Nuttall’s sunflower (<em>Helianthus nuttallii</em>)</strong> and <strong>Maximilian sunflower (<em>Helianthus maximiliani</em>)</strong>.&nbsp;</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Lupines and sagebrushes are also worthy of mention, supporting up to 40 and 35 species of caterpillars, respectively. <strong>Silvery lupine (<em>Lupinus argenteus</em>)</strong> and <strong>silky lupine (<em>Lupinus sericeus</em></strong>) are a couple of Montana’s common lupines. Sagebrushes are very diverse in Montana and include shrubs such as <strong>big sagebrush (<em>Artemisia tridentata</em>)</strong> and <strong>silver sagebrush (<em>Artemisia cana</em>)</strong> as well as herbs such as <strong>fringed sage (<em>Artemisia frigida</em>)</strong> and <strong>white sagebrush (<em>Artemisia ludoviciana</em>)</strong>.&nbsp;</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color">Native plants for fruits</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70018061-1024x768.jpg" alt="A white-crowned sparrow eating red-osier dogwood fruits." class="wp-image-2117" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70018061-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70018061-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70018061-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70018061.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A white-crowned sparrow eating red-osier dogwood fruits.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">I’ve already mentioned chokecherry for the diversity of insects that it hosts. In addition to the insects, this shrub is also a phenomenal fall fruit resource for cedar waxwings, American robins, and many other birds. And besides chokecherry, there’s a wide selection of other native fruits that attract birds, from July onwards through the winter. Many of these plants also host a notable diversity of caterpillars (though they support fewer species of caterpillars than the shrubs and trees I’ve already mentioned).</p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="838" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/63690211-1024x838.jpg" alt="A cedar waxwing feeding on golden currant fruits." class="wp-image-2138" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/63690211-1024x838.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/63690211-300x246.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/63690211-768x628.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/63690211.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A cedar waxwing feeding on golden currant fruits.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph"><strong>Red-osier dogwood (<em>Cornus sericea</em>) </strong>offers clusters of small white fruits from mid-summer through fall. Gray catbirds and white-crowned sparrows are among the birds that feed on them. This medium-sized shrub also has brilliant red fall foliage. </p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">The native currants &#8211; such as <strong>golden currant (<em>Ribes aureum</em>)</strong> and <strong>bristly gooseberry (<em>Ribes setosum</em>)</strong> &#8211; are some of the earliest fruits to ripen in the summer. They provide a tasty snack for birds and people alike. <strong>Serviceberry (<em>Amelanchier alnifolia</em>)</strong> is another popular summer fruit for cedar waxwings, western tanagers, and thrushes.&nbsp;</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Elderberry, snowberry, and more</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200921_184528038-1024x768.jpg" alt="Silver buffaloberry (Shepherdia argentea)." class="wp-image-2157" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200921_184528038-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200921_184528038-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200921_184528038-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200921_184528038.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Silver buffaloberry (Shepherdia argentea).</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph"><strong>Blue elderberry (<em>Sambucus cerulea</em>)</strong> ripens in the fall, as does <strong>western mountain-ash (<em>Sorbus scopulina</em>)</strong>. The snowberries &#8211; <strong>common snowberry (<em>Symphoricarpos albus</em>)</strong> and <strong>western snowberry (<em>Symphoricarpos occidentalis</em>)</strong> &#8211; also ripen in the fall, but their fruits stick around through the winter. So do the wild roses, such as <strong>Woods’ rose (<em>Rosa woodsii</em>)</strong> and <strong>Nootka rose (<em>Rosa nutkana</em>)</strong>. <strong>Silver buffaloberry (<em>Shepherdia argentea</em>)</strong> is a great fall fruit that sometimes remains through mid-winter. Note that this is a large, thorny bush, though, and separate male and female plants are needed for pollination.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="769" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/69356431-1024x769.jpg" alt="A Townsend's solitaire feeding on Rocky Mountain juniper fruits." class="wp-image-2118" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/69356431-1024x769.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/69356431-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/69356431-768x577.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/69356431.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A Townsend&#8217;s solitaire feeding on Rocky Mountain juniper fruits.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph"><strong>Rocky Mountain juniper (</strong><strong><em>Juniperus scopulorum</em></strong><strong>) </strong>is a tall shrub that provides winter “berries” (actually fleshy cones) for Bohemian waxwings, Townsend’s solitaires, and American robins. Keep in mind that juniper, like silver buffaloberry, has separate male and female plants, so you’ll need both in your general area for pollination to occur. Juniper is also highly flammable &#8211; so it’s probably not a good idea to plant it in areas with high fire risk. Montana also has two lower-growing juniper species that provide options for smaller spaces: <strong>horizontal juniper (</strong><strong><em>Juniperus horizontalis</em></strong><strong>)</strong> and <strong>common juniper (</strong><strong><em>Juniperus communis</em></strong><strong>)</strong>.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color">Native plants for seeds</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="824" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/384210431-1024x824.jpg" alt="An American goldfinch feeding on late-fall seeds of common sunflower." class="wp-image-2119" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/384210431-1024x824.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/384210431-300x242.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/384210431-768x618.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/384210431.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">An American goldfinch feeding on late-fall seeds of common sunflower.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Many birds &#8211; such as American goldfinches, American tree sparrows, and pine siskins &#8211; commonly feed on seeds. In the case of sparrows, it’s often hard to see exactly what they’re eating, since they feed on the ground. Nevertheless, a few seed-bearing plants are especially noteworthy for the birds they attract. Montana’s native sunflowers &#8211; the annual <strong>common sunflower</strong> and the perennial<strong> Nuttall’s </strong>and <strong>Maximilian sunflowers </strong>&#8211; reliably attract goldfinches and pine siskins when their seeds ripen in the fall. Our pines, such as <strong>ponderosa</strong> and <strong>limber pine</strong>, feed nomadic groups of conifer-seed specialists such as red crossbills and Clark’s nutcrackers. <strong>Thinleaf alder, water birch,</strong> and <strong>paper birch</strong> provide winter seeds that often attract common redpolls and pine siskins.&nbsp;And many other native plants, from asters to grasses, also produce seeds that various finches and sparrows may use.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color">Native plants for nectar</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220608_233105315-1024x768.jpg" alt="Fuzzy-tongue penstemon." class="wp-image-2120" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220608_233105315-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220608_233105315-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220608_233105315-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220608_233105315.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Fuzzy-tongue penstemon.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">What about hummingbirds? These tiny, beloved hoverers often catch tiny insects &#8211; so providing habitat for insects is important to them, too. In addition, they’re well-known for their nectar-feeding habits. A variety of native plants with long, tubular flowers are popular hummingbird plants. These include <strong>orange honeysuckle (<em>Lonicera ciliosa</em>)</strong>, <strong>yellow columbine (<em>Aquilegia flavescens</em>)</strong>, <strong>scarlet gilia (<em>Ipomopsis aggregata</em>)</strong>, <strong>beebalm (<em>Monarda fistulosa</em>)</strong>, and the penstemons. Among western Montana&#8217;s common penstemons are <strong>Alberta beardtongue (<em>Penstemon albertinus</em>)</strong>, <strong>fuzzy-tongue penstemon (<em>Penstemon eriantherus</em>)</strong>, and <strong>small-flower beardtongue (<em>Penstemon procerus</em>)</strong>.&nbsp;In addition, some of the plants I&#8217;ve already mentioned for insects or fruits &#8211; such as golden currant &#8211; are popular nectar sources for hummingbirds.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color">Obtaining plants</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/252690541-1024x768.jpg" alt="A black-capped chickadee foraging for insects on serviceberry." class="wp-image-2121" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/252690541-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/252690541-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/252690541-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/252690541-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/252690541-2048x1536.jpg 2048w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A black-capped chickadee foraging for insects on serviceberry.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Where can you find these plants? Some local nurseries, such as <a href="https://www.gardenwerks.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">GardenWerks</a> in Helena, carry a limited selection of native plants. In addition, I was able to find three retail nurseries in western and central Montana that offer a wide selection of natives:&nbsp;</p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li><strong>Blake Nursery</strong>, Big Timber, MT: <a href="https://www.blakenursery.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.blakenursery.com/</a></li>



<li><strong>Center for Native Plants</strong>, Whitefish, MT: <a href="https://centerfornativeplants.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://centerfornativeplants.com/</a></li>



<li><strong>Pipilo Native Plants</strong>, Charlo, MT: <a href="https://www.pipilonatives.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.pipilonatives.com/</a></li>
</ul>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">(A fourth nursery, Southwest Montana Native Landscapes, has unfortunately closed, though it still shows up on a Google search.)</p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="777" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/59362881-1024x777.jpg" alt="A Bullock's oriole in a black cottonwood." class="wp-image-2122" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/59362881-1024x777.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/59362881-300x228.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/59362881-768x582.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/59362881.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A Bullock&#8217;s oriole in a black cottonwood.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">To find out more, I contacted these nurseries and asked them which plants they stock, of those I list in this article. <a href="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Native-plants-for-birds.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Find their responses here</a>.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">In addition to these retail nurseries, there are a few other commercial sources of native plants in western Montana. For larger projects, the <a href="https://dnrc.mt.gov/Forestry/Conservation-Nursery/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Montana Conservation Seedling Nursery</a> and <a href="https://www.greatbearnativeplants.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Great Bear Native Plants</a> accept wholesale orders. And if you want to start your own plants, <a href="https://nativeideals.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Native Ideals</a> sells locally grown seeds for a variety of Montana species. </p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200926_181848814-1024x768.jpg" alt="American plum." class="wp-image-2160" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200926_181848814-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200926_181848814-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200926_181848814-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200926_181848814.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">American plum.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Note that certain nurseries that don&#8217;t specialize in native plants may “stretch” the concept of &#8220;native&#8221; to include species that aren’t from Montana. For example, <em>Penstemon strictus</em> is sometimes sold as a native plant, but it grows in the wild in the southern Rocky Mountains and doesn’t reach Montana. When in doubt, look a plant up on the Montana Natural Heritage Program’s <a href="https://fieldguide.mt.gov/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Montana Field Guide</a> to learn about its status in the state, or check out the Biota of North America Program’s <a href="http://bonap.net/NAPA/Genus/Traditional/County" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">county-level range maps</a>. These maps are organized by genus and show the distribution, by county, of all wild and naturalized plants in the United States.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color">The bird-friendly garden</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="874" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/238615571-1024x874.jpg" alt="An American redstart in an aspen." class="wp-image-2123" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/238615571-1024x874.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/238615571-300x256.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/238615571-768x655.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/238615571.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">An American redstart in an aspen.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Is this a comprehensive list of all of the plants that are important for bird-friendly gardening in Montana? <em>No!</em> I’ve neglected to mention native maples (<em>Acer</em> spp.), raspberries (<em>Rubus </em>spp.), hawthorns (<em>Crataegus</em> spp.), and many others. </p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">When it comes to growing habitat for birds, there are always more plants you can add. But even if you do nothing more than add a patch of chokecherries and a handful of goldenrods to your yard, where previously there was just lawn, you&#8217;ll have made a good start. As the chokecherries leaf out in the spring, wait for the yellow-rumped warblers to appear, hunting insects. When the fruits ripen in the fall, look for the flocks of cedar waxwings and robins. And if you have the space in your yard to include all of the plants I&#8217;ve mentioned here, along with a water source&#8230; in a few years, your yard will be a paradise for birds. </p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph"><em>This story was produced with support from the <a href="https://goldcountrymg.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Gold Country Master Gardener Association</a>.</em></p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color">Further reading</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="869" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/158204741-1024x869.jpg" alt="A yellow-rumped warbler in a willow." class="wp-image-2126" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/158204741-1024x869.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/158204741-300x255.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/158204741-768x652.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/158204741.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A yellow-rumped warbler in a willow.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Acopian Bird Savers: prevent birds from flying into windows. Retrieved from <a href="https://www.birdsavers.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.birdsavers.com/</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">American Bird Conservancy. (2013, January 29). Outdoor cats: single greatest source of human-caused mortality for birds and mammals, says new study. Retrieved from <a href="https://abcbirds.org/news/outdoor-cats-single-greatest-source-of-human-caused-mortality-for-birds-and-mammals-says-new-study/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://abcbirds.org/news/outdoor-cats-single-greatest-source-of-human-caused-mortality-for-birds-and-mammals-says-new-study/</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Biota of North America Program. (2014). BONAP’s North American Plant Atlas (NAPA). Retrieved from <a href="http://bonap.net/NAPA/Genus/Traditional/County" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://bonap.net/NAPA/Genus/Traditional/County</a></p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200910_131503868-1024x768.jpg" alt="Wetland habitat: a beaver dam with common cattail (Typha latifolia) and sandbar willow." class="wp-image-2161" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200910_131503868-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200910_131503868-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200910_131503868-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200910_131503868.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Wetland habitat: a beaver dam with common cattail (Typha latifolia) and sandbar willow. This area is home to red-winged blackbirds, Wilson&#8217;s snipes, song sparrows, common yellowthroats, and more.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Center for Native Plants. (n.d.) Our most bird friendly species. Retrieved from <a href="https://centerfornativeplants.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/cnp_plantselection_birds-1.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://centerfornativeplants.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/cnp_plantselection_birds-1.pdf</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Cornell Lab of Ornithology. (2016, December 5). FAQ: Outdoor cats and their effects on birds. Retrieved from <a href="https://www.allaboutbirds.org/news/faq-outdoor-cats-and-their-effects-on-birds/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.allaboutbirds.org/news/faq-outdoor-cats-and-their-effects-on-birds/</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Cornell Lab of Ornithology. (2023). All about birdhouses. Retrieved from <a href="https://nestwatch.org/learn/all-about-birdhouses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://nestwatch.org/learn/all-about-birdhouses/</a></p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><a href="http://wildwithnature.com/2022/06/10/life-at-plant-speed/"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="722" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220608_235306800.MP_-1024x722.jpg" alt="Native grassland habitats can host extremely diverse plant communities. This rocky hilltop community includes cutleaf daisy (Erigeron compositus), Sandberg bluegrass (Poa secunda), white-margined phlox (Phlox albomarginata), and stemless goldenweed (Stenotus acaulis)." class="wp-image-2162" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220608_235306800.MP_-1024x722.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220608_235306800.MP_-300x212.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220608_235306800.MP_-768x541.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220608_235306800.MP_.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Native prairie habitats can host extremely diverse plant communities. <a href="http://wildwithnature.com/2022/06/10/life-at-plant-speed/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">This rocky hilltop community</a> includes cutleaf daisy (Erigeron compositus), Sandberg bluegrass (Poa secunda), white-margined phlox (Phlox albomarginata), and stemless goldenweed (Stenotus acaulis). Common grassland-nesting birds in western Montana include western meadowlarks and vesper sparrows. A yard-sized patch of prairie probably won&#8217;t attract these birds unless you live within a larger patch of grassland &#8211; but chipping sparrows, goldfinches, and more will likely show up to feed on seeds and insects.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Cornell Lab of Ornithology. (2023, February 24). Why birds hit windows &#8211; and how you can help prevent it. Retrieved from <a href="https://www.allaboutbirds.org/news/why-birds-hit-windows-and-how-you-can-help-prevent-it/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.allaboutbirds.org/news/why-birds-hit-windows-and-how-you-can-help-prevent-it/</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Friends of the Mississippi River. (2022). Goldenrod or ragweed: which causes allergies and which benefits pollinators? Retrieved from <a href="https://fmr.org/updates/conservation/goldenrod-or-ragweed-which-causes-allergies-and-which-benefits-pollinators" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://fmr.org/updates/conservation/goldenrod-or-ragweed-which-causes-allergies-and-which-benefits-pollinators</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Loss, S.R., Will, T., Loss, S.S., &amp; Marra, P.P. (2014). Bird-building collisions in the United States: estimates of annual mortality and species vulnerability. <em>The Condor</em> 116(1):8-23. Retrieved from <a href="https://bioone.org/journals/the-condor/volume-116/issue-1/CONDOR-13-090.1/Birdbuilding-collisions-in-the-United-States--Estimates-of-annual/10.1650/CONDOR-13-090.1.full" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://bioone.org/journals/the-condor/volume-116/issue-1/CONDOR-13-090.1/Birdbuilding-collisions-in-the-United-States&#8211;Estimates-of-annual/10.1650/CONDOR-13-090.1.full</a></p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/S36769226_Riparian-1024x768.jpg" alt="Native shrub thickets such as this one host an incredible diversity of birds. This thicket includes red-osier dogwood, western snowberry, and thinleaf alder. Common summer birds here include yellow warblers, gray catbirds, cedar waxwings, and song sparrows." class="wp-image-2163" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/S36769226_Riparian-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/S36769226_Riparian-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/S36769226_Riparian-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/S36769226_Riparian.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Native shrub thickets such as this one host an incredible diversity of birds. This thicket includes red-osier dogwood, western snowberry, and thinleaf alder. Common summer birds here include yellow warblers, gray catbirds, cedar waxwings, and song sparrows.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Montana Natural Heritage Program. (n.d.). Montana Field Guide. Montana State Library. Retrieved from <a href="https://fieldguide.mt.gov/default.aspx" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://fieldguide.mt.gov/default.aspx</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Narango, D.L., Tallamy, D.W., &amp; Shropshire, K.J. (2020). Few keystone plant genera support the majority of Lepidoptera species. <em>Nature Communications</em> 11:5751. Retrieved from <a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/345818119_Few_keystone_plant_genera_support_the_majority_of_Lepidoptera_species" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.researchgate.net/publication/345818119_Few_keystone_plant_genera_support_the_majority_of_Lepidoptera_species</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">National Wildlife Federation. (2023). Native plants (by zip code). Retrieved from <a href="https://www.nwf.org/NativePlantFinder/Plants" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.nwf.org/NativePlantFinder/Plants</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Rosenberg, K.V., Dokter, A.M., Blancher, P.J., Sauer, J.R., Smith, A.C., Smith, P.A., … Marra, P.P. (2019). Decline of the North American avifauna. <em>Science </em>366:120-124. Retrieved from <a href="https://www.birds.cornell.edu/home/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/DECLINE-OF-NORTH-AMERICAN-AVIFAUNA-SCIENCE-2019.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.birds.cornell.edu/home/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/DECLINE-OF-NORTH-AMERICAN-AVIFAUNA-SCIENCE-2019.pdf</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Sánchez-Bayo, F. &amp; Wyckhuys, K.A.G. (2019). Worldwide decline of the entomofauna: a review of its drivers. <em>Biological Conservation</em> 232: 8-27. Retrieved from <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0006320718313636" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0006320718313636</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Smallwood, J.A. &amp; Bird, D.M. (2020). American kestrel (<em>Falco sparverius</em>), version 1.0. <em>In</em> Birds of the World (A.F. Poole &amp; F.B. Gill, editors). Ithaca, NY: Cornell Lab of Ornithology. Retrieved from <a href="https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/amekes/cur/introduction" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/amekes/cur/introduction</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Tallamy, D.W. (2019). <em>Nature’s best hope: a new approach to conservation that starts in your yard.</em> Portland, OR: Timber Press.</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2023/03/24/montana-native-plants-for-birds/">How to grow a bird-friendly garden in western Montana</a> appeared first on <a href="https://wildwithnature.com">Wild With Nature</a>.</p>
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			<slash:comments>9</slash:comments>
		
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>Cómo cultivar un jardín para las aves en el occidente de Montana</title>
		<link>https://wildwithnature.com/2023/03/24/montana-plantas-nativas-para-aves/</link>
					<comments>https://wildwithnature.com/2023/03/24/montana-plantas-nativas-para-aves/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Shane Sater]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 24 Mar 2023 09:05:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Aves]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Historias en español]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Plantas]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Acanthis flammea]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Alberta beardtongue]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Alnus incana]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Amelanchier alnifolia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[American plum]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Aquilegia flavescens]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Artemisia cana]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Artemisia frigida]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Artemisia ludoviciana]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[beebalm]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Betula occidentalis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[big sagebrush]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[black cottonwood]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[blue elderberry]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Bombycilla cedrorum]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Bombycilla garrulus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[bristly gooseberry]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Canada goldenrod]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Cardellina pusilla]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[chokecherry]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[common juniper]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[common snowberry]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[common sunflower]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Cornus sericea]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Fragaria vesca]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[fringed sage]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[fuzzy-tongue penstemon]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[gardening]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Geothlypis trichas]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[giant goldenrod]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[golden currant]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[habitat]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Helianthus annuus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Helianthus maximiliani]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Helianthus nuttallii]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[horizontal juniper]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Icterus bullockii]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[insect diversity]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ipomopsis aggregata]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Juniperus horizontalis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Lonicera ciliosa]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Lupinus argenteus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Lupinus sericeus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Maximilian sunflower]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Missouri goldenrod]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Monarda fistulosa]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Myadestes townsendi]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Nuttall&#039;s sunflower]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[orange honeysuckle]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Penstemon albertinus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Penstemon eriantherus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Pinus flexilis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Pinus ponderosa]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[plains cottonwood]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Poecile atricapillus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ponderosa pine]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Populus balsamifera]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Populus deltoides]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Populus tremuloides]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Prunus americana]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Prunus virginiana]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[quaking aspen]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[red-osier dogwood]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ribes setosum]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Rocky Mountain juniper]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Rosa nutkana]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Rosa woodsii]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Salix exigua]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Salix scouleriana]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sambucus cerulea]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[sandbar willow]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[scarlet gilia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Scouler&#039;s willow]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[serviceberry]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Setophaga petechia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Setophaga ruticilla]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Shepherdia argentea]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sialia mexicana]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[silky lupine]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[silver buffaloberry]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[silver sagebrush]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Spinus tristis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Symphoricarpos albus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Symphoricarpos occidentalis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Turdus migratorius]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[western mountain-ash]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[western snowberry]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[western tanager]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[white sagebrush]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[wild strawberry]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Wood&#039;s rose]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[yellow columbine]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Zonotrichia leucophrys]]></category>
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					<description><![CDATA[<p>Cuando comparas las aves de un césped cortado con las que viven en un parche de capulines (Prunus virginiana), la diferencia es fuerte. Tal vez [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2023/03/24/montana-plantas-nativas-para-aves/">Cómo cultivar un jardín para las aves en el occidente de Montana</a> appeared first on <a href="https://wildwithnature.com">Wild With Nature</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<figure class="wp-block-image size-full is-resized"><a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2023/03/24/montana-native-plants-for-birds/"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="734" height="188" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-es-2.jpg" alt="Podcast bilingüe de la naturaleza" class="wp-image-3489" style="width:auto;height:100px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-es-2.jpg 734w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-es-2-300x77.jpg 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 734px) 100vw, 734px" /></a></figure>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><iframe style="border-radius:12px" src="https://open.spotify.com/embed/episode/0wNCCVGqs4qunaX8xuJW4P?utm_source=generator&amp;t=0" width="100%" height="152" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="" allow="autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; fullscreen; picture-in-picture" loading="lazy"></iframe></p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="870" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70973801-1024x870.jpg" alt="A juvenile cedar waxwing eating a chokecherry." class="wp-image-2104" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70973801-1024x870.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70973801-300x255.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70973801-768x653.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70973801.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Un chinito joven comiendo una fruta del capulín.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Cuando comparas las aves de un césped cortado con las que viven en un parche de capulines (<em>Prunus virginiana</em>), la diferencia es fuerte. Tal vez el césped mantendría a unos estorninos pintos (<em>Sturnus vulgaris</em>) y mirlos primavera (<em>Turdus migratorius</em>). Es posible que, al final de la migración primaveral, unos desesperados zorzales de anteojos (<em>Catharus ustulatus</em>) pudieran pasar por ahí. </p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="872" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70017851-1024x872.jpg" alt="A migrating Wilson's warbler in a chokecherry." class="wp-image-2105" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70017851-1024x872.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70017851-300x256.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70017851-768x654.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70017851.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Un chipe corona negra en un capulín durante la migración.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Los capulines, por otro lado, mantienen una intrincada comunidad de vida, desde la mariposa cometa xochiquetzal (<em>Papilio multicaudata</em>) hasta docenas de especies de aves. Cuando las frutas maduran a ser jugosas y de color negro profundo al final del verano, atraen chinitos (<em>Bombycilla cedrorum</em>), clarines norteños (<em>Myadestes townsendii</em>), pirangas capucha roja (<em>Piranga ludoviciana</em>), mirlos primavera y pinzones mexicanos (<em>Haemorhous mexicanus</em>). Por otra parte, a través de la estación de crecimiento, las hojas mantienen diversos insectos &#8211; y las aves que los comen. Puedes ver chipes corona negra (<em>Cardellina pusilla</em>) revoloteando por las hojas, así como reyezuelos matraquita (<em>Regulus calendula</em>), chipes rabadilla amarilla (<em>Setophaga coronata</em>) y vireos gorjeadores (<em>Vireo gilvus</em>).</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Cuando consideramos la diversidad de la vida cerca de nosotros, es fácil ver varias malas noticias en esa época. Durante los últimos 50 años, hemos perdido <a href="https://www.birds.cornell.edu/home/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/DECLINE-OF-NORTH-AMERICAN-AVIFAUNA-SCIENCE-2019.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">2,9 mil millones de aves reproductoras</a> en Norteamérica. A la vez, científicos en varias partes del mundo han reportado <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0006320718313636" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">declives rápidos de insectos que solían ser comunes</a>. Sin embargo, al tomar algunas simples decisiones sobre lo que vamos a cultivar en nuestros jardines, podemos contribuir en revertir estas tendencias. En nuestros jardines, parques y vecindarios, podemos proveer hogares para las aves, las abejas y las orugas. Y hacerlo no sólo tiene que ver con evitar extinciones &#8211; también es algo muy divertido.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Este artículo se enfoca en las plantas que podemos cultivar para las aves en la mitad occidental de Montana, EE.UU. Si vives en otra región, las plantas específicas serán diferentes, pero las recomendaciones generales serán las mismas. </p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color">Empezando: el hábitat para las aves</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="795" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/59362931-1024x795.jpg" alt="An American robin taking a bath." class="wp-image-2107" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/59362931-1024x795.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/59362931-300x233.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/59362931-768x596.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/59362931.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Un mirlo primavera bañándose.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Cada especie de ave tiene su propia historia de vida. Los hábitats que usa, dónde anida, si emigra o no &#8211; todo esto varía. Sin embargo, todas las aves necesitan comida, abrigo, agua y seguridad contra los depredadores. Las plantas &#8211; en concreto, especies particulares de plantas nativas al paisaje local &#8211; ofrecen buena comida y abrigo. Pero antes de que pongamos atención a los detalles de estas plantas, consideremos el agua y los depredadores.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Algunas aves, como los cernícalos americanos (<em>Falco sparverius</em>), pueden conseguir en su comida más o menos toda la humedad que necesitan. El resto de las aves tienen que beber agua. Si incluyes una provisión de agua en tu jardín, tal como un baño de aves que limpias regularmente o un humedal pequeño, puedes atraer las aves a beber o bañarse.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Ten cuidado con los depredadores</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="807" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220523_002444234-1024x807.jpg" alt="An &quot;Acopian bird saver&quot; bird-friendly window in Ruth Swenson's Helena, MT garden." class="wp-image-2150" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220523_002444234-1024x807.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220523_002444234-300x237.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220523_002444234-768x605.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220523_002444234.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Una ventana buena para aves en el jardín de Ruth Swenson en Helena, MT.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">¿Qué hay de los depredadores en nuestros jardines? Los gatos domésticos al aire libre pueden ser increíblemente letales para las aves cantoras en los vecindarios. Sólo en los Estados Unidos, los gatos domésticos matan a <a href="https://abcbirds.org/news/outdoor-cats-single-greatest-source-of-human-caused-mortality-for-birds-and-mammals-says-new-study/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">más de mil millones de aves cada año</a>. Este número es tan grande que es casi inimaginable. No obstante, hay <em>muchos</em> gatos domésticos al aire libre en los Estados Unidos: cerca de 50 millones como mascotas, además de hasta 100 millones de gatos ferales. Manejar estos gatos, <a href="https://www.allaboutbirds.org/news/faq-outdoor-cats-and-their-effects-on-birds/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">especialmente los ferales</a>, puede ser un asunto de disputa. Pero mantener tus propios gatos dentro de la casa es un paso relativamente fácil. Haciendo esto, vas a hacer que tu jardín no sea una trampa letal para las aves cantoras.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Las ventanas no son depredadores, pero son otro letal peligro para las aves cantoras en el vecindario. En los Estados Unidos, se estima que matan <a href="https://bioone.org/journals/the-condor/volume-116/issue-1/CONDOR-13-090.1/Birdbuilding-collisions-in-the-United-States--Estimates-of-annual/10.1650/CONDOR-13-090.1.full" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">más de 350 millones de aves cada año</a>. <a href="https://www.allaboutbirds.org/news/why-birds-hit-windows-and-how-you-can-help-prevent-it/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Un artículo por el Cornell Lab of Ornithology</a> resume este tema y presenta algunas soluciones. De estas, probablemente <a href="https://www.birdsavers.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">los Salvapájaros Acopianos</a> son una de las más elegantes. Este discreto diseño de baja tecnología consiste en hileras verticales de cuerdas, separadas por cuatro pulgadas, que cuelgan del exterior de una ventana. Puedes construirlos por ti mismo usando cualquier cuerda o bambú, o puedes comprarlos en línea.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Incluyendo características de hábitats diferentes</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="789" height="1024" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/69595041-789x1024.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-2108" style="width:400px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/69595041-789x1024.jpg 789w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/69595041-231x300.jpg 231w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/69595041-768x997.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/69595041-1183x1536.jpg 1183w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/69595041.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 789px) 100vw, 789px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Los cascanueces americanos son aves comunes en el bosque conífero, pero están raros fuera de este hábitat.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Hablando en general, todas las aves están asociadas con uno o más de tres grandes hábitats: el bosque, la pradera o el humedal. ¿Cuáles de estos hábitats forman el paisaje cerca de ti? La respuesta a esta pregunta va a influir en las posibilidades para tu jardín para las aves.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">¿Vives en el medio de un bosque del ayarín (<em>Pseudotsuga menziesii</em>), o en una zona residencial en el valle? Los cascanueces americanos (<em>Nucifraga columbiana</em>) probablemente no vayan a visitar tu jardín a menos que tengas parches de coníferos cerca de ti. Igualmente, es probable que no vayas a atraer ni saltaparedes pantaneros (<em>Cistothorus palustris</em>) ni agachonas norteamericanas (<em>Gallinago delicata</em>) a menos que vivas cerca de un humedal. </p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Por otra parte, la mayoría de las aves que viven en las praderas necesitan relativamente amplios espacios abiertos con gramíneas y hierbas. Por eso, a menos que esto describa el área cerca de tu casa, es probable que no tendrás gorriones chapulín (<em>Ammodramus savannarum</em>) ni praderos del oeste (<em>Sturnella neglecta</em>) en tu jardín. Mientras tanto, varias aves de matorrales o de los bordes de los bosques sí usarán jardines durante la migración o la estación reproductiva. Y, por supuesto, hay varias especies que usan más de uno de estos hábitats.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Generalmente, para hacer que tu jardín invite más a las aves, vale considerar componentes de estos tres hábitats: el bosque, la pradera y el humedal. Es poco probable que un estanque pequeño atraerá las agachonas norteamericanas &#8211; pero, otra vez, el agua hará que las aves puedan beber y bañarse. Tampoco es probable que un pequeño parche de pradera mantendrá a gorriones chapulín, pero ofrecerá importantes semillas e insectos a las aves del borde del matorral, tales como los gorriones cejas blancas (<em>Spizella passerina</em>). Y los parches de nativos árboles y arbustos, como los capulines, van a proveer comida y abrigo para diversas aves migratorias y reproductivas.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color">¿Por qué las plantas nativas?</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="863" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/85451811-1024x863.jpg" alt="A bohemian waxwing feeds on fruits of Russian-olive, an invasive tree." class="wp-image-2109" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/85451811-1024x863.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/85451811-300x253.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/85451811-768x647.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/85451811.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Un ampelis europeo comiendo las frutas del árbol del paraíso, un árbol invasor.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Probablemente te hayas dado cuenta de que sigo mencionando las plantas <strong>nativas</strong> para las aves. <em>¿Por qué eso sería importante?</em> podrías preguntarte. Tal vez hayas notado que los mirlos primavera y los ampelis europeos (<em>Bombycilla garrulus</em>) suelen comer las frutas del árbol del paraíso (<em>Elaeagnus angustifolia</em>), una planta invasora frecuentemente cultivada que a menudo escapa del cultivo para competir contra los álamos y sauces nativos en nuestras riberas. O quizás hayas observado un pinzón mexicano (<em>Haemorhous mexicanus</em>) o un picamaderos norteamericano (<em>Dryocopus pileatus</em>) picoteando una manzana &#8211; otra fruta no nativa.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="963" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/240159601-1024x963.jpg" alt="A western bluebird feeding on an adult moth. Insects - especially the larvae of butterflies and moths - are critical foods for most of our songbirds." class="wp-image-2110" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/240159601-1024x963.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/240159601-300x282.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/240159601-768x722.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/240159601.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Un azulejo garganta azul alimentándose con una polilla adulta. Los insectos &#8211; especialmente las larvas de las mariposas y las polillas &#8211; son recursos esenciales para la mayoría de nuestras aves cantoras.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Sí, claro que <em>hay</em> plantas no nativas que algunas aves usarán. Pero en conjunto, las plantas nativas son bastante superiores para nuestras aves. ¿Por qué? Tiene que ver con la comida &#8211; y específicamente, los insectos. Doug Tallamy, un investigador que ha pasado décadas estudiando las aves y los insectos, escribe que el 96% de las aves terrestres norteamericanas depende muchísimo de los insectos durante la estación reproductiva. Las orugas blandas y jugosas son especialmente importantes. Y mientras que las plantas nativas han coevolucionado con los insectos nativos, en comparación las plantas no nativas son un desierto para la diversidad de insectos.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Puede ser que una planta no nativa como el árbol del paraíso siga proveyendo frutas que alimenten algunas especies. Pero comparado con un capulín u otra planta nativa, es mucho menos útil para la mayoría de nuestras aves. Si quieres atraer una abundancia de aves a tu jardín, las plantas nativas te ayudarán mucho.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph"><em>Dale, ¿cuáles especies debo plantar para las aves?</em> podrías estar preguntando. Acá están algunas recomendaciones para el occidente de Montana, organizadas según los tipos de alimento que proveen.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color">Plantas nativas para los insectos</h3>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">¿Cuáles plantas nativas les proveen la mayor cantidad de insectos a nuestras aves? Para hacer recomendaciones para regiones diferentes, Doug Tallamy y Kimberley Shropshire colaboraron con el National Wildlife Federation para crear <a href="https://www.nwf.org/NativePlantFinder/Plants" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">un sitio web interactivo que se puede buscar por el código postal</a>. Por cada código postal, esta herramienta predice cuántas especies de orugas cada planta nativa mantendrá. Y resulta que, en cualquier región de Norteamérica en la que estés, solamente unas especies de plantas nativas mantienen la mayoría de las orugas.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="821" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/241778961-1024x821.jpg" alt="A western tanager in a native diamond willow (Salix eriocephala)." class="wp-image-2111" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/241778961-1024x821.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/241778961-300x241.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/241778961-768x616.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/241778961.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Una piranga capucha roja en un sauce nativo (<em>Salix eriocephala</em>).</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Cerca de Helena, Montana, los sauces (<em>Salix</em> spp.) encabezan la lista. Estos arbustos acogen hasta 309 especies de orugas &#8211; jugosos sacos de proteína para alimentar nuestras aves reproductivas. Muchos de nuestros sauces nativos crecen en humedales, pero <strong><em>Salix scouleriana</em> </strong>y <strong><em>Salix exigua</em> </strong>son especies comunes que suelen crecer en áreas más secas.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/163104721-1024x768.jpg" alt="A yellow warbler singing from a chokecherry." class="wp-image-2112" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/163104721-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/163104721-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/163104721-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/163104721.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Un chipe amarillo cantando en un capulín.</figcaption></figure>
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<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Los álamos (<em>Populus</em> spp.) también son muy importantes para las orugas, manteniendo hasta 245 especies. Entre ellos están las especies <em><strong>Populus balsamifera</strong></em> y <em><strong>Populus deltoides</strong></em> &#8211; pero fíjate en que estos árboles son reconocidos por caersele las ramas. Otra opción es <strong>el álamo temblón (<em>Populus tremuloides</em>)</strong>, pero esta especie forma matorrales por sus rizomas subterráneos. Por estas razones, los álamos son más apropiados en espacios grandes.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph"><strong>El capulín (<em>Prunus virginiana</em>) </strong>y<strong> la ciruela americana (<em>Prunus americana</em>)</strong> forman matorrales y son arbustos excelentes para el hábitat de las aves. (Albergan hasta 227 especies de orugas &#8211; y ve <a href="http://wildwithnature.com/2022/06/03/chokecherries-and-birds/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">este artículo</a> por una exploración de los otros minúsculos insectos que viven en los capulines). Sin embargo, si vives en un área con alto riesgo de conflictos con los osos, fíjate en que los capulines y las ciruelas pueden atraer osos cuando las frutas maduran en el otoño.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Abedules, alisos y pinos</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="802" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/237377911-1024x802.jpg" alt="A common yellowthroat in a thinleaf alder." class="wp-image-2113" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/237377911-1024x802.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/237377911-300x235.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/237377911-768x602.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/237377911.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Una mascarita común en un aliso gris.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Nuestros abedules nativos (<em>Betula</em> spp.) mantienen 211 especies de orugas. La <strong><em>Betula occidentalis</em> </strong>es un árbol pequeño que suele crecer al lado de los arroyos; la <em><strong>Betula papyrifera</strong></em> es un árbol mucho más grande. Y los abedules hacen mucho más que sólo proveer un montón de insectos. Sus troncos (como los de los álamos) son sitios populares para los nidos de las aves que anidan en cavidades, tales como los carboneros cabecinegros (<em>Poecile atricapillus</em>) o los saltaparedes comunes (<em>Troglodytes aedon</em>). (Si no quieres esperar hasta que tus árboles crezcan, el Cornell Lab of Ornithology también provee <a href="https://nestwatch.org/learn/all-about-birdhouses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">instrucciones detalladas de montaje para las cajas nido</a>). Además de los abedules, <strong>el aliso gris (<em>Alnus incana</em>)</strong>, una especie pariente, es un arbusto grande o un árbol pequeño que mantiene 196 especies de orugas.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="794" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/73020331-1024x794.jpg" alt="Red crossbills feeding on ponderosa pine cones." class="wp-image-2164" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/73020331-1024x794.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/73020331-300x233.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/73020331-768x595.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/73020331.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Unos picotuertos rojos alimentándose de una piña del pino ponderosa.</figcaption></figure>
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<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Entre los coníferos, los pinos (<em>Pinus</em> spp.) son importantes para las orugas, alojando hasta 188 especies. Cerca de Helena, la <em><strong>Pinus ponderosa</strong></em> y la <strong><em>Pinus flexilis</em> </strong>son opciones buenas. Sin embargo, recuerda que crecen para ser árboles bastante grandes. También, dependiendo de tus alrededores, podría ser que no quieras plantarlos cerca de tu casa por el riesgo de incendios.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Varas de oro, fresas y más</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="853" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/21_Solidago-gigantea15-1024x853.jpg" alt="A noctuid moth (Euxoa sp.) visiting giant goldenrod flowers." class="wp-image-2114" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/21_Solidago-gigantea15-1024x853.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/21_Solidago-gigantea15-300x250.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/21_Solidago-gigantea15-768x640.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/21_Solidago-gigantea15.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Una polilla de la familia Noctuidae (<em>Euxoa</em> sp.) visitando las flores de la vara de oro gigante.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Y ¿qué tal las plantas herbáceas? Para las orugas, la vara de oro (<em>Solidago</em> spp.) encabeza la lista, albergando 65 especies. Varas de oro comunes en Montana incluyen <em><strong>Solidago gigantea, Solidago canadensis</strong></em> y <em><strong>Solidago missouriensis</strong></em>. A menudo se culpan estas plantas por alergias al fin del verano, pero<a href="https://fmr.org/updates/conservation/goldenrod-or-ragweed-which-causes-allergies-and-which-benefits-pollinators" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"> esto es un mito</a>: típicamente los culpables son las plantas del género <em>Ambrosia</em>, que florecen a la misma vez.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="824" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/74861251-1024x824.jpg" alt="Many plants that provide insects also provide fruits or seeds. This common redpoll is foraging on a seedhead of big sagebrush, presumably eating the seeds." class="wp-image-2116" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/74861251-1024x824.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/74861251-300x242.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/74861251-768x618.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/74861251.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Varias plantas que aportan insectos también aportan frutas o semillas. Este pardillo norteño está alimentándose en una inflorescencia de artemisa (<em>Artemisia tridentata</em>), donde probablemente está comiendo las semillas.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Otras hierbas que mantienen números grandes de mariposas y polillas incluyen las nativas fresas y girasoles. Las fresas (<em><strong>Fragaria virginiana</strong></em> y <em><strong>Fragaria vesca</strong></em>) se mantienen bajas; puede ser que no compitan bien con plantas más altas y vigorosas. Los girasoles, al otro lado, son tanto altos como vigorosos. En Montana, <strong>el</strong> <strong>girasol común (</strong><em><strong>Helianthus annuus</strong></em><strong>)</strong> es una abundante planta anual que suele crecer al lado de las carreteras. También tenemos dos especies perennes comunes, <strong><em>Helianthus nuttallii</em></strong> y <strong><em>Helianthus maximiliani</em></strong>.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">También cabe mencionar los lupinos y las artemisas, que respectivamente alojan 40 y 35 especies de orugas. Algunos de los lupinos comunes en Montana son <strong><em>Lupinus argenteus</em></strong> y <strong><em>Lupinus sericeus</em></strong>. Las artemisas son muy diversas en Montana e incluyen tanto arbustos, entre ellos la <strong><em>Artemisia tridentata</em></strong> o la <strong><em>Artemisia cana</em></strong>, como hierbas, por ejemplo la <em><strong>Artemisia frigida</strong></em> o la <strong><em>Artemisia ludoviciana</em></strong>.  </p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color">Plantas nativas para proveer frutas</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70018061-1024x768.jpg" alt="A white-crowned sparrow eating red-osier dogwood fruits." class="wp-image-2117" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70018061-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70018061-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70018061-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70018061.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Un gorrión corona blanca comiendo las frutas de <em>Cornus sericea</em>.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Ya he mencionado que el capulín mantiene una diversidad de insectos. Además de los insectos, este arbusto también provee frutas. En el otoño, el capulín es un recurso fenomenal para los chinitos, los mirlos primavera y muchas otras aves. Y además del capulín, hay una amplia variedad de otras frutas nativas que atraen las aves, desde julio hasta el invierno. Muchas de estas plantas también albergan una diversidad notable de orugas (aunque apoyan menos especies de orugas que los árboles y arbustos que ya he mencionado).</p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="838" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/63690211-1024x838.jpg" alt="A cedar waxwing feeding on golden currant fruits." class="wp-image-2138" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/63690211-1024x838.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/63690211-300x246.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/63690211-768x628.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/63690211.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Un chinito comiendo las frutas de la grosella <em>Ribes aureum.</em></figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">La <strong><em>Cornus sericea</em> </strong>ofrece manojos de pequeñas frutas blancas desde medio verano hasta el otoño. Los maulladores grises (<em>Dumetella caroliniensis</em>) y los gorriones corona blanca (<em>Zonotrichia leucophrys</em>) están entre las aves que las comen. Este arbusto de media altura también tiene un llamativo follaje otoñal de rojo oscuro.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Las grosellas nativas &#8211; tales como el <strong><em>Ribes aureum</em></strong> o el <strong><em>Ribes setosum</em></strong> &#8211; son algunas de las frutas más tempranas al madurar en el verano. Ofrecen una merienda sabrosa, tanto para las aves como para gente. <strong>El guillomo (<em>Amelanchier alnifolia</em>)</strong> es otra querida fruta veraniega para los chinitos, las pirangas capucha roja y los zorzales.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Saúcos, perlitas y más</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200921_184528038-1024x768.jpg" alt="Silver buffaloberry (Shepherdia argentea)." class="wp-image-2157" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200921_184528038-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200921_184528038-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200921_184528038-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200921_184528038.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">El arbusto <em>Shepherdia argentea</em>.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Las frutas del<strong> saúco azul (<em>Sambucus cerulea</em>)</strong> maduran en el otoño, así como las del serbal (<strong><em>Sorbus scopulina</em></strong>). Las bayas de las perlitas &#8211; <strong><em>Symphoricarpos albus</em></strong> y <strong><em>Symphoricarpos occidentalis</em></strong> &#8211; también maduran en el otoño, pero siguen siendo disponible a través del invierno. Esto es el caso también por los rosales, tales como <strong><em>Rosa woodsii</em></strong> y <strong><em>Rosa nutkana</em></strong>. El arbusto <em><strong>Shepherdia argentea</strong></em> es otra buena especie cuyas frutas a veces permanecen hasta medio invierno. Sin embargo, nota que este arbusto es grande y espinoso, y se necesita distintas hembras y machos para polinizarlo. </p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="769" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/69356431-1024x769.jpg" alt="A Townsend's solitaire feeding on Rocky Mountain juniper fruits." class="wp-image-2118" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/69356431-1024x769.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/69356431-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/69356431-768x577.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/69356431.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Un clarín norteño comiendo las frutas del enebro <em>Juniperus scopulorum</em>.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">El enebro<strong> <em>Juniperus scopulorum</em> </strong>es un arbusto de gran altura que provee &#8220;bayas&#8221; invernales (las cuales realmente son piñas carnosas) para los ampelis europeos, los clarines norteños y los mirlos primavera. Fíjate en que el enebro, así como la <em>Shepherdia argentea</em>, tiene distintas hembras y machos: vas a necesitar los dos en tu área general para que la polinización ocurra. Además, el enebro es altamente inflamable &#8211; así que probablemente sería una mala idea plantarlo en áreas con alto riesgo de incendios. Montana también tiene dos enebros de más baja altura, el <strong><em>Juniperus horizontalis</em></strong> y el <strong><em>Juniperus communis</em></strong>, que proveen opciones para espacios más pequeños.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color">Plantas nativas para proveer semillas</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="824" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/384210431-1024x824.jpg" alt="An American goldfinch feeding on late-fall seeds of common sunflower." class="wp-image-2119" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/384210431-1024x824.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/384210431-300x242.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/384210431-768x618.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/384210431.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Un jilguerito canario comiendo las semillas del girasol común en la parte tarde del otoño.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Varias aves &#8211; como los jilgueritos canarios (<em>Spinus tristis</em>), los jilgueritos pineros (<em>Spinus pinus</em>), los chingolos arbóreos (<em>Spizelloides arborea</em>) y otros gorriones &#8211; a menudo se alimentan de semillas. En el caso de los gorriones, generalmente es difícil ver exactamente lo que comen, dado que suelen alimentarse en el suelo. No obstante, algunas plantas son especialmente notables por las aves que sus semillas atraen. </p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Los girasoles en Montana &#8211; el anual <em><strong>Helianthus annuus</strong></em> y los perennes <em><strong>Helianthus nuttallii</strong></em> y <em><strong>Helianthus maximiliani</strong></em> &#8211; atraen de forma fiable los jilgueritos canario y pinero cuando sus semillas maduran en el otoño. Nuestros pinos, como la <strong><em>Pinus ponderosa</em></strong> o la <em><strong>Pinus flexilis</strong></em>, mantienen grupos errantes de aves que se especializan en las semillas coníferas, incluso el picotuerto rojo (<em>Loxia curvirostra</em>) y el cascanueces americano. <strong>El aliso gris</strong> y <strong>los abedules</strong> proveen semillas invernales que suelen alimentar los pardillos norteños (<em>Acanthis flammea</em>) y los jilgueritos pineros. Y varias otras plantas nativas, desde las asteráceas hasta las gramíneas, también producen semillas que varios pinzones y gorriones pueden usar.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color">Plantas nativas para proveer néctar</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220608_233105315-1024x768.jpg" alt="Fuzzy-tongue penstemon." class="wp-image-2120" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220608_233105315-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220608_233105315-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220608_233105315-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220608_233105315.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">La campanita <em>Penstemon eriantherus</em>.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">¿Qué tal los colibrís? Estas minúsculas y queridas aves suelen cazar insectos diminutos. Por eso, plantar el hábitat para los insectos les importa a los colibrís también. Además, son bien conocidos por su predilección por alimentarse con néctar. Varias plantas nativas con flores largas y cilíndricas son populares con los colibrís. Entre ellas están la <strong><em>Lonicera ciliosa</em></strong>, la <strong><em>Aquilegia flavescens</em></strong>, la<strong> <em>Ipomopsis aggregata</em></strong>, la<strong> <em>Monarda fistulosa</em></strong> y las campanitas (<em>Penstemon</em> spp.). Las campanitas comunes del occidente de Montana incluyen el <strong><em>Penstemon albertinus</em></strong>, el<strong> <em>Penstemon eriantherus</em></strong> y el <strong><em>Penstemon procerus</em></strong>. Además, algunas de las plantas que ya he mencionado por los insectos o las frutas &#8211; como la grosella <strong><em>Ribes aureum</em></strong> &#8211; son fuentes populares de néctar para los colibrís.&nbsp;</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color">Cómo obtener plantas</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/252690541-1024x768.jpg" alt="A black-capped chickadee foraging for insects on serviceberry." class="wp-image-2121" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/252690541-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/252690541-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/252690541-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/252690541-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/252690541-2048x1536.jpg 2048w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Un carbonero cabecinegro buscando insectos en un guillomo (<em>Amelanchier alnifolia</em>).</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">¿Dónde puedes encontrar estas plantas? Algunos viveros locales, como <a href="https://www.gardenwerks.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">GardenWerks</a> en Helena, tienen una variedad limitada de plantas nativas. Además, logré hallar tres viveros minoristas en la parte occidental o central de Montana que ofrecen una amplia variedad de plantas nativas:</p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li><strong>Blake Nursery</strong>, Big Timber, MT: <a href="https://www.blakenursery.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.blakenursery.com/</a></li>



<li><strong>Center for Native Plants</strong>, Whitefish, MT: <a href="https://centerfornativeplants.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://centerfornativeplants.com/</a></li>



<li><strong>Pipilo Native Plants</strong>, Charlo, MT: <a href="https://www.pipilonatives.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.pipilonatives.com/</a></li>
</ul>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">(Un cuarto vivero, Southwest Montana Native Landscapes, lamentablemente ha cerrado, aunque todavía parece en una búsqueda de Google.)</p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="777" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/59362881-1024x777.jpg" alt="A Bullock's oriole in a black cottonwood." class="wp-image-2122" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/59362881-1024x777.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/59362881-300x228.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/59362881-768x582.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/59362881.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Una calandria cejas naranjas en un álamo negro.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Para aprender más, me puse en contacto con estos viveros y les pregunté cuáles plantas tienen, de las que he mencionado en este artículo. <a href="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Native-plants-for-birds.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Encuentra sus respuestas aquí.</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Además de estos viveros minoristas, hay unas fuentes comerciales adicionales para plantas nativas en el occidente de Montana. Para proyectos grandes, el <a href="https://dnrc.mt.gov/Forestry/Conservation-Nursery/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Montana Conservation Seedling Nursery</a> y <a href="https://www.greatbearnativeplants.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Great Bear Native Plants</a> aceptan pedidos mayoristas. Y si quieres germinar tus propias semillas, <a href="https://nativeideals.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Native Ideals</a> vende semillas localmente cultivadas por una variedad de especies nativas a Montana. </p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200926_181848814-1024x768.jpg" alt="American plum." class="wp-image-2160" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200926_181848814-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200926_181848814-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200926_181848814-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200926_181848814.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Una ciruela americana (<em>Prunus americana</em>).</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Fíjate en que algunos viveros que no se especializan en plantas nativas a veces &#8220;extenden&#8221; el concepto de &#8220;nativo&#8221; para incluir especies que no son realmente nativas a Montana. Por ejemplo, a veces se vende <em>Penstemon strictus</em> como una planta nativa, pero esta especie existe en estado salvaje sólo en el sur de las Montañas Rocosas y no llega a Montana. Si hay alguna duda sobre una especie, búscala en el <a href="https://fieldguide.mt.gov/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Montana Field Guide</a> del Montana Natural Heritage Program para aprender más sobre su situación en el estado, o revisa <a href="http://bonap.net/NAPA/Genus/Traditional/County" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">los mapas al nivel del condado</a> presentados por el Biota of North America Program. Estos mapas se organizan por el género de planta y muestran la extensión, al nivel del condado, en la que reside cada planta salvaje o naturalizada en los Estados Unidos.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color">El jardín para las aves</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="874" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/238615571-1024x874.jpg" alt="An American redstart in an aspen." class="wp-image-2123" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/238615571-1024x874.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/238615571-300x256.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/238615571-768x655.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/238615571.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Un pavito migratorio en un álamo temblón.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">¿Es esto una lista completa de todas las plantas que serían importantes para cultivar un jardín para las aves en Montana? ¡Claro que no! No he mencionado los arces nativos (<em>Acer</em> spp.), ni las frambuesas (<em>Rubus </em>spp.), ni los espinos (<em>Crataegus </em>spp.) ni muchos otros.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Si queremos cultivar un buen hábitat para las aves, siempre habrá más plantas que podemos añadir. Pero aun si no hicieras nada más que plantar un parche de capulines y unas varas de oro donde antes sólo había un césped cortado, habrás empezado bien. Mientras los capulines abran sus hojas en la primavera, espera hasta que los chipes rabadilla amarilla aparezcan, cazando insectos. Cuando las frutas maduren en el otoño, busca las bandadas de chinitos y mirlos primavera. Y si tienes espacio en tu jardín para incluir todas las plantas que he mencionado acá&#8230; en pocos años, tu jardín será un paraíso para las aves.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph"><em>Esta historia fue producida con apoyo de la <a href="https://goldcountrymg.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Gold Country Master Gardener Association</a>.</em></p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color">Leer más</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="869" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/158204741-1024x869.jpg" alt="A yellow-rumped warbler in a willow." class="wp-image-2126" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/158204741-1024x869.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/158204741-300x255.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/158204741-768x652.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/158204741.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Un chipe rabadilla amarilla en un sauce.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Acopian Bird Savers: prevent birds from flying into windows. Recuperado de <a href="https://www.birdsavers.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.birdsavers.com/</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">American Bird Conservancy. (2013, el 29 de enero). Outdoor cats: single greatest source of human-caused mortality for birds and mammals, says new study. Recuperado de  <a href="https://abcbirds.org/news/outdoor-cats-single-greatest-source-of-human-caused-mortality-for-birds-and-mammals-says-new-study/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://abcbirds.org/news/outdoor-cats-single-greatest-source-of-human-caused-mortality-for-birds-and-mammals-says-new-study/</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Biota of North America Program. (2014). BONAP’s North American Plant Atlas (NAPA). Recuperado de <a href="http://bonap.net/NAPA/Genus/Traditional/County" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://bonap.net/NAPA/Genus/Traditional/County</a></p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200910_131503868-1024x768.jpg" alt="Wetland habitat: a beaver dam with common cattail (Typha latifolia) and sandbar willow." class="wp-image-2161" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200910_131503868-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200910_131503868-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200910_131503868-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200910_131503868.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">El hábitat del humedal: una represa del castor con totoras (<em>Typha latifolia</em>) y sauces de hojas angostas. Esta área mantiene a tordos sargentos, agachonas norteamericanas, gorriones cantores, mascaritas comunes y más.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Center for Native Plants. (sin fecha). Our most bird friendly species. Recuperado de <a href="https://centerfornativeplants.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/cnp_plantselection_birds-1.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://centerfornativeplants.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/cnp_plantselection_birds-1.pdf</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Cornell Lab of Ornithology. (2016, el 5 de diciembre). FAQ: Outdoor cats and their effects on birds. Recuperado de <a href="https://www.allaboutbirds.org/news/faq-outdoor-cats-and-their-effects-on-birds/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.allaboutbirds.org/news/faq-outdoor-cats-and-their-effects-on-birds/</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Cornell Lab of Ornithology. (2023). All about birdhouses. Recuperado de <a href="https://nestwatch.org/learn/all-about-birdhouses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://nestwatch.org/learn/all-about-birdhouses/</a></p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><a href="http://wildwithnature.com/2022/06/10/life-at-plant-speed/"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="722" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220608_235306800.MP_-1024x722.jpg" alt="Native grassland habitats can host extremely diverse plant communities. This rocky hilltop community includes cutleaf daisy (Erigeron compositus), Sandberg bluegrass (Poa secunda), white-margined phlox (Phlox albomarginata), and stemless goldenweed (Stenotus acaulis)." class="wp-image-2162" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220608_235306800.MP_-1024x722.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220608_235306800.MP_-300x212.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220608_235306800.MP_-768x541.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220608_235306800.MP_.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Los hábitats de praderas nativas pueden mantener a comunidades vegetales extremadamente diversas. En <a href="http://wildwithnature.com/2022/06/10/life-at-plant-speed/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">esta comunidad rocosa en la cima de una colina</a>, se puede ver las especies <em>Erigeron compositus, Poa secunda, Phlox albomarginata</em> y<em> Stenotus acaulis</em>. En el occidente de Montana, aves comunes que anidan en praderas incluyen praderos del oeste y gorriones cola blanca. Una pradera del tamaño de un jardín no atraerá a estas aves a menos que vivas dentro de un parche más grande de llanura. Sin embargo, es probable que gorriones cejas blancas, jilgueritos canarios y otros vayan a aparecer para alimentarse de semillas e insectos.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Cornell Lab of Ornithology. (2023, el 24 de febrero). Why birds hits windows &#8211; and how you can help prevent it. Recuperado de <a href="https://www.allaboutbirds.org/news/why-birds-hit-windows-and-how-you-can-help-prevent-it/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.allaboutbirds.org/news/why-birds-hit-windows-and-how-you-can-help-prevent-it/</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Friends of the Mississippi River. (2022). Goldenrod or ragweed: which causes allergies and which benefits pollinators? Recuperado de <a href="https://fmr.org/updates/conservation/goldenrod-or-ragweed-which-causes-allergies-and-which-benefits-pollinators" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://fmr.org/updates/conservation/goldenrod-or-ragweed-which-causes-allergies-and-which-benefits-pollinators</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Loss, S.R., Will, T., Loss, S.S., &amp; Marra, P.P. (2014). Bird-building collisions in the United States: estimates of annual mortality and species vulnerability. <em>The Condor</em> 116(1):8-23. Recuperado de <a href="https://bioone.org/journals/the-condor/volume-116/issue-1/CONDOR-13-090.1/Birdbuilding-collisions-in-the-United-States--Estimates-of-annual/10.1650/CONDOR-13-090.1.full" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://bioone.org/journals/the-condor/volume-116/issue-1/CONDOR-13-090.1/Birdbuilding-collisions-in-the-United-States&#8211;Estimates-of-annual/10.1650/CONDOR-13-090.1.full</a></p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/S36769226_Riparian-1024x768.jpg" alt="Native shrub thickets such as this one host an incredible diversity of birds. This thicket includes red-osier dogwood, western snowberry, and thinleaf alder. Common summer birds here include yellow warblers, gray catbirds, cedar waxwings, and song sparrows." class="wp-image-2163" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/S36769226_Riparian-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/S36769226_Riparian-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/S36769226_Riparian-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/S36769226_Riparian.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Matorrales de arbustos nativos &#8211; como este matorral &#8211; mantienen una diversidad increíble de aves. Este matorral incluye las especies <em>Cornus sericea, Symphoricarpos occidentalis</em> y <em>Alnus incana</em>. En el verano, es común encontrar a chipes amarillos, maulladores grises, chinitos y gorriones cantores acá.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Montana Natural Heritage Program. (sin fecha). Montana Field Guide. Montana State Library. Recuperado de <a href="https://fieldguide.mt.gov/default.aspx" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://fieldguide.mt.gov/default.aspx</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Narango, D.L., Tallamy, D.W., &amp; Shropshire, K.J. (2020). Few keystone plant genera support the majority of Lepidoptera species. <em>Nature Communications</em> 11:5751. Recuperado de <a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/345818119_Few_keystone_plant_genera_support_the_majority_of_Lepidoptera_species" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.researchgate.net/publication/345818119_Few_keystone_plant_genera_support_the_majority_of_Lepidoptera_species</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">National Wildlife Federation. (2023). Native plants (by zip code). Recuperado de <a href="https://www.nwf.org/NativePlantFinder/Plants" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.nwf.org/NativePlantFinder/Plants</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Rosenberg, K.V., Dokter, A.M., Blancher, P.J., Sauer, J.R., Smith, A.C., Smith, P.A., … Marra, P.P. (2019). Decline of the North American avifauna. <em>Science </em>366:120-124. Recuperado de <a href="https://www.birds.cornell.edu/home/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/DECLINE-OF-NORTH-AMERICAN-AVIFAUNA-SCIENCE-2019.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.birds.cornell.edu/home/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/DECLINE-OF-NORTH-AMERICAN-AVIFAUNA-SCIENCE-2019.pdf</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Sánchez-Bayo, F. &amp; Wyckhuys, K.A.G. (2019). Worldwide decline of the entomofauna: a review of its drivers. <em>Biological Conservation</em> 232: 8-27. Recuperado de <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0006320718313636" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0006320718313636</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Smallwood, J.A. &amp; Bird, D.M. (2020). American kestrel (<em>Falco sparverius</em>), versión 1.0. <em>En</em> Birds of the World (A.F. Poole &amp; F.B. Gill, editores). Ithaca, NY: Cornell Lab of Ornithology. Recuperado de <a href="https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/amekes/cur/introduction" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/amekes/cur/introduction</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Tallamy, D.W. (2019). <em>Nature’s best hope: a new approach to conservation that starts in your yard.</em> Portland, OR: Timber Press.</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2023/03/24/montana-plantas-nativas-para-aves/">Cómo cultivar un jardín para las aves en el occidente de Montana</a> appeared first on <a href="https://wildwithnature.com">Wild With Nature</a>.</p>
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		<title>A flood of migration and a harassed peregrine falcon</title>
		<link>https://wildwithnature.com/2022/09/15/peregrine-migration/</link>
					<comments>https://wildwithnature.com/2022/09/15/peregrine-migration/#comments</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Shane Sater]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 15 Sep 2022 22:58:44 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Birds]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[English-language stories]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Water]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Accipiter striatus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ardea herodias]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Cistothorus palustris]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Falco columbarius]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Falco peregrinus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Geothlypis trichas]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[habitat]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mareca americana]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Melospiza lincolnii]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Melospiza melodia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mergus merganser]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[migration]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Pica hudsonia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Porzana carolina]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Spatula clypeata]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Spokane Bay]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Zonotrichia albicollis]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://wildwithnature.com/?p=1172</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>September 13, 2022 It’s the sort of day when Spokane Bay is covered with birds and anything seems possible. A great blue heron is wading [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2022/09/15/peregrine-migration/">A flood of migration and a harassed peregrine falcon</a> appeared first on <a href="https://wildwithnature.com">Wild With Nature</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><iframe loading="lazy" src="https://anchor.fm/shane-sater/embed/episodes/A-flood-of-migration-and-a-harassed-peregrine-falcon-e1nupt7" height="102px" width="400px" frameborder="0" scrolling="no"></iframe></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph"><strong>September 13, 2022</strong></p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/DSCN0810-1024x940.jpg" alt="A great blue heron foraging in the marsh. Is that a snail it has in its beak?" class="wp-image-1175" width="512" height="470" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/DSCN0810-1024x940.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/DSCN0810-300x276.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/DSCN0810-768x705.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/DSCN0810.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A great blue heron foraging in the marsh. Is that a snail it has in its beak?</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">It’s the sort of day when <a href="http://wildwithnature.com/2022/09/01/spokane-bay/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Spokane Bay</a> is covered with birds and anything seems possible. A great blue heron is wading in the shallows, stalking prey. I can’t see what it’s catching, but every few steps it plunges its beak forward, stabbing a small food item from the water. In the cattail marsh behind the heron, the common yellowthroats are chipping constantly as they dart cryptically through the stems. The cattail leaves are just beginning to turn yellow.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/DSCN0781-1024x971.jpg" alt="A song sparrow and Lincoln's sparrow pose together in the shrubs. Note that the (nearer) song sparrow is larger and chubbier, while the more distant Lincoln's sparrow has very crisp, narrow dark streaks on a buffy background." class="wp-image-1176" width="512" height="486" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/DSCN0781-1024x971.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/DSCN0781-300x285.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/DSCN0781-768x728.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/DSCN0781.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A song sparrow and a Lincoln&#8217;s sparrow pose together in the shrubs. Note that the (nearer) song sparrow is larger and chubbier, while the more distant Lincoln&#8217;s sparrow has crisper, narrower dark streaks on a buffy background.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Closer to me, there are dozens of birds in the low thicket of snowberry, rose, and golden currant that borders the marsh. It’s a talkative community, but one that largely stays hidden. With some patience, though, a few of these birds begin to show themselves among the shrubs. There are fat, gray song sparrows making their <em>chimp</em> calls. The Lincoln’s sparrows, their smaller, more crisply-streaked cousins, are pausing here as well. Once in a while, I can hear their sharp <em>zeet</em> calls. There are young, drab white-crowned sparrows here, along with bright yellow Wilson’s warblers. Several gray catbirds pop up from the cover of the snowberry, one of them making an emphatic, sharp call.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/DSCN0774-1024x894.jpg" alt="A gray catbird among the snowberry." class="wp-image-1177" width="512" height="447" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/DSCN0774-1024x894.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/DSCN0774-300x262.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/DSCN0774-768x671.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/DSCN0774.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A gray catbird among the snowberry.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Fall migration is in full swing now &#8211; in spite of the wildfire smoke, which is back after a few days of respite late last week. And with all of the birds on the move, Spokane Bay is bursting with activity.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Food among the algae</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/DSCN0795-1024x916.jpg" alt="A sora foraging among the algae." class="wp-image-1178" width="512" height="458" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/DSCN0795-1024x916.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/DSCN0795-300x269.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/DSCN0795-768x687.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/DSCN0795.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A sora foraging among the algae.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">A sora rail has crept out from the cattails that border the shallows of the bay. It looks like a small chicken as it wades out on top of a mat of green algae, picking mysterious foods from among this carpet. A marsh wren has started singing from the cattails.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Farther out on the bay, the algae has decreased notably since last week. Perhaps the cool nights have discouraged its growth. More ducks are showing up on the bay: a handful of American wigeons and northern shovelers have joined the mallards and mergansers here.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/DSCN0738-1024x759.jpg" alt="A hooded merganser swims after a slightly larger common merganser on the bay. Note the common merganser's white chin, versus the hooded merganser's gray chin." class="wp-image-1179" width="512" height="380" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/DSCN0738-1024x759.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/DSCN0738-300x222.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/DSCN0738-768x569.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/DSCN0738.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A hooded merganser swims after a (slightly larger) common merganser on the bay. Note the common merganser&#8217;s white chin, versus the hooded merganser&#8217;s gray chin.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Suddenly, a merlin makes a low pass over the marsh, a <em>whoosh</em> of fast-winged falcon trying to hunt lunch. The birds of the marsh have lucked out this time: they’re all well-hidden by the snowberry and cattails. The merlin continues on, and the momentary threat of sudden death has passed.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Merlins, sharp-shins, and peregrines</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/DSCN0734-1024x704.jpg" alt="The peregrine falcon, pestered by magpies, taking off once again." class="wp-image-1180" width="512" height="352" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/DSCN0734-1024x704.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/DSCN0734-300x206.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/DSCN0734-768x528.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/DSCN0734.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">The peregrine falcon, pestered by magpies, takes off once again.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">With all of the songbirds and ducks stopping here, Spokane Bay is getting to be a predator magnet. Just a few minutes ago, I spotted a sharp-shinned hawk circling over the bay, rising higher and higher on a thermal. And still earlier, I spotted a much larger predator here.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/DSCN0816-1024x874.jpg" alt="Another view of the peregrine falcon." class="wp-image-1181" width="512" height="437" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/DSCN0816-1024x874.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/DSCN0816-300x256.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/DSCN0816-768x655.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/DSCN0816.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Another view of the peregrine falcon.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">I had been hearing the nasal calls of the magpies for a while, absentmindedly. Finally, I decided to take a look at the group that was perching high on the ridge. What were they doing? That was when I saw ten black-billed magpies congregated around a large, dark raptor perched on a snag. It was a peregrine falcon: duck-hunter extraordinaire and incredibly long-distance migrant. Some peregrines from the Canadian tundra <a href="https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/perfal/cur/introduction" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">spend the winter in Buenos Aires, Argentina</a>, hunting pigeons and bats over the streets of that massive city.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">But today, it was clear that this peregrine wasn’t enjoying an easy meal of city pigeons. In fact, it seemed to be having a very bad morning. For a while, the falcon resolutely managed to ignore the harassment of the magpies. But finally, it was all too much. The peregrine took off, evidently irritated, heading south along the ridgeline. A hundred yards away it landed again, apparently hoping for some peace, but the magpies followed it like a cloud of bad news. Pestered to desperation, it took off again and continued south, out of sight. But minutes later, it was back, still trailing a cloud of determined, hostile magpies.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Predators and habitat</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/PXL_20220913_185224302-1024x636.jpg" alt="Spokane Bay, a haven for fall migrants even on this smoky day - including peregrine falcons, Wilson's warblers, and dozens of white-crowned sparrows." class="wp-image-1182" width="512" height="318" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/PXL_20220913_185224302-1024x636.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/PXL_20220913_185224302-300x186.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/PXL_20220913_185224302-768x477.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/PXL_20220913_185224302.jpg 1499w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Spokane Bay, a haven for fall migrants even on this smoky day.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Why were the magpies being so hostile? </p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Peregrines don’t <em>just</em> eat ducks. And it seemed that these magpies knew in their bones what I had learned five years before, on the other side of the Helena Valley. On that October day, I watched a migrating peregrine <a href="https://ebird.org/checklist/S39563282" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">capture an unwitting magpie</a>, plowing into it in a high-speed dive. Today, the message of the magpies was clear: <em>get out! You aren’t welcome here.</em></p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/DSCN0765-1024x872.jpg" alt="A Wilson's warbler pops up briefly from among the snowberry." class="wp-image-1183" width="512" height="436" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/DSCN0765-1024x872.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/DSCN0765-300x256.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/DSCN0765-768x654.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/DSCN0765.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A Wilson&#8217;s warbler pops up briefly from among the snowberry.</figcaption></figure>
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<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">It’s on a day like this, when we’re surrounded by fall migration, that the importance of habitat becomes especially obvious. All of the birds stopping over here are hungry. They need sources of food &#8211; and hiding places where they can be safe from merlins and peregrines. At the same time, these migrating merlins and peregrines <em>need</em> to hunt: they also have an incredible migration to fuel.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">How fortunate, then, that we have cattail stands to feed and shelter the common yellowthroats and marsh wrens. We have an aquatic food web that supports soras, ducks, and great blue herons. We have thickets of shrubs where dozens of sparrows and Wilson’s warblers can find food and hide from predators. And in the midst of this bird oasis, there&#8217;s also food for the falcons and hawks. I’m glad this is here.</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2022/09/15/peregrine-migration/">A flood of migration and a harassed peregrine falcon</a> appeared first on <a href="https://wildwithnature.com">Wild With Nature</a>.</p>
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