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	<title>Hexura picea Archives - Wild With Nature</title>
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	<title>Hexura picea Archives - Wild With Nature</title>
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	<item>
		<title>Getting to know Washington&#8217;s spiders</title>
		<link>https://wildwithnature.com/2023/09/01/washington-spiders/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=washington-spiders</link>
					<comments>https://wildwithnature.com/2023/09/01/washington-spiders/#comments</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Shane Sater]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 01 Sep 2023 17:23:20 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[English-language stories]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Other Wildlife]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Acer macrophyllum]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Alnus rubra]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Anyphaena aperta]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[bigleaf maple]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Douglas-fir]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[habitat]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Hexura picea]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Metellina curtisi]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Misumena vatia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Pelegrina]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Pelegrina aeneola]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Phanias albeolus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Philodromus rufus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Pityohyphantes rubrofasciatus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Plethodon vehiculum]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Pseudotsuga menziesii]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[red alder]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[red-backed salamander]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[spiders]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Theridion bimaculatum]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Theridion sexpunctatum]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Theridion tinctum]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Tibellus oblongus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Troglodytes pacificus]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://wildwithnature.com/?p=2834</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>April 27, 2023 If you hate spiders, I have bad news for you: the world is full of them. In the state of Washington alone, [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2023/09/01/washington-spiders/">Getting to know Washington&#8217;s spiders</a> appeared first on <a href="https://wildwithnature.com">Wild With Nature</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<figure class="wp-block-image size-full is-resized"><a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2023/09/01/aranas-de-washington/"><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" width="706" height="181" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-en-2.jpg" alt="Bilingual nature podcast" class="wp-image-3486" style="width:auto;height:100px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-en-2.jpg 706w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-en-2-300x77.jpg 300w" sizes="(max-width: 706px) 100vw, 706px" /></a></figure>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><iframe style="border-radius:12px" src="https://open.spotify.com/embed/episode/03Xu44sJYUUQrPWU0Wo9nb?utm_source=generator&amp;t=0" width="100%" height="152" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="" allow="autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; fullscreen; picture-in-picture" loading="lazy"></iframe></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph"><strong>April 27, 2023</strong></p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Metellina-sp-1024x768.jpg" alt="A spider in the genus Metellina perches in its web." class="wp-image-2836" style="width:512px;height:undefinedpx" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Metellina-sp-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Metellina-sp-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Metellina-sp-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Metellina-sp-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Metellina-sp-2048x1536.jpg 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">The orb-weaving spider <em>Metellina curtisi</em> perches in its web, suspended from a red-osier dogwood.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">If you hate spiders, I have bad news for you: the world is full of them. In the state of Washington alone, there are at least 970 species. But in spite of many peoples&#8217; prejudices, this is actually good news! Of the 970 spiders in Washington, only one species, the western black widow, can be somewhat dangerous to humans. And our incredibly diverse spiders—many of them the size of a pinhead and ignored by almost everyone—play an important role in terrestrial food chains, eating literally tons of insects as well as feeding salamanders and birds.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Rod Crawford is no stranger to pinhead-sized spiders. For the past 52 years, he has been studying Washington’s diverse spider fauna. Rod is the curator of arachnids at the University of Washington’s Burke Museum. His research involves collecting spiders from different habitats all across the state, identifying them, and maintaining the Burke Museum’s impressive arachnid collection. (Read more about Rod, and find accounts of his frequent spider-collecting forays, on his website <a href="https://crawford.tardigrade.net/journal/index.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">here</a>.)</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Today Rod and I are parked alongside a gravel road in a patchwork of forest and clearcuts near Oakville, Washington, about 30 miles southwest of Olympia. We’ll be spending the day collecting spiders here: part of Rod&#8217;s ongoing effort to fill the gaps in our knowledge of the state&#8217;s spiders.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large is-resized"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/PXL_20230427_185235232-1024x768.jpg" alt="Our site for collecting spiders near Oakville." class="wp-image-2838" style="width:768px;height:undefinedpx" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/PXL_20230427_185235232-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/PXL_20230427_185235232-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/PXL_20230427_185235232-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/PXL_20230427_185235232.jpg 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Our spider-collecting site near Oakville, Washington.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Spiders and their habitats</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="998" height="1024" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/478_Argiope-trifasciata1-998x1024.jpg" alt="The banded argiope (Argiope trifasciata), a striking web-builder that is typical of late summer in Montana." class="wp-image-2839" style="width:499px;height:undefinedpx" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/478_Argiope-trifasciata1-998x1024.jpg 998w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/478_Argiope-trifasciata1-292x300.jpg 292w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/478_Argiope-trifasciata1-768x788.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/478_Argiope-trifasciata1.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 998px) 100vw, 998px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">The banded argiope (Argiope trifasciata), a striking web-builder that is widespread across much of North America. This species would not be expected to occur at our forested site near Oakville.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Spiders are generalist predators, eating just about any insect or other small creature that they can chase down or trap in their webs. How, then, do 970 species manage to live in Washington without all competing for the same foods? Spiders, it turns out, specialize in the microhabitats where they live and in how they hunt.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Certain spiders only live on sagebrush. Others find shelter among the evergreen needles of conifers. Still others, incredibly, are <a href="https://bioone.org/journals/Western-North-American-Naturalist/volume-74/issue-4/064.074.0406/A-Survey-of-Spiders-Found-in-Fallen-Pine-Cones-in/10.3398/064.074.0406.short" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">found primarily in fallen pine cones</a>. And of course, some species are generalists, occupying a broader range of habitats.&nbsp;</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Hunting strategies vary, too. Many species weave webs, which range in appearance from sheets to funnels to orbs. Others, like the wolf spiders (family Lycosidae), chase their prey across the ground, moving rapidly on their eight legs.&nbsp;</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">The patchwork of forest and logging roads that we’re searching today has five major microhabitats we can check for spiders.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">“The major habitats here are going to be sifting litter, sifting moss from trees, beating the sword fern understory, sweeping grass and roadside herbs, and beating conifer foliage,” Rod tells me.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">There are a few other places we can also look if we have extra time. The wolf spiders, those web-less hunters, run across the ground in open areas. There are certain spiders that hide on downed wood in the forest. Meanwhile, other species are associated with wetland areas.&nbsp;</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Spiders of the deciduous leaf layer</h3>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">I follow Rod as he begins checking the first habitat, the deciduous leaf litter. We climb down a slope where mature red alders (<em>Alnus rubra</em>) cast their shade on a low layer of redwood sorrel (<em>Oxalis oregana</em>) and Pacific bleeding heart (<em>Dicentra formosa</em>). Beneath the spring herbs, the blanket of last year&#8217;s dead leaves smells of rich earth. We focus on patches where the red alder leaves (<em>Alnus rubra</em>) have piled up deep under the sword ferns (<em>Polystichum munitum</em>). Rod takes handfuls of the moist leaves and shoves them into a black plastic trash bag.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/PXL_20230427_190700254-1024x768.jpg" alt="Redwood sorrel (Oxalis oregona) and Pacific bleeding heart (Dicentra formosa) grow above the layer of deciduous leaf litter." class="wp-image-2842" style="width:768px;height:undefinedpx" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/PXL_20230427_190700254-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/PXL_20230427_190700254-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/PXL_20230427_190700254-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/PXL_20230427_190700254.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Redwood sorrel (Oxalis oregona) and Pacific bleeding heart (Dicentra formosa) grow above the layer of deciduous leaf litter.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">When the trash bag is full of leaves, we return to the hood of my car, where Rod has spread out a piece of canvas. He scoops clumps of leaves into a tub with a coarse-screened bottom, letting small creatures fall through onto the canvas. Now we begin the laborious process of picking out tiny spiders, which Rod will collect for the museum.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/PXL_20230427_191223117-1024x768.jpg" alt="Sorting the leaf litter through a tub with a screen bottom." class="wp-image-2844" style="width:768px;height:undefinedpx" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/PXL_20230427_191223117-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/PXL_20230427_191223117-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/PXL_20230427_191223117-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/PXL_20230427_191223117.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Sorting the leaf litter through a tub with a screen bottom.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">It’s one thing to know, intellectually, that there are lots of tiny creatures living in the leaf litter. It’s another thing entirely to actually <em>see</em> this complex community, this diversity of common but seldom-seen creatures. There are springtails, mites, rove beetles, centipedes, carabid beetles, isopods, millipedes, and more. From time to time we see <a href="https://bugguide.net/node/view/2892" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">pseudoscorpions</a>, which look like tiny lobsters with dark red pincers.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="975" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/PXL_20230427_192218104.MP_-1024x975.jpg" alt="A pseudoscorpion from the leaf litter." class="wp-image-2859" style="width:512px;height:undefinedpx" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/PXL_20230427_192218104.MP_-1024x975.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/PXL_20230427_192218104.MP_-300x286.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/PXL_20230427_192218104.MP_-768x732.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/PXL_20230427_192218104.MP_.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A pseudoscorpion (in the family Neobisiidae) from the leaf litter.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Life among dead leaves</h3>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Rod is a taxonomist of the leaf litter, rapidly outpacing my grasp of scientific Latin as he rattles off the names of the creatures he’s seeing. To identify most of the spiders to the species level, he’ll need to look at them under a microscope in the lab, but he is able to recognize many of them to the genus level in the field. And he can identify much more than just spiders, naming particular isopods, centipedes, and millipedes as we run across them.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="655" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/PXL_20230427_195404182.MP_-1024x655.jpg" alt="Rod samples leaf litter from beneath a mature bigleaf maple." class="wp-image-2845" style="width:512px;height:undefinedpx" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/PXL_20230427_195404182.MP_-1024x655.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/PXL_20230427_195404182.MP_-300x192.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/PXL_20230427_195404182.MP_-768x492.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/PXL_20230427_195404182.MP_.jpg 1500w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Rod samples leaf litter from beneath a mature bigleaf maple.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Once we finish with the alder leaves, we take a sample from beneath a bigleaf maple (<em>Acer macrophyllum</em>). Rod pulls out a clump of whitish fungal threads from among the leaves.&nbsp;</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">“Collembola food,” he says, referring to the springtails by their scientific name. These creatures are decomposers, feeding on fungi and fallen leaves. The food web of this world in miniature—fueled by a fresh pulse of deciduous leaves every fall—is becoming apparent.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">It becomes even more apparent when we find a red-backed salamander (<em>Plethodon vehiculum</em>) among the damp maple leaves. These lungless salamanders breathe through their skin and live in moist areas, where they hunt spiders and other small invertebrates. This one isn&#8217;t much more than an inch long. We quickly return it to the moist leaf litter below the maple.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Later, we find a <em>second</em> red-backed salamander, this one as long as my middle finger. It’s a sign that this is a high-quality forest floor, Rod says.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">The spider diversity reflects the quality of the habitat here, too. “This has been a pretty good litter sample, probably eight or ten species [of spiders],” Rod continues.</p>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="521" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/inverts-leaflitter-1024x521.jpg" alt="Invertebrates - and a red-backed salamander - from the leaf litter." class="wp-image-2846" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/inverts-leaflitter-1024x521.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/inverts-leaflitter-300x153.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/inverts-leaflitter-768x391.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/inverts-leaflitter-1536x782.jpg 1536w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/inverts-leaflitter.jpg 2000w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Invertebrates—and a red-backed salamander—from the leaf litter. Clockwise from upper left: a mite harvestman in the genus Siro; a juvenile of the spider <em>Hexura picea</em>; red-backed salamander (<em>Plethodon vehiculum</em>); a beetle in the family Carabidae; a pseudoscorpion in the family Neobisiidae.</figcaption></figure>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Spiders of the mosses</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="817" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/PXL_20230427_210945391-1024x817.jpg" alt="The moss habitat." class="wp-image-2848" style="width:512px;height:undefinedpx" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/PXL_20230427_210945391-1024x817.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/PXL_20230427_210945391-300x239.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/PXL_20230427_210945391-768x612.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/PXL_20230427_210945391.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">The moss habitat.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Now it’s time to search for arachnids among the mosses. Thick, moist carpets of moss on the trunks of deciduous trees make excellent homes for certain spiders, Rod tells me. We set forth into the forest again, collecting samples of moss to screen for invertebrates.&nbsp;</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">The moss is mostly dry after several days of sunny spring weather, and it’s dusty from the nearby logging road. The invertebrates we’re finding here seem rather less abundant today than in the leaf litter—mostly isopods, rove beetles, and jumping bristletails. But, as Rod predicted, we also find some different species of spiders. Rod shows me the yellow-tinged <em>Ethobuella tuonops</em>. This is one of the most common spiders in Washington’s mosses, he tells me, but it&#8217;s rarely seen because so few people do this kind of careful spider search.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="361" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/inverts-moss-1024x361.jpg" alt="A selection of spiders found in the mosses." class="wp-image-2851" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/inverts-moss-1024x361.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/inverts-moss-300x106.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/inverts-moss-768x271.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/inverts-moss-1536x542.jpg 1536w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/inverts-moss.jpg 2000w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A selection of spiders found in the mosses. From left: a male <em>Theridion sexpunctatum; </em>a juvenile jumping spider in the genus <em>Pelegrina</em>; a juvenile <em>Anyphaena aperta</em>.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">After hours of sifting through leaves and moss, it’s time for a change of pace. Rod sends me to collect spiders from roadside grasses and herbs while he collects from sword ferns in the forest. After the painstaking sifting, sweeping an insect net through the grasses, coltsfoot, and wild carrot is a refreshing change of pace. It’s easy work, but it gets exciting when I stop and open up the canvas net to see what I’ve caught.&nbsp;</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/PXL_20230427_231210733-1024x768.jpg" alt="The roadside herbs." class="wp-image-2852" style="width:768px;height:undefinedpx" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/PXL_20230427_231210733-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/PXL_20230427_231210733-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/PXL_20230427_231210733-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/PXL_20230427_231210733.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">The roadside herbs.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<h3 class="wp-block-heading">The spiders of the roadside herbs and Douglas-firs</h3>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">The community is very different here. There are beetles and bugs of many shapes and sizes, along with the occasional wasp. And then there are the spiders. Even to my novice eye, it seems there must be at least eight species here. There are reddish spiders and black and white spiders; leggy spiders and compact spiders; jumping spiders, crab spiders, and many others I don’t recognize. I scoop them up into a vial for Rod to identify later.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="593" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/inverts-weeds-1024x593.jpg" alt="Spiders caught among the roadside herbs and grasses." class="wp-image-2853" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/inverts-weeds-1024x593.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/inverts-weeds-300x174.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/inverts-weeds-768x445.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/inverts-weeds-1536x889.jpg 1536w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/inverts-weeds.jpg 2000w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Spiders caught among the roadside herbs and grasses. Clockwise from upper left: male <em>Misumena vatia</em>; female <em>Misumena vatia</em>; <em>Tibellus oblongus; </em>female <em>Phanias albeolus; Metellina curtisi; Philodromus rufus.</em></figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">The afternoon is nearing its end now. Soon it will be time to pack up and get on the road. But first we need to check the Douglas-fir needles. Conifer foliage, it turns out, can be a very productive habitat for spiders. It makes sense: while the alders and bigleaf maples shed their leaves every fall, feeding the springtails, spiders, and salamanders of the forest-floor community, the firs hold their needles year-round. The living fir foliage forms a microhabitat that’s stable enough to provide homes for a variety of species.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/PXL_20230428_001755254-1024x768.jpg" alt="Douglas-fir foliage habitat." class="wp-image-2854" style="width:768px;height:undefinedpx" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/PXL_20230428_001755254-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/PXL_20230428_001755254-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/PXL_20230428_001755254-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/PXL_20230428_001755254.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) foliage habitat.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">The Douglas-fir branches give off a pleasantly spicy, resinous scent as I beat them over my net. Here the spiders—an abundant assortment, most of them pinhead-sized—are accompanied by weevils, ants, and brownish inchworms. I’m continually surprised by their intricacies—and grateful that my macro lens allows me to see the details. These spiders, some of them only as wide as a fir needle, are beautiful, with fine patterns in charcoal, yellow, and white. One has a broad-striped abdomen and long reddish legs. Another is a pleasing orange, marked with a narrow triangle of white hairs.</p>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="542" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/inverts-Dougfir-1024x542.jpg" alt="Spiders from the Douglas-fir foliage." class="wp-image-2855" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/inverts-Dougfir-1024x542.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/inverts-Dougfir-300x159.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/inverts-Dougfir-768x407.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/inverts-Dougfir-1536x813.jpg 1536w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/inverts-Dougfir.jpg 2000w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Spiders from the Douglas-fir foliage. Clockwise from left: <em>Philodromus rufus; Pelegrina aeneola; Theridion bimaculatum </em>(above) and juvenile <em>Pelegrina</em> (below); <em>Philodromus rufus; Pityohyphantes rubrofasciatus; </em>and <em>Theridion tinctum.</em></figcaption></figure>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Getting to know an unseen community</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/PXL_20230427_200326793-1024x768.jpg" alt="A bigleaf maple (Acer macrophyllum) spreads its leafless branches above our spider-collecting site." class="wp-image-2856" style="width:512px;height:undefinedpx" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/PXL_20230427_200326793-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/PXL_20230427_200326793-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/PXL_20230427_200326793-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/PXL_20230427_200326793.jpg 1500w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A bigleaf maple (Acer macrophyllum) spreads its leafless branches above our spider-collecting site.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">By the end of the day, we&#8217;ve collected 46 species of spiders within an area the size of two football fields. It&#8217;s a diversity that is mind-boggling to a novice like me. Each species has its own story: where it lives, how it hunts, how it interacts with the community around it. And besides the spiders, we’ve gotten to know some springtails, red-backed salamanders, ground beetles, and inchworms. In this small patch of western Washington forest, we’ve seen hundreds of species. We&#8217;ve witnessed how microhabitats support a wonderful diversity of animals. From moist maple leaves to mosses, from roadside grasses to Douglas-fir boughs, the forest is making homes for an abundance of life.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">As we get ready to leave, I can hear the liquid trill of a Pacific wren in the distance, spilling out his song in an energetic cascade. It’s a soothing sound, one I’ve heard many times before—but now it means something new to me. Like red-backed salamanders, Pacific wrens eat spiders. As I see this forest through fresh eyes, noticing all of the ways it provides homes for spiders, I&#8217;m able to hear the song of the wren as an ode to this diversity. <em>As long as bigleaf maples shed their leaves and mosses grow on their trunks</em>, he seems to be saying, <em>there will be spiders here—and so will I</em>.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph"><em>Many thanks to Rod Crawford for not only taking time to teach me about spiders, but also for identifying the spider photos featured in this article.</em></p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Further reading</h3>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Crawford, R.L. (2023). Spider collector&#8217;s journal: narratives of spider collecting trips. Retrieved from <a href="https://crawford.tardigrade.net/journal/index.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://crawford.tardigrade.net/journal/index.html</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Ramseyer, L.J. &amp; Crawford, R.L. (2014). A survey of spiders found in fallen pine cones in eastern Washington State. <em>Western North American Naturalist</em> 74(4):405-415. Retrieved from <a href="https://bioone.org/journals/Western-North-American-Naturalist/volume-74/issue-4/064.074.0406/A-Survey-of-Spiders-Found-in-Fallen-Pine-Cones-in/10.3398/064.074.0406.short" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://bioone.org/journals/Western-North-American-Naturalist/volume-74/issue-4/064.074.0406/A-Survey-of-Spiders-Found-in-Fallen-Pine-Cones-in/10.3398/064.074.0406.short</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Towes, D.P.L. &amp; Irwin, D.E. (2020). Pacific wren (<em>Troglodytes pacificus</em>), version 1.0. <em>In</em> Birds of the World (A.F. Poole, editor). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY. Retrieved from <a href="https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pacwre1/cur/introduction" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pacwre1/cur/introduction</a></p>
<p>The post <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2023/09/01/washington-spiders/">Getting to know Washington&#8217;s spiders</a> appeared first on <a href="https://wildwithnature.com">Wild With Nature</a>.</p>
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		<title>Conociendo las arañas del Estado de Washington</title>
		<link>https://wildwithnature.com/2023/09/01/aranas-de-washington/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=aranas-de-washington</link>
					<comments>https://wildwithnature.com/2023/09/01/aranas-de-washington/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Shane Sater]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 01 Sep 2023 17:22:55 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Historias en español]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Otras Criaturas]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Acer macrophyllum]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Alnus rubra]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Anyphaena aperta]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[arañas]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Argiope trifasciata]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[bigleaf maple]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Douglas-fir]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[habitat]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Hexura picea]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Metellina curtisi]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Misumena vatia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Pelegrina]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Pelegrina aeneola]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Phanias albeolus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Philodromus rufus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Pityohyphantes rubrofasciatus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Plethodon vehiculum]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Pseudotsuga menziesii]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[red alder]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[red-backed salamander]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Theridion bimaculatum]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Theridion sexpunctatum]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Theridion tinctum]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Tibellus oblongus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Troglodytes pacificus]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://wildwithnature.com/?p=2866</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>27 de abril de 2023 Si odias las arañas, tengo malas noticias para ti: el mundo está lleno de ellas. En solamente el Estado de [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2023/09/01/aranas-de-washington/">Conociendo las arañas del Estado de Washington</a> appeared first on <a href="https://wildwithnature.com">Wild With Nature</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<figure class="wp-block-image size-full is-resized"><a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2023/09/01/washington-spiders/"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="734" height="188" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-es-2.jpg" alt="Podcast bilingüe de la naturaleza" class="wp-image-3489" style="width:auto;height:100px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-es-2.jpg 734w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-es-2-300x77.jpg 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 734px) 100vw, 734px" /></a></figure>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><iframe style="border-radius:12px" src="https://open.spotify.com/embed/episode/2esrVYV3jZMYE5xGdmJhQL?utm_source=generator&amp;t=0" width="100%" height="152" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="" allow="autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; fullscreen; picture-in-picture" loading="lazy"></iframe></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph"><strong>27 de abril de 2023</strong></p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Metellina-sp-1024x768.jpg" alt="A spider in the genus Metellina perches in its web." class="wp-image-2836" style="width:512px;height:undefinedpx" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Metellina-sp-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Metellina-sp-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Metellina-sp-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Metellina-sp-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Metellina-sp-2048x1536.jpg 2048w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">La araña <em>Metellina curtisi</em> se posa en su telaraña, suspendida de un cornejo. </figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Si odias las arañas, tengo malas noticias para ti: el mundo está lleno de ellas. En solamente el Estado de Washington, EE.UU., hay por lo menos 970 especies. Pero a pesar de los prejuicios de muchas personas, ¡estas noticias realmente son buenas! De las 970 especies de arañas en Washington, solo una especie, la viuda negra norteña (<em>Latrodectus hesperus</em>), puede estar peligrosa para humanos. Y nuestras arañas increíblemente diversas—muchas del mismo tamaño de una cabeza de alfiler e ignoradas por casi todos—tienen un papel importante en las cadenas alimenticias terrestres, tanto comiendo literalmente toneladas de insectos como haciéndose alimentación para salamandras y aves. </p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Rod Crawford no es ningún ajeno a las arañas del tamaño de una cabeza de alfiler. Hace 52 años que estudia la fauna diversa de arañas en Washington. Rod es curador de arácnidos en el Museo Burke de la Universidad de Washington. Sus investigaciones implican coleccionar arañas desde hábitats diferentes a lo largo del estado, identificarlas y mantener la colección impresionante de arácnidos del Museo Burke. (Lee más sobre Rod y encuentra relatos de sus viajes para coleccionar arañas, en su <a href="https://crawford.tardigrade.net/journal/index.html">sitio web</a>.)</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Hoy Rod y yo hemos estacionado al lado de una vía de gravilla dentro de un mosaico de bosque y parches de árboles talados. Estamos cerca de Oakville, Washington, aproximadamente 30 millas al suroeste de Olympia. Vamos a pasar el día coleccionando arañas aquí: una parte del esfuerzo en curso de Rod para llenar los vacíos en nuestro conocimiento de las arañas de este estado. </p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/PXL_20230427_185235232-1024x768.jpg" alt="Our site for collecting spiders near Oakville." class="wp-image-2838" style="width:768px;height:undefinedpx" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/PXL_20230427_185235232-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/PXL_20230427_185235232-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/PXL_20230427_185235232-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/PXL_20230427_185235232.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Nuestro lugar para coleccionar arañas cerca de Oakville, Washington.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Las arañas y sus hábitats</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="998" height="1024" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/478_Argiope-trifasciata1-998x1024.jpg" alt="The banded argiope (Argiope trifasciata), a striking web-builder that is typical of late summer in Montana." class="wp-image-2839" style="width:499px;height:undefinedpx" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/478_Argiope-trifasciata1-998x1024.jpg 998w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/478_Argiope-trifasciata1-292x300.jpg 292w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/478_Argiope-trifasciata1-768x788.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/478_Argiope-trifasciata1.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 998px) 100vw, 998px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">La araña de jardín bandeada (Argiope trifasciata), una especie llamativa que está generalizada a través de mucho de Norteamérica. No se espera que esta especie se diera en nuestro sitio boscoso cerca de Oakville. </figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Las arañas son depredadores generalizados, alimentándose de casi cualquier insecto u otra criatura pequeña que puedan cazar o atrapar en sus telarañas. ¿Cómo, entonces, logran 970 especies convivir en Washington sin competir por los mismos alimentos? Resulta que las arañas se especializan en los microhábitats diferentes donde viven y en cómo atrapan su presa. </p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Algunas arañas viven solo en los arbustos de artemisa (<em>Artemisia </em>spp.). Otras encuentran abrigo entre el follaje de las coníferas. Otras, increíblemente, <a href="https://bioone.org/journals/Western-North-American-Naturalist/volume-74/issue-4/064.074.0406/A-Survey-of-Spiders-Found-in-Fallen-Pine-Cones-in/10.3398/064.074.0406.short" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">se encuentran principalmente en piñas caídas</a>. Y desde luego, otras especies son generalistas, ocupando un rango más amplio de hábitats. </p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Sus estrategias para cazar varían también. Muchas especies tejen telarañas, que van de parecerse a sábanas a parecerse a embudos. Otras, como las arañas lobo (la familia Lycosidae), persiguen su presa a través del suelo, moviéndose rápidamente con sus ocho patas. </p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">El mosaico de bosque y caminos para la tala que hoy estamos buscando contiene cinco grandes microhábitats que podemos revisar para arañas.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">&#8220;Los grandes hábitats aquí van a consistir en tamizando hojas caídas, tamizando musgo de los árboles, sacudiendo los helechos de espada en el sotobosque, coleccionando del césped y hierbas al lado de los caminos y sacudiendo el follaje de las coníferas,&#8221; Rod me dice. </p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Hay algunos otros lugares en los que podemos buscar si tenemos más tiempo. Las arañas lobo, esas cazadoras, corren por el suelo en áreas abiertas. Hay ciertas otras arañas que se esconden bajo madera en descomposición en el bosque. Por otra parte, también hay especies asociadas con humedales. </p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Las arañas de las hojas caducifolias caídas</h3>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Lo sigo a Rod mientras empieza a revisar el primer hábitat, la capa de hojas caducifolias caídas. Bajamos por una ladera donde alisos maduros (<em>Alnus rubra</em>) esparcen su sombra sobre un sotobosque de floreciendo <em>Oxalis oregana</em> y <em>Dicentra formosa</em>. Bajo estas hierbas primaverales, la manta de las hojas muertas del año pasado huele a tierra rica. Enfocamos en los parches donde las hojas del aliso se han acumulado bajo los helechos de espada (<em>Polystichum munitum</em>). Rod quita puñados de las hojas húmedas y las pone en una bolsa de basura de plástico negro. </p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/PXL_20230427_190700254-1024x768.jpg" alt="Redwood sorrel (Oxalis oregona) and Pacific bleeding heart (Dicentra formosa) grow above the layer of deciduous leaf litter." class="wp-image-2842" style="width:768px;height:undefinedpx" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/PXL_20230427_190700254-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/PXL_20230427_190700254-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/PXL_20230427_190700254-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/PXL_20230427_190700254.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Las plantas Oxalis oregona y Dicentra formosa crecen sobre una manta de hojas caducifolias caídas.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Cuando la bolsa está llena de hojas, regresamos al capó de mi carro, donde Rod ha estirado una tela. Saca manojos de hojas y las pone en un cubo cuya base está compuesta de una red de alambre. Así tamiza las hojas, dejando que criaturas pequeñas caigan en la tela. Ya empezamos el proceso laborioso de seleccionar arañas pequeñitas, las que Rod coleccionará para el museo. </p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/PXL_20230427_191223117-1024x768.jpg" alt="Sorting the leaf litter through a tub with a screen bottom." class="wp-image-2844" style="width:768px;height:undefinedpx" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/PXL_20230427_191223117-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/PXL_20230427_191223117-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/PXL_20230427_191223117-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/PXL_20230427_191223117.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Tamizando las hojas caídas a través de un cubo con una red en la base.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Una cosa es saber intelectualmente que hay muchas criaturas diminutas viviendo entre las hojas caídas. Es otra cosa realmente <em>ver</em> esta comunidad compleja, esta diversidad de criaturas comunes pero pocas veces vistas. Hay colémbolos, ácaros, escarabajos vagabundos, ciempiés, escarabajos depredadores, isópodos, milpiés y más. De vez en cuando vemos <a href="https://bugguide.net/node/view/2892" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">pseudoescorpiones</a>, que se ven como langostas pequeñas con pinzas de rojo oscuro.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="975" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/PXL_20230427_192218104.MP_-1024x975.jpg" alt="A pseudoscorpion from the leaf litter." class="wp-image-2859" style="width:512px;height:undefinedpx" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/PXL_20230427_192218104.MP_-1024x975.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/PXL_20230427_192218104.MP_-300x286.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/PXL_20230427_192218104.MP_-768x732.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/PXL_20230427_192218104.MP_.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Un pseudoescorpión (en la familia Neobisiidae) desde las hojas caídas.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<h3 class="wp-block-heading">La vida entre las hojas secas</h3>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Rod es un taxónomo de las hojas caídas, rápidamente yendo más allá del latín científico que entiendo mientras nombra las criaturas que ve. Para identificar muchas de las arañas al nivel de especie, necesitará mirarlas bajo un microscopio. Sin embargo, puede reconocer muchas al nivel de género en el campo. Y puede identificar mucho más que sólo las arañas. Nombra isópodos, ciempiés y milpiés cuando los vemos. </p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="655" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/PXL_20230427_195404182.MP_-1024x655.jpg" alt="Rod samples leaf litter from beneath a mature bigleaf maple." class="wp-image-2845" style="width:512px;height:undefinedpx" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/PXL_20230427_195404182.MP_-1024x655.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/PXL_20230427_195404182.MP_-300x192.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/PXL_20230427_195404182.MP_-768x492.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/PXL_20230427_195404182.MP_.jpg 1500w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Rod toma muestras de las hojas caídas bajo un arce maduro.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Después de acabar con las hojas del aliso, sacamos una muestra bajo un arce de hoja grande (<em>Acer macrophyllum</em>). Rod quita un manojo de hilos blancos de hongo de las hojas.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">&#8220;Alimento para colémbolos,&#8221; dice. Estas criaturas son descomponedores, alimentándose de hongos y hojas caídas. La red alimenticia de este mundo en miniatura—mantenida por un nuevo pulso de hojas caducifolias cada otoño—se vuelve evidente.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Se vuelve aun más evidente cuando hallamos una salamandra espalda roja (<em>Plethodon vehiculum</em>) entre las hojas mojadas de los arces. Estas salamandras no tienen pulmones; respiran por la piel y habitan áreas húmedas, donde cazan arañas y otros invertebrados pequeños. Ésta no mide mucho más de una pulgada de longitud. Pronto la devolvemos a las hojas húmedas bajo el arce. </p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Luego hallamos <em>otra</em> salamandra, ésta tan larga como mi dedo corazón. La salamandra señala que este suelo forestal es de alta calidad, dice Rod.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Este hecho podemos ver en la diversidad de arañas, también. &#8220;Ha sido una muestra de hojas bastante buena, probablemente ocho o diez especies [de arañas],” sigue Rod.</p>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="521" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/inverts-leaflitter-1024x521.jpg" alt="Invertebrates - and a red-backed salamander - from the leaf litter." class="wp-image-2846" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/inverts-leaflitter-1024x521.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/inverts-leaflitter-300x153.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/inverts-leaflitter-768x391.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/inverts-leaflitter-1536x782.jpg 1536w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/inverts-leaflitter.jpg 2000w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Animales entre las hojas caídas. En sentido horario desde la foto superior a la izquierda: un opilón en el género <em>Siro</em>; la araña <em>Hexura picea</em>; una salamandra espalda roja (<em>Plethodon vehiculum</em>); un escarabajo en la familia Carabidae; un pseudoescorpión en la familia Neobisiidae.</figcaption></figure>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Las arañas de los musgos</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="817" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/PXL_20230427_210945391-1024x817.jpg" alt="The moss habitat." class="wp-image-2848" style="width:512px;height:undefinedpx" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/PXL_20230427_210945391-1024x817.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/PXL_20230427_210945391-300x239.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/PXL_20230427_210945391-768x612.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/PXL_20230427_210945391.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">El hábitat de los musgos.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Ahora queremos buscar arácnidos entre los musgos. Rod me dice que las gruesas alfombras húmedas de musgo en los troncos de los árboles caducifolios hacen hogares excelentes para algunas arañas. Vamos al bosque otra vez, coleccionando muestras de musgos para tamizarlas por invertebrados. </p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">El musgo está generalmente seco después de varios días del sol primaveral, y está polvoriento desde el camino cercano. Los invertebrados que estamos encontrando aquí parecen menos abundantes que los de las hojas caídas—mayoritariamente isópodos, escarabajos vagabundos y colas de cerda. Pero, como Rod pronosticó, también hallamos unas especies diferentes de arañas. Rod me muestra la <em>Ethobuella tuonops</em>, teñida de amarillo. Ésta es una de las arañas más comunes en los musgos de Washington, me cuenta, pero se la ve pocas veces porque tan pocas personas buscan arañas cuidadosamente así. </p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="361" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/inverts-moss-1024x361.jpg" alt="A selection of spiders found in the mosses." class="wp-image-2851" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/inverts-moss-1024x361.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/inverts-moss-300x106.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/inverts-moss-768x271.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/inverts-moss-1536x542.jpg 1536w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/inverts-moss.jpg 2000w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Algunas arañas encontradas en los musgos. Desde la foto izquierda: un varón de <em>Theridion sexpunctatum; </em>un juvenil de <em>Pelegrina</em>; un juvenil de <em>Anyphaena aperta</em>.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Después de horas de tamizar las hojas y los musgos, es hora para un cambio de aire. Rod me manda a coleccionar arañas de los céspedes y hierbas al lado del camino. Mientras tanto, el busca entre los helechos de espada en el bosque. Después de la labor minuciosa de tamizar, es refrescante barrer las gramas y las zanahorias silvestres con una red de insectos. Es trabajo fácil, pero se vuelve emocionante cuando paro y abro la red de lona para ver qué he atrapado.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/PXL_20230427_231210733-1024x768.jpg" alt="The roadside herbs." class="wp-image-2852" style="width:768px;height:undefinedpx" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/PXL_20230427_231210733-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/PXL_20230427_231210733-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/PXL_20230427_231210733-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/PXL_20230427_231210733.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Las hierbas al lado de la vía.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Las arañas del lado del camino y de los ayarines</h3>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">La comunidad está muy diferente aquí. Hay escarabajos y bichos de muchos tamaños y formas. Y hay muchas arañas. Aun a mi ojo inexperto, le parece que debe haber al menos ocho especies aquí. Hay arañas rojas, arañas con patrones de negro y blanco. Hay arañas compactas y otras con patas largas; arañas saltarinas, arañas cangrejo y muchas más que no reconozco. Las pongo en un vial para Rod. </p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="593" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/inverts-weeds-1024x593.jpg" alt="Spiders caught among the roadside herbs and grasses." class="wp-image-2853" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/inverts-weeds-1024x593.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/inverts-weeds-300x174.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/inverts-weeds-768x445.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/inverts-weeds-1536x889.jpg 1536w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/inverts-weeds.jpg 2000w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Arañas atrapadas al lado del camino. En sentido horario desde la foto superior a la izquierda: <em>Misumena vatia</em> (varón); <em>Misumena vatia</em> (hembra); <em>Tibellus oblongus; Phanias albeolus</em> (hembra); Metellina curtisi; Philodromus rufus.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">La tarde está llegando al fin. Pronto será hora de irnos. Pero primero queremos buscar entre el follaje del ayarín (<em>Pseudotsuga menziesii</em>). El follaje conífero puede ser un hábitat muy productivo por arañas. Tiene sentido: mientras que los alisos y arces se deshojan cada otoño, alimentando los colémbolos, las arañas y las salamandras del suelo forestal, los ayarines llevan sus agujas todo el año. Su follaje forma un microhábitat suficientemente estable para dar abrigo a muchas especies. </p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/PXL_20230428_001755254-1024x768.jpg" alt="Douglas-fir foliage habitat." class="wp-image-2854" style="width:768px;height:undefinedpx" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/PXL_20230428_001755254-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/PXL_20230428_001755254-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/PXL_20230428_001755254-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/PXL_20230428_001755254.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">El hábitat del follaje del ayarín.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Las ramas de los ayarines huelen aromáticas y resinosas mientras las sacudo sobre mi red. Aquí las arañas—un surtido abundante, la mayoría minúsculas—están acompañadas por gorgojos, hormigas y orugas marrones. Estoy sorprendido por la complejidad—y agradecido que mi lente macro me permita ver los detalles. Estas arañas, algunas sólo tan anchas como una aguja conífera, son lindas, con patrones finos en carboncillo, amarillo y blanco. El abdomen de una con largas patas rojas parece pintado. Otra es de color anaranjado agradable, decorada con vello blanco.</p>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="542" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/inverts-Dougfir-1024x542.jpg" alt="Spiders from the Douglas-fir foliage." class="wp-image-2855" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/inverts-Dougfir-1024x542.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/inverts-Dougfir-300x159.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/inverts-Dougfir-768x407.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/inverts-Dougfir-1536x813.jpg 1536w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/inverts-Dougfir.jpg 2000w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Arañas del follaje del ayarín. En sentido horario desde la foto izquierda: <em>Philodromus rufus; Pelegrina aeneola; Theridion bimaculatum </em>(arriba) y <em>Pelegrina</em> (juvenil, debajo); <em>Philodromus rufus; Pityohyphantes rubrofasciatus; Theridion tinctum.</em></figcaption></figure>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Conociendo a una comunidad casi invisible</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/PXL_20230427_200326793-1024x768.jpg" alt="A bigleaf maple (Acer macrophyllum) spreads its leafless branches above our spider-collecting site." class="wp-image-2856" style="width:512px;height:undefinedpx" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/PXL_20230427_200326793-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/PXL_20230427_200326793-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/PXL_20230427_200326793-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/PXL_20230427_200326793.jpg 1500w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Un arce (Acer macrophyllum) extiende sus ramas sin hojas sobre nuestro sitio de coleccionar arañas.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Al fin del día, hemos coleccionado 46 especies de arañas dentro de un área del tamaño de dos canchas de fútbol. Es una diversidad que asombra a un principiante como yo. Cada especie tiene su propia historia: dónde vive, cómo caza, cómo interactúa con la comunidad circundante. Y además de las arañas, hemos conocido a algunos colémbolos, salamandras espalda roja, escarabajos depredadores y orugas. En este parche pequeño del bosque en el oeste de Washington, hemos visto cienes de especies. Hemos visto cómo los microhábitats mantienen una diversidad maravillosa de animales. Desde las hojas húmedas de los arces y los musgos hasta las hierbas del lado del camino y el follaje de los ayarines, el bosque está haciendo hogares por una abundancia de vida. </p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Mientras preparamos para irnos, puedo escuchar el trino líquido de un saltapared cholino del oeste (<em>Troglodytes pacificus</em>) en la distancia, derramando su canto en una cascada energética. Es un sonido relajante que he escuchado muchas veces en el pasado—pero ahora me significa algo más. Como las salamandras espalda roja, estos saltaparedes comen arañas. Mientras veo este bosque por ojos nuevos, dándome cuenta de todas las maneras en las que les da abrigo a las arañas, puedo escuchar el canto del saltapared como un poema a esta diversidad. <em>Mientras que los arces dejen sus hojas caer y los musgos crezcan en sus troncos,</em> parece estar diciendo, <em>habrá arañas aquí—y aquí estaré yo</em>.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph"><em>Muchísimas gracias a Rod Crawford, no sólo por tomar el tiempo para enseñarme sobre las arañas, sino también por identificar mis fotos de arañas que acompañan este artículo.</em></p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Lee más</h3>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Crawford, R.L. (2023). Spider collector&#8217;s journal: narratives of spider collecting trips. Recuperado de <a href="https://crawford.tardigrade.net/journal/index.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://crawford.tardigrade.net/journal/index.html</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Ramseyer, L.J. &amp; Crawford, R.L. (2014). A survey of spiders found in fallen pine cones in eastern Washington State. <em>Western North American Naturalist</em> 74(4):405-415. Recuperado de <a href="https://bioone.org/journals/Western-North-American-Naturalist/volume-74/issue-4/064.074.0406/A-Survey-of-Spiders-Found-in-Fallen-Pine-Cones-in/10.3398/064.074.0406.short" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://bioone.org/journals/Western-North-American-Naturalist/volume-74/issue-4/064.074.0406/A-Survey-of-Spiders-Found-in-Fallen-Pine-Cones-in/10.3398/064.074.0406.short</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Towes, D.P.L. &amp; Irwin, D.E. (2020). Pacific wren (<em>Troglodytes pacificus</em>), version 1.0. <em>En</em> Birds of the World (A.F. Poole, editor). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY. Recuperado de <a href="https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pacwre1/cur/introduction" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pacwre1/cur/introduction</a></p>
<p>The post <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2023/09/01/aranas-de-washington/">Conociendo las arañas del Estado de Washington</a> appeared first on <a href="https://wildwithnature.com">Wild With Nature</a>.</p>
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