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	<title>Populus balsamifera Archives - Wild With Nature</title>
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	<title>Populus balsamifera Archives - Wild With Nature</title>
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	<item>
		<title>Pileated woodpeckers and reciprocity</title>
		<link>https://wildwithnature.com/2025/06/01/pileated-woodpeckers-and-reciprocity/</link>
					<comments>https://wildwithnature.com/2025/06/01/pileated-woodpeckers-and-reciprocity/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Shane Sater]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 01 Jun 2025 17:11:46 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Birds]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[English-language stories]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Plants]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Water]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Clark Fork River]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Contopus sordidulus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Dryocopus lineatus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Dryocopus pileatus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Megascops kennicottii]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Populus balsamifera]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Tyrannus vociferans]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://wildwithnature.com/?p=4972</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>This story is the third and final in a series about a pair of pileated woodpeckers (Dryocopus pileatus) along the Clark Fork River near Missoula, [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2025/06/01/pileated-woodpeckers-and-reciprocity/">Pileated woodpeckers and reciprocity</a> appeared first on <a href="https://wildwithnature.com">Wild With Nature</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<figure class="wp-block-image size-full is-resized"><a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2025/06/01/picamaderos-norteamericanos-y-reciprocidad/"><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" width="706" height="181" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-en-2.jpg" alt="Bilingual nature podcast" class="wp-image-3486" style="width:auto;height:100px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-en-2.jpg 706w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-en-2-300x77.jpg 300w" sizes="(max-width: 706px) 100vw, 706px" /></a></figure>



<iframe style="border-radius:12px" src="https://open.spotify.com/embed/episode/42Mw6LLXfjm969ban404lW?utm_source=generator&#038;t=0" width="100%" height="152" frameBorder="0" allowfullscreen="" allow="autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; fullscreen; picture-in-picture" loading="lazy"></iframe>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-18 wp-block-paragraph"><em>This story is the third and final in a series about a pair of pileated woodpeckers </em>(Dryocopus pileatus)<em> along the Clark Fork River near Missoula, Montana, USA. If you haven’t heard&nbsp;<a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2025/04/01/journey-to-the-pileated-woodpeckers/">the rest of the story, you can start with part 1</a>… or just jump in here!</em></p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20240809_213055148-1024x768.jpg" alt="The cottonwood forest after the windstorm." class="wp-image-4975" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20240809_213055148-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20240809_213055148-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20240809_213055148-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20240809_213055148.jpg 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">The cottonwood forest after the windstorm.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-19 wp-block-paragraph">When I next return to the pileated woodpecker forest, it’s early August, a hot afternoon with evening approaching. Wildfire smoke from Saskatchewan blurs the mountains into vague gray shapes and a western wood-pewee (<em>Contopus sordidulus</em>) sings lazily in the distance. The forest has changed dramatically since my last visit. Two weeks ago, the fierce winds of a freak thunderstorm pummeled Missoula, knocking down trees and powerlines. Here, it looks like a hurricane has passed through. The forest is still standing, but perhaps a third of the trees are gone. The wind snapped 60-year-old cottonwoods like toothpicks. The forest floor is littered with tree trunks and the smell of drying cottonwood leaves.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="998" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20240810_003244296-1024x998.jpg" alt="A 59-year-old cottonwood, knocked down in the storm, shows its growth rings where the City of Missoula cleared it from a trail." class="wp-image-5005" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20240810_003244296-1024x998.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20240810_003244296-300x292.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20240810_003244296-768x748.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20240810_003244296.jpg 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A 59-year-old cottonwood, knocked down in the storm, shows its growth rings where the City of Missoula cleared it from a trail.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-20 wp-block-paragraph">I pick my way over and around the debris to check on the nest tree. I fear the worst for it. Although the breeding season is over now, the woodpeckers might have reused the cavity as a winter roost—or, in rare instances, as a nest in a future year. But even if the woodpeckers never again were to visit their laboriously-excavated home, it would remain important to the forest community. Dozens of species reuse old pileated woodpecker nests to take shelter and raise their young, from western screech-owls (<em>Megascops kennicottii</em>) and wood ducks (<em>Aix sponsa</em>) to Vaux&#8217;s swifts (<em>Chaetura vauxi</em>) and northern flying squirrels (<em>Glaucomys sabrinus</em>). As I get closer, I prepare myself for bad news. Is the tree even standing still? </p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Destruction and regeneration</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="1006" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20240809_235815314-1024x1006.jpg" alt="The nest tree, still standing in spite of the storm." class="wp-image-4976" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20240809_235815314-1024x1006.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20240809_235815314-300x295.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20240809_235815314-768x755.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20240809_235815314.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">The nest tree, still standing in spite of the storm.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-21 wp-block-paragraph">When I arrive, I’m relieved to see that the snag is unharmed. In fact, this section of the forest seems to have gotten off easily, with just a few toppled trees and downed branches. In contrast, a stand farther away from the river looks like a massive bulldozer ran over it, knocking over more than half of the trees.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-22 wp-block-paragraph">During the hot, late summer afternoon, a very occasional <em>kekekekeKE</em> in the distance is my only clue that the pileated woodpeckers are still here in their wind-struck forest.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20220530_195736896-1024x768.jpg" alt="Oyster mushrooms emerge from the trunk of a willow. I often find them growing on cottonwoods, too." class="wp-image-5016" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20220530_195736896-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20220530_195736896-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20220530_195736896-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20220530_195736896.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Oyster mushrooms (<em>Pleurotus </em>sp.) emerge from the trunk of a willow. I often find them growing on cottonwoods, too.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-23 wp-block-paragraph">Standing among broken tree trunks, I think about destruction and regeneration. The loss of these trees feels tragic. But I know this isn’t the end of the story. In a few years, the downed trees will fruit with oyster mushrooms (<em>Pleurotus</em> sp.)—delicious sauteed in garlic—as the cottonwoods slowly transform into soil. Perhaps a hollow log will become a winter shelter for a porcupine. Will the snapped-off trunks resprout next year, like they do when the beavers cut them down? In spite of the catastrophic winds, much of the forest is still standing. And if the river is allowed to flood, a future spring will deposit fresh sediments as cottonwood silk is flying on the breeze, and a new generation of forest will emerge.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Threads of story</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20240613_155428601-1024x768.jpg" alt="The cottonwood forest where the pileated woodpeckers live stays with me, even when I'm far away from it." class="wp-image-5007" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20240613_155428601-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20240613_155428601-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20240613_155428601-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20240613_155428601.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">The cottonwood forest where the pileated woodpeckers live stays with me, even when I&#8217;m far away from it.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-24 wp-block-paragraph">Soon the fall carries me south, to my partner’s home in Oaxaca. But the pileated woodpeckers stay with me; the cottonwood forest stays with me, imprinted on my heart and mind. Sometimes I let my imagination wander among the tree trunks, not knowing what I will find: a pileated woodpecker family, a song sparrow’s nest, fresh beaver activity along the river, a new story in the wordless tapestry.&nbsp;</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="845" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/615715627-1024x845.jpg" alt="A lineated woodpecker (Dryocopus lineatus)—a Oaxacan relative of the pileated woodpecker—forages on a guanacastle (Enterolobium cyclocarpum), March 2024." class="wp-image-5006" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/615715627-1024x845.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/615715627-300x248.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/615715627-768x634.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/615715627.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A lineated woodpecker (Dryocopus lineatus)—a Oaxacan relative of the pileated woodpecker—forages on a guanacastle (Enterolobium cyclocarpum), March 2024.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-25 wp-block-paragraph">As I write over the winter, I gather together threads of story—special places in nature like this cottonwood forest, <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2024/12/01/cassins-kingbird-migration-connections/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">the call of a Cassin’s kingbird (<em>Tyrannus vociferans</em>)</a>, <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2025/03/01/tall-dogbane-fibers/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">the dogbane that grows along the river</a> and <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2025/01/01/mystery-of-the-twilight/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">the birds of evening in the Oaxacan tropical forest</a>—as I try to find meaning among the contradictions of my life. To love people and places bridged by jet fuel as climate change unleashes catastrophic wildfires, droughts, and hurricanes. To integrate into this Huatulco community as the tourist boom skyrockets prices, destroys mangroves, and changes ways of life. To seek a healthy relationship with the earth and my neighbors as billionaires and large corporations threaten it all to fill their pockets.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">The Story is in Our Bones</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="890" height="1024" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20250409_190618011-890x1024.jpg" alt="Cottonwood catkins open on a tree downed in the windstorm, April 2025." class="wp-image-5009" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20250409_190618011-890x1024.jpg 890w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20250409_190618011-261x300.jpg 261w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20250409_190618011-768x883.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20250409_190618011.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 890px) 100vw, 890px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Cottonwood catkins open on a tree downed in the windstorm, April 2025.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-26 wp-block-paragraph">I keep on thinking about the pileated woodpeckers as I read Osprey Oreille Lake’s book <a href="https://newsociety.com/book/the-story-is-in-our-bones/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">The Story is in Our Bones: How Worldviews and Climate Justice Can Remake a World in Crisis</a>. She writes:</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-27 wp-block-paragraph"><em>…[W]hen we take a deep breath and slow down to really think about it, the things that actually make our lives possible and joyous very often are not the things that require extractivism or items to purchase. Photosynthesis, the hydrologic cycle, love, friendship, walking in the beauty of nature, mutual aid, sharing stories and meals—these are all things that can be done without financial exchange. In the current dominant culture worldview, which commodifies everything and sees things only for their deemed financial worth, we become further detached from what is given freely—wildflowers and glaciers are exiled to the realm of the superfluous since there is no monetary value assigned to them. We are taught in the commodification culture to lose respect and appreciation for many nonfinancially related treasures.</em></p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="846" height="1024" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20250327_195743561-846x1024.jpg" alt="A fly visits the sap welling from a beaver-cut thinleaf alder (Alnus incana) in the cottonwood forest, March 2025." class="wp-image-5010" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20250327_195743561-846x1024.jpg 846w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20250327_195743561-248x300.jpg 248w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20250327_195743561-768x929.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20250327_195743561.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 846px) 100vw, 846px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A fly visits the sap welling from a beaver-cut thinleaf alder (Alnus incana) in the cottonwood forest, March 2025.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-28 wp-block-paragraph"><em>To counter this rapacious economic worldview, we can work to restore what many have called a gift economy—a system that many of our ancestors participated in, some communities still practice today, and has engaged an ever-growing network of thought leaders. One of the central principles is not to hoard wealth; rather, the gift economy framework is about understanding that the only way the entire breathing, living ecology of place and community survives and thrives is through mutual aid. By making and giving gifts and moving those gifts throughout the community, we ensure our human and nonhuman relatives are taken care of. The essence of this exchange model is about aligning our economies with the natural laws of the Earth and our neighbors.&nbsp;</em></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-29 wp-block-paragraph"><em>In communities that have practiced the gift economy, valuables are not exchanged for money or for other goods but are instead given with no outward agreement that anything will be immediately returned. There is an implicit expectation that the person who received the gift will also give at some point in the future, whether back to the giver, to another person, to the land, or to the whole community, and until that happens, one remains in a state of positive debt. While debt is uncomfortable for those of us who live in a market economy, in a gift economy, debt is what binds one to the gift-giver and to the whole community, intentionally creating an atmosphere of ongoing reciprocity.</em></p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">A gift economy</h3>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-30 wp-block-paragraph">Osprey’s words ring true for me. I’ve experienced it so often in Oaxaca, this heartfelt generosity. An ear of <em>maíz criollo</em>, an invitation to share a meal. A complete stranger who invites me to visit their <em>rancho</em>. A glass of <em>mezcal</em>, an unhurried conversation, an <em>“ésta es tu casa.”</em> In many cases, to offer to repay these gifts with money would be an insult. And so I stay forever indebted, humbled, and grateful. I share my knowledge of birdsongs, pass on the gift of oranges from the abuelo Teo’s orchard, help out with dishes and firewood. Not to repay, because that’s not possible, but to pass the gift forward.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-31 wp-block-paragraph">It’s that way with the pileated woodpeckers, too. How can I repay the gift of a wild call on the April breeze? They’ve showed me their home, trusted me with their nestling, helped me see the magic of this forest. To repay the gift would be impossible: I’m forever indebted to pileated woodpeckers. But I can try, in some small way, to reciprocate. To protect the location of their nest tree; to share the magic of their forest. To invite you, as well, to enter into a gift economy with pileated woodpeckers.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/620796386_cover-1024x768.jpg" alt="The male watches me as he excavates the nest, April 2024." class="wp-image-5012" style="width:700px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/620796386_cover-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/620796386_cover-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/620796386_cover-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/620796386_cover-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/620796386_cover-2048x1536.jpg 2048w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">The male pileated woodpecker watches me as he excavates the nest, April 2024.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<h3 class="wp-block-heading">The song of the western screech-owl</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20230929_032802024-1024x768.jpg" alt="Night among the cottonwood forest." class="wp-image-5008" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20230929_032802024-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20230929_032802024-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20230929_032802024-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20230929_032802024.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Night among the cottonwood forest.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-32 wp-block-paragraph">It&#8217;s a starry April evening in 2025, one of those nights when the frost falls as soon as the sun sets. In a cottonwood grove along a stream in the western Montana foothills, a western screech-owl sings his bouncing-ball song as the water rushes over billion-year-old polished stones. I wonder if he has a mate yet, or if he&#8217;s still searching. I wonder whether the pileated woodpeckers have left a nesting cavity for him in this cottonwood stand, excavated one dry beakful at a time from the heart of a dead tree. </p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="920" height="1024" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20240413_152432097-920x1024.jpg" alt="Excavating the nest cavity, April 2024." class="wp-image-5011" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20240413_152432097-920x1024.jpg 920w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20240413_152432097-269x300.jpg 269w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20240413_152432097-768x855.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20240413_152432097.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Excavating the nest cavity, April 2024.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-33 wp-block-paragraph">Each spring, the woodpeckers carve new holes, and their gifts continue for years afterwards. They provide homes where they didn&#8217;t previously exist for western screech-owls, hooded mergansers (<em>Lophodytes cucullatus</em>), Barrow&#8217;s goldeneyes (<em>Bucephala islandica</em>), and American kestrels (<em>Falco sparverius</em>). <em>Ésta es tu casa</em>. The song of the western screech-owl continues in the frosty night: a song held by snowmelt streams, old cottonwood silhouettes, and the gift of the pileated woodpeckers. And in the quiet song of the owl, I seem to hear a &#8220;thank you.&#8221;</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Further reading</h3>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-34 wp-block-paragraph">Bull, E.L. and J.A. Jackson. (2020). Pileated woodpecker (<em>Dryocopus pileatus</em>), version 1.0.&nbsp;<em>In</em>&nbsp;Birds of the World (A.F. Poole, editor). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA.&nbsp;<a href="https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pilwoo/cur/introduction" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pilwoo/cur/introduction</a></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"></p>
<p>The post <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2025/06/01/pileated-woodpeckers-and-reciprocity/">Pileated woodpeckers and reciprocity</a> appeared first on <a href="https://wildwithnature.com">Wild With Nature</a>.</p>
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		<title>Los picamaderos norteamericanos y la reciprocidad</title>
		<link>https://wildwithnature.com/2025/06/01/picamaderos-norteamericanos-y-reciprocidad/</link>
					<comments>https://wildwithnature.com/2025/06/01/picamaderos-norteamericanos-y-reciprocidad/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Shane Sater]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 01 Jun 2025 16:58:01 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Agua]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Aves]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Historias en español]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Plantas]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Clark Fork River]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Contopus sordidulus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Dryocopus lineatus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Dryocopus pileatus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Megascops kennicottii]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Populus balsamifera]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Tyrannus vociferans]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://wildwithnature.com/?p=5020</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Esta historia es la tercera y final en una serie sobre una pareja de picamaderos norteamericanos (Dryocopus pileatus) al lado del Río Clark Fork cerca [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2025/06/01/picamaderos-norteamericanos-y-reciprocidad/">Los picamaderos norteamericanos y la reciprocidad</a> appeared first on <a href="https://wildwithnature.com">Wild With Nature</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<figure class="wp-block-image size-full is-resized"><a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2025/06/01/pileated-woodpeckers-and-reciprocity/"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="734" height="188" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-es-2.jpg" alt="Podcast bilingüe de la naturaleza" class="wp-image-3489" style="width:auto;height:100px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-es-2.jpg 734w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-es-2-300x77.jpg 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 734px) 100vw, 734px" /></a></figure>



<iframe style="border-radius:12px" src="https://open.spotify.com/embed/episode/21PxKQgCAHidaYfurWgDWB?utm_source=generator&#038;t=0" width="100%" height="152" frameBorder="0" allowfullscreen="" allow="autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; fullscreen; picture-in-picture" loading="lazy"></iframe>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-52 wp-block-paragraph"><em>Esta historia es la tercera y final en una serie sobre una pareja de picamaderos norteamericanos </em>(Dryocopus pileatus)<em> al lado del Río Clark Fork cerca de Missoula, Montana, EU. Si no has escuchado las partes anteriores, puedes <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2025/04/01/viaje-hacia-picamaderos-norteamericanos/">empezar por la primera parte</a>&#8230; o si prefieres, empieza aquí en medio! </em></p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20240809_213055148-1024x768.jpg" alt="The cottonwood forest after the windstorm." class="wp-image-4975" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20240809_213055148-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20240809_213055148-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20240809_213055148-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20240809_213055148.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">El bosque de álamo después del viento feroz.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-53 wp-block-paragraph">La siguiente vez que regreso al bosque de los picamaderos norteamericanos, es el comienzo de agosto, una tarde calurosa unas horas antes del atardecer. Una humarada de incendios forestales en Saskatchewan difumina las montañas en formas grises vagas y un papamoscas del oeste (<em>Contopus sordidulus</em>) canta con pereza en la distancia. El bosque ha cambiado dramáticamente tras mi última visita. Hace dos semanas que una tormenta eléctrica inesperadamente intensa golpeó Missoula, tumbando árboles y cables eléctricos. Aquí, se ve como si hubiera pasado un huracán. El bosque sigue en pie, pero quizás una tercera parte de los árboles se ha caído. El viento rompió álamos de sesenta años como si fueran palillos. El suelo del bosque está cubierto con los troncos y escombros de los árboles. Llega el olor de las hojas arrebatadas de los álamos, secándose en el calor.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="998" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20240810_003244296-1024x998.jpg" alt="A 59-year-old cottonwood, knocked down in the storm, shows its growth rings where the City of Missoula cleared it from a trail." class="wp-image-5005" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20240810_003244296-1024x998.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20240810_003244296-300x292.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20240810_003244296-768x748.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20240810_003244296.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Un álamo de 59 años, tumbado en la tormenta, revela sus anillos de crecimiento donde el Municipio de Missoula lo cortó y apartó de un sendero.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-54 wp-block-paragraph">Camino despacio a través de los escombros para checar el árbol donde los picamaderos hicieron su nido. Temo que ha sido arrasado. Aunque ya ha pasado la temporada reproductiva, los picamaderos podrían haber reutilizado el nido como abrigo durante el invierno—o en casos raros, como un nido en otro año. Pero incluso si los picamaderos nunca jamás visitaran su hogar que pasaron tantas semanas excavando, este seguiría teniendo importancia para la comunidad del bosque. Docenas de especies utilizan los nidos viejos de los picamaderos para abrigarse o anidar, desde tecolotes del oeste (<em>Megascops kennicottii</em>) y patos arcoíris (<em>Aix sponsa</em>) hasta vencejos de Vaux (<em>Chaetura vauxi</em>) y ardillas voladoras norteñas (<em>Glaucomys sabrinus</em>). Mientras me acerco más, me preparo para las malas noticias. ¿Qué le pasó al árbol del nido?</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">La destrucción y la regeneración</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="1006" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20240809_235815314-1024x1006.jpg" alt="The nest tree, still standing in spite of the storm." class="wp-image-4976" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20240809_235815314-1024x1006.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20240809_235815314-300x295.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20240809_235815314-768x755.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20240809_235815314.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">El árbol muerto del nido, aún intacto a pesar de la tormenta. </figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-55 wp-block-paragraph">Cuando llego, me alivia ver que el árbol muerto donde está el nido salió ileso. De hecho, esta parte del bosque parece haber escapado sin muchos daños; sólo se ven unos cuantos árboles tumbados y ramas caídas. En contraste, un parche más alejado del río se ve como si una máquina gigante lo hubiera aplastado, tumbando más de la mitad de los árboles.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-56 wp-block-paragraph">Durante esta tarde calurosa en la intensidad del verano, una llamada <em>quiquiquiquiquí </em>muy de vez en cuando es mi única pista de que los picamaderos norteamericanos siguen vivos en su bosque afligido.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20220530_195736896-1024x768.jpg" alt="Oyster mushrooms emerge from the trunk of a willow. I often find them growing on cottonwoods, too." class="wp-image-5016" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20220530_195736896-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20220530_195736896-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20220530_195736896-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20220530_195736896.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Setas (<em>Pleurotus </em>sp.) emergen del tronco de un sauce. Muchas veces, también las encuentro en los troncos de los álamos.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-57 wp-block-paragraph">Rodeado por troncos rotos, pienso en la destrucción y la regeneración. La pérdida de los árboles se siente trágica. Pero sé que no es el final de la historia. En unos años, de los árboles tumbados van a brotan setas (<em>Pleurotus</em> sp.)—deliciosas salteadas con ajo—mientras los álamos poco a poco se convertirán en tierra. Tal vez un tronco hueco le vaya a dar <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2023/03/01/porcupine-helena/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">abrigo invernal a un puercoespín</a>. ¿Y el año que viene, van a rebrotar los tocones de los álamos que rompió el viento, tal como lo hacen cuando los castores los talan? A pesar de los vientos catastróficos, mucho del bosque sigue en pie. Y si las condiciones le permiten al río que se inunde, alguna primavera va a traer nuevos sedimentos mientras la seda de los álamos esté volando por la brisa, y una nueva generación del bosque va a emerger.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Hilos de historia</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20240613_155428601-1024x768.jpg" alt="The cottonwood forest where the pileated woodpeckers live stays with me, even when I'm far away from it." class="wp-image-5007" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20240613_155428601-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20240613_155428601-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20240613_155428601-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20240613_155428601.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">El bosque de los álamos donde viven los picamaderos norteamericanos se queda conmigo, aunque esté muy lejos. </figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-58 wp-block-paragraph">Pronto el otoño me lleva al sur, a la casa que comparto con mi pareja en Oaxaca, México. Pero los picamaderos norteamericanos se quedan conmigo; el bosque de los álamos se queda conmigo, impreso en mi corazón y en mi mente. A veces dejo mi imaginación deambular entre los árboles, sin saber qué voy a encontrar: una familia de picamaderos, el nido de un gorrión cantor, nueva actividad de castores por el río, una nueva historia en esta complejidad sin palabras.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="845" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/615715627-1024x845.jpg" alt="A lineated woodpecker (Dryocopus lineatus)—a Oaxacan relative of the pileated woodpecker—forages on a guanacastle (Enterolobium cyclocarpum), March 2024." class="wp-image-5006" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/615715627-1024x845.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/615715627-300x248.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/615715627-768x634.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/615715627.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Un carpintero lineado (Dryocopus lineatus)—pariente oaxaqueño del picamaderos norteamericano—forrajea en el tronco de un guanacastle (Enterolobium cyclocarpum), marzo de 2024.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-59 wp-block-paragraph">Mientras escribo durante el invierno, junto hilos de historia—lugares especiales en la naturaleza como este bosque de álamo, <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2024/12/01/tirano-chibiu-migracion/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">la llamada de un tirano chibiú (<em>Tyrannus vociferans</em>)</a>, <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2025/03/01/canamo-americano-apocynum-cannabinum/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">el cáñamo americano que crece por el río</a> y <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2025/01/01/el-misterio-del-crepusculo/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">las aves del crepúsculo en la selva oaxaqueña</a>—intentando encontrar el sentido entre las paradojas de mi vida. Amar a personas y lugares conectados por combustible de avión mientras el cambio climático desata incendios forestales, sequías y huracanes catastróficos. Integrarme en esta comunidad huatulqueña mientras la expansión turística sube los precios, destroza manglares y cambia formas tradicionales de vivir. Buscar una relación sana con la tierra y con mis vecinos mientras multimillonarios y corporaciones masivas amenazan todo en su avaricia por ganancias.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">La historia está en nuestros huesos</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="890" height="1024" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20250409_190618011-890x1024.jpg" alt="Cottonwood catkins open on a tree downed in the windstorm, April 2025." class="wp-image-5009" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20250409_190618011-890x1024.jpg 890w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20250409_190618011-261x300.jpg 261w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20250409_190618011-768x883.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20250409_190618011.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 890px) 100vw, 890px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Los amentos de los álamos abren por un árbol que fue tumbado en el viento, abril de 2025. </figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-60 wp-block-paragraph">Sigo pensando en los picamaderos norteamericanos mientras leo el libro de Osprey Oreille Lake <a href="https://newsociety.com/book/the-story-is-in-our-bones/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">The Story is in Our Bones: How Worldviews and Climate Justice Can Remake a World in Crisis</a> [La historia está en nuestros huesos: cómo las cosmovisiones y la justicia climática puede rehacer un mundo en crisis]. Escribe:</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-61 wp-block-paragraph"><em>…Cuando respiramos profundo y nos detenemos para pensarlo bien, las cosas que realmente nos hacen la vida posible y alegre muchas veces no son las cosas que dependen del extractivismo, o de las cosas que podemos comprar. La fotosíntesis, el ciclo hidrológico, el amor, la amistad, caminar en la belleza de la naturaleza, el apoyo mutuo, compartir historias y comida—todas estas son cosas que se pueden hacer sin gastar dinero. En la cosmovisión de la actual cultura dominante, que mercantiliza todo y sólo valora las cosas por su supuesto valor económico, nos alejamos de las cosas que son libremente dadas—las flores silvestres y los glaciares están exiliados a lo superfluo ya que no tienen asignado un valor monetario. En la cultura de la mercantilización se nos enseña a perder el respeto y el aprecio por muchos tesoros no monetarios.</em></p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="846" height="1024" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20250327_195743561-846x1024.jpg" alt="A fly visits the sap welling from a beaver-cut thinleaf alder (Alnus incana) in the cottonwood forest, March 2025." class="wp-image-5010" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20250327_195743561-846x1024.jpg 846w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20250327_195743561-248x300.jpg 248w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20250327_195743561-768x929.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20250327_195743561.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 846px) 100vw, 846px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Una mosca visita la savia que sale de un tocón de aliso (Alnus incana) que cortaron los castores en el bosque de los álamos, marzo de 2025. </figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-62 wp-block-paragraph"><em>Para contrarrestar esta cosmovisión económica rapaz, podemos trabajar para restaurar lo que muchos han llamado una economía de regalo—un sistema que muchos de nuestros antepasados utilizaban, que algunas comunidades aún practican hoy, un sistema que ha llamado la atención de una red creciente de líderes. Uno de los principios centrales es no acaparar la riqueza; sino más bien, la estructura de la economía de regalo conlleva el entendimiento de que la única manera en la que la ecología viva de un lugar y una comunidad pueda sobrevivir y prosperar es a través del apoyo mutuo. Al crear y dar regalos y mover esos regalos a través de la comunidad, aseguramos el bienestar de nuestros parientes humanos y no humanos. La esencia de este modelo de intercambio es alinear nuestras economías con las leyes naturales de la Tierra y de nuestros vecinos.</em></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-63 wp-block-paragraph"><em>En las comunidades donde se ha practicado una economía de regalo, los bienes no se cambian por dinero ni por otros bienes sino se dan sin ningún acuerdo explícito de inmediatamente devolver nada. Existe una expectativa sobreentendida de que la persona que reciba el regalo también vaya a dar en algún momento en el futuro, ya sea un regalo de reciprocidad al dador, a otra persona, a la tierra o a la comunidad entera, y hasta que pase eso, la persona se quedará en un estado de deuda positiva. Mientras que la deuda es algo incómodo para los que vivimos en una economía de mercado, en una economía de regalo, la deuda es lo que conecta a uno al dador y a la comunidad entera, creando con intención una atmósfera de reciprocidad continua.</em></p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Una economía de regalo</h3>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-64 wp-block-paragraph">Me parece cierto lo que escribe Osprey. Lo he experimentado mucho en Oaxaca, este tipo de generosidad sincera. El regalo de una mazorca de maíz criollo, una invitación a compartir comida. Un desconocido que me invita a visitar su rancho. Un vaso de mezcal, una conversación sin prisa, un <em>“esta es tu casa.”</em> Tratar de pagar estos regalos con dinero en muchos casos sería un insulto. Y así me quedo endeudado y agradecido para siempre. Si algo que he aprendido de los cantos de las aves es de interés, lo comparto. Cuando el abuelo Teo nos regala naranjas de su terreno, las compartimos. Cuando estamos de visita, ayudo con los platos y la leña. No para pagar la generosidad, porque nunca se puede, sino para que el regalo siga adelante.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-65 wp-block-paragraph">Así es con los picamaderos norteamericanos, también. ¿Cómo puedo recompensar el regalo de sus llamadas salvajes en el viento de abril? Me han mostrado su hogar, me han confiado con su cría. Me han ayudado a ver la magia de este bosque. Recompensar el regalo sería imposible: me quedo endeudado con los picamaderos norteamericanos para siempre. Pero sí puedo intentar reciprocar, de alguna manera. Proteger el secreto de su nido; compartir el amor por su bosque. Invitarte a ti, también, a practicar una economía de regalo con los picamaderos norteamericanos.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/620796386_cover-1024x768.jpg" alt="The male watches me as he excavates the nest, April 2024." class="wp-image-5012" style="width:700px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/620796386_cover-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/620796386_cover-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/620796386_cover-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/620796386_cover-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/620796386_cover-2048x1536.jpg 2048w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">El picamaderos norteamericano macho me observa mientras excava su nido, abril de 2024.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<h3 class="wp-block-heading">El canto del tecolote del oeste</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20230929_032802024-1024x768.jpg" alt="Night among the cottonwood forest." class="wp-image-5008" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20230929_032802024-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20230929_032802024-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20230929_032802024-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20230929_032802024.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">La noche entre el bosque de álamo.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-66 wp-block-paragraph">Es una noche estrellada en abril de 2025, casi exactamente un año después de que primero conocí a los picamaderos. Es una de esas noches cuando empieza a caer hielo tan pronto como se pone el sol. En un bosquecillo de álamos cerca de un arroyo en las estribaciones de la cordillera de la Montana occidental, un tecolote del oeste da su canto acelerado mientras el agua corre a través de piedras pulidas que se formaron hace más de mil millones de años. Me pregunto si ya ha encontrado una pareja, o si sigue buscándola. Me pregunto si los picamaderos norteamericanos le han dejado una cavidad de anidación entre estos álamos, excavada bocado a bocado del corazón de un árbol muerto.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="920" height="1024" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20240413_152432097-920x1024.jpg" alt="Excavating the nest cavity, April 2024." class="wp-image-5011" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20240413_152432097-920x1024.jpg 920w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20240413_152432097-269x300.jpg 269w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20240413_152432097-768x855.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20240413_152432097.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 920px) 100vw, 920px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Excavando la cavidad del nido, abril de 2024.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-67 wp-block-paragraph">Cada primavera, los picamaderos tallan nuevos huecos, y los regalos siguen por años después. Como mencioné antes, aportan hogares donde antes no existían para tecolotes del oeste, mergos cresta blanca (<em>Lophodytes cucullatus</em>), patos islándicos (<em>Bucephala islandica</em>) y cernícalos americanos (<em>Falco sparverius</em>). <em>Esta es tu casa</em>. El canto del tecolote del oeste sigue a través de la noche helada: un canto moldeado por arroyos alimentados por la nieve, las siluetas de álamos viejos, el regalo de los picamaderos norteamericanos. En el canto suave del tecolote, me imagino que escucho un &#8220;gracias.&#8221;</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Leer más</h3>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-68 wp-block-paragraph">Bull, E.L. y J.A. Jackson. (2020). Pileated woodpecker (<em>Dryocopus pileatus</em>), versión 1.0.&nbsp;<em>En</em>&nbsp;Birds of the World (A.F. Poole, editor). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, EU.&nbsp;<a href="https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pilwoo/cur/introduction" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pilwoo/cur/introduction</a></p>
<p>The post <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2025/06/01/picamaderos-norteamericanos-y-reciprocidad/">Los picamaderos norteamericanos y la reciprocidad</a> appeared first on <a href="https://wildwithnature.com">Wild With Nature</a>.</p>
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		<title>Sumergirnos en el bosque: observando la anidación de los picamaderos norteamericanos</title>
		<link>https://wildwithnature.com/2025/05/01/anidacion-picamaderos-norteamericanos/</link>
					<comments>https://wildwithnature.com/2025/05/01/anidacion-picamaderos-norteamericanos/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Shane Sater]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 01 May 2025 12:52:40 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Agua]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Aves]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Historias en español]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Catharus guttatus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Catharus ustulatus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Clark Fork River]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Dryocopus pileatus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Dumetella carolinensis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Melospiza melodia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Parkesia noveboracensis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Populus balsamifera]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sphyrapicus nuchalis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Tachycineta bicolor]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://wildwithnature.com/?p=4978</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Esta historia es la segunda de una serie sobre una pareja de picamaderos norteamericanos (Dryocopus pileatus) al lado del Río Clark Fork cerca de Missoula, [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2025/05/01/anidacion-picamaderos-norteamericanos/">Sumergirnos en el bosque: observando la anidación de los picamaderos norteamericanos</a> appeared first on <a href="https://wildwithnature.com">Wild With Nature</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<figure class="wp-block-image size-full is-resized"><a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2025/05/01/pileated-woodpecker-nest/"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="734" height="188" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-es-2.jpg" alt="Podcast bilingüe de la naturaleza" class="wp-image-3489" style="width:auto;height:100px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-es-2.jpg 734w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-es-2-300x77.jpg 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 734px) 100vw, 734px" /></a></figure>



<iframe style="border-radius:12px" src="https://open.spotify.com/embed/episode/7HkhegmpdGJ3hT0s7HDgPW?utm_source=generator&#038;t=0" width="100%" height="152" frameBorder="0" allowfullscreen="" allow="autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; fullscreen; picture-in-picture" loading="lazy"></iframe>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-96 wp-block-paragraph"><em>Esta historia es la segunda de una serie sobre una pareja de picamaderos norteamericanos </em>(Dryocopus pileatus)<em> al lado del Río Clark Fork cerca de Missoula, Montana, EU. Si no escuchaste&nbsp;<a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2025/04/01/viaje-hacia-picamaderos-norteamericanos/">la primera parte, puedes empezar ahí</a>… o empieza en medio con ésta!</em></p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20240421_235329151-1024x768.jpg" alt="Cottonwood leaves emerge along the Clark Fork River." class="wp-image-4946" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20240421_235329151-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20240421_235329151-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20240421_235329151-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20240421_235329151.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Las hojas de los álamos negros brotan a lo largo del Río Clark Fork.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-97 wp-block-paragraph">21 de abril de 2024. Es una tarde soleada pero ventosa por el Río Clark Fork, una semana después de mi última visita a este lugar. Los días recientes han sido frescos, marcados por ráfagas de viento y una tormenta de nieve efímera. ¡Todo cambia muy rápidamente en esta temporada! Ya están brotando las hojas por el río donde hacía una semana los árboles estaban vestidos de gris. Ahora el bosque ribereño está perfumado por el aroma de los álamos negros (<em>Populus balsamifera</em>). El dosel está lleno de una neblina viva de color verde cobrizo. Esta vez estoy con mis amigas las fotógrafas <a href="https://www.leaf-images.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Lea Frye</a> y <a href="https://www.ritaccophotography.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Rachel Ritacco</a>, que vinieron de Helena. Decidí confiarles el secreto del nido de los picamaderos norteamericanos, sabiendo que van a cuidar el bienestar de las aves tan bien como yo.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="788" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/Tower-Trail_Pilleated_01_LeaFrye-1024x788.jpg" alt="The male pileated woodpecker drums on a dead cottonwood trunk. Photo by Lea Frye, https://www.leaf-images.com/." class="wp-image-4949" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/Tower-Trail_Pilleated_01_LeaFrye-1024x788.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/Tower-Trail_Pilleated_01_LeaFrye-300x231.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/Tower-Trail_Pilleated_01_LeaFrye-768x591.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/Tower-Trail_Pilleated_01_LeaFrye.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">El picamaderos norteamericano macho tamborilea en un tronquito muerto de álamo. Foto por Lea Frye, <a href="https://www.leaf-images.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Lea.F Images</a>.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-98 wp-block-paragraph">Esta vez, escuchamos un picamaderos norteamericano antes de acercarnos al nido. Aún cientos de metros lejos, en la parte más comúnmente visitada del parque, encontramos un macho tamborileando en la parte muerta de un tronco ramificado de un álamo. El sonido viaja lejos a través del bosque primaveral. </p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">El nido</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="1003" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/DSCN6408-1024x1003.jpg" alt="Lea Frye and Rachel Ritacco observe the nest tree from a respectful distance." class="wp-image-4951" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/DSCN6408-1024x1003.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/DSCN6408-300x294.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/DSCN6408-768x752.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/DSCN6408.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Lea Frye y Rachel Ritacco observan el tronco donde está el nido desde una distancia respetuosa. </figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-99 wp-block-paragraph">Sin embargo, mientras nos acercamos al tronco donde está el nido, todo está quieto. El viento se escucha más fuerte aquí por el río, suspirando por el bosque. Unas golondrinas bicolores (<em>Tachycineta bicolor</em>) vuelan forrajeando energéticamente sobre el agua, pero el tronco muerto del álamo parece estar abandonado. ¿Se han ido los picamaderos para construir su nido por otro lado?</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-100 wp-block-paragraph">Justo cuando estamos a punto de irnos, el macho llega volando desde atrás, una sombra silente de rojo y negro. Mientras llega al tronco, la hembra sale del hueco—que claramente estaba ocupado desde que llegamos—y él entra, desapareciendo por completo. Es obvio que los carpinteros han profundizado el hueco mucho durante esta semana fría de abril. Cuando los observé la semana pasada, todavía sobresalían sus alas y cola al excavar.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Astillas de madera por la brisa</h3>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-101 wp-block-paragraph">Observamos al macho por una hora y media. Generalmente, todo lo que vemos es un hueco negro en el tronco marrón claro del álamo. De vez en cuando podemos escuchar al picamaderos excavando, si escuchamos con mucha atención, un golpeteo quieto desde las profundidades del árbol. Finalmente, después de varios minutos de excavación, lo vemos extender la cabeza de la entrada, un contraste de sombras y plumas parcialmente iluminadas por el sol al oeste. Observa el mundo afuera en silencio por un buen rato—confirmando que no haya depredadores en el área, sospechamos. Finalmente, agarra bocados grandes de astillas de madera y los tira con un movimiento rápido de la cabeza. Me pregunto cómo se siente tener la boca llena de astillas secas de álamo. La brisa del oeste dispersa las astillas en un instante. </p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="819" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/Tower-Trail_Pilleated_02_LeaFrye-1024x819.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-4952" style="width:700px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/Tower-Trail_Pilleated_02_LeaFrye-1024x819.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/Tower-Trail_Pilleated_02_LeaFrye-300x240.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/Tower-Trail_Pilleated_02_LeaFrye-768x614.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/Tower-Trail_Pilleated_02_LeaFrye.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">El picamaderos norteamericano macho a punto de tirar astillas de madera del nido. Foto por Lea Frye, <a href="https://www.leaf-images.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Lea.F Images</a>.</figcaption></figure>
</div>

<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="819" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/Tower-Trail_Pilleated_03_LeaFrye-1024x819.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-4953" style="width:700px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/Tower-Trail_Pilleated_03_LeaFrye-1024x819.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/Tower-Trail_Pilleated_03_LeaFrye-300x240.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/Tower-Trail_Pilleated_03_LeaFrye-768x614.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/Tower-Trail_Pilleated_03_LeaFrye.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Tirando las astillas. Foto por Lea Frye, <a href="https://www.leaf-images.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Lea.F Images</a>.</figcaption></figure>
</div>

<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="819" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/Tower-Trail_Pilleated_04_LeaFrye-1024x819.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-4954" style="width:700px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/Tower-Trail_Pilleated_04_LeaFrye-1024x819.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/Tower-Trail_Pilleated_04_LeaFrye-300x240.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/Tower-Trail_Pilleated_04_LeaFrye-768x614.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/Tower-Trail_Pilleated_04_LeaFrye.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Las astillas se dispersan por el aire. Foto por Lea Frye, <a href="https://www.leaf-images.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Lea.F Images</a>.</figcaption></figure>
</div>

<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="1024" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/Tower-Trail_Pilleated_05_LeaFrye-1024x1024.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-4955" style="width:700px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/Tower-Trail_Pilleated_05_LeaFrye-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/Tower-Trail_Pilleated_05_LeaFrye-300x300.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/Tower-Trail_Pilleated_05_LeaFrye-150x150.jpg 150w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/Tower-Trail_Pilleated_05_LeaFrye-768x768.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/Tower-Trail_Pilleated_05_LeaFrye.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">El macho checa el entorno antes de volver a excavar el nido. Foto por Lea Frye, <a href="https://www.leaf-images.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Lea.F Images</a>.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Dos semanas de excavar un nido</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20240424_142555408-1024x768.jpg" alt="The web of an orb-weaving spider stretches across the morning forest." class="wp-image-4957" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20240424_142555408-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20240424_142555408-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20240424_142555408-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20240424_142555408.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Una telaraña y la araña que la construyó cuelgan a través del bosque matutino.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-102 wp-block-paragraph">Tres días después, vuelvo a visitar a los picamaderos. Han pasado 13 días después de que primero los vi construyendo el nido. Hojas nuevas del tamaño de mis uñas están creciendo en los cornejos colorados (<em>Cornus sericea</em>). Los gorriones cantores (<em>Melospiza melodia</em>) están cantando y los carpinteros nuca roja (<em>Sphyrapicus nuchalis</em>) están tamborileando desde todas partes del bosque de álamo. Los arbustos están salpicados con telarañas orbiculares.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/DSCN6444-1024x768.jpg" alt="The male throwing more wood chips." class="wp-image-4959" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/DSCN6444-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/DSCN6444-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/DSCN6444-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/DSCN6444.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">El macho sigue tirando astillas. </figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-103 wp-block-paragraph">El sol lleva unas horas subiendo y el día apenas está poniéndose templado cuando llego al nido. Al inicio no veo ninguna señal de actividad, pero dentro de unos minutos llega el macho. Después de pausar en el exterior del tronco y meterse la cabeza en el nido con mucha precaución—¿checando por depredadores?—entra y comienza de nuevo la misma rutina de excavación que observé hace unos días con Lea y Rachel. </p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-104 wp-block-paragraph">Pero esta vez, sólo pasa un ratito golpeteando y tirando astillas antes de que acontece algo diferente. </p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Una conversación entre los picamaderos norteamericanos</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/DSCN6411-1024x768.jpg" alt="The pileated woodpecker as it appeared during most of my observations: a quiet (but occupied) cavity in the cottonwood snag." class="wp-image-4961" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/DSCN6411-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/DSCN6411-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/DSCN6411-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/DSCN6411.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">El nido de los picamaderos norteamericanos como aparecía durante la mayor parte de mi tiempo de observación: una cavidad quieta (pero ocupada) en el tronco muerto del álamo negro. </figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-105 wp-block-paragraph">Escucho una sola llamada de otro picamaderos en la distancia, desde el otro lado del río. De inmediato la cabeza del macho aparece en la entrada del nido y él responde con una llamada. Al rato, llama de nuevo. No reacciono a tiempo, desafortunadamente, y no logro grabar las llamadas. Al encender mi micrófono y empezar a grabar, los picamaderos ya se han callado.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-106 wp-block-paragraph">Es entonces que veo la hembra—o por lo menos supongo que ha de ser la hembra, aunque estoy demasiado ocupado grabando para levantar mis binoculares y confirmar. Vuela ondulando sobre el río, directamente hacia el nido. Ya que está cerca, da otra llamada. Sigue volando 10 metros más allá y aterriza en el tronco de un álamo vivo.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-107 wp-block-paragraph">Esta vez el macho no sale del hueco. En su vez, empieza a golpetear dentro de la cavidad—un golpeteo claramente comunicativo, más rápido y ruidoso que sus sonidos de excavación. &nbsp;</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-108 wp-block-paragraph">La hembra vuela al nido. Parece que golpetea brevemente en la entrada. Ahora sí el macho se asoma y sale volando, retrocediendo por el otro lado del río. La hembra entra, pero sólo se queda unos segundos antes de seguir al macho volando.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Anidación en el bosque primaveral</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20240424_232359011-1024x768.jpg" alt="The song sparrow nest, on the ground in the springtime forest." class="wp-image-4962" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20240424_232359011-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20240424_232359011-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20240424_232359011-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20240424_232359011.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">El nido del gorrión cantor, en el suelo del bosque primaveral. </figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-109 wp-block-paragraph"><em>¿Qué está pasando aquí?</em> me pregunto. Parece que la cavidad ya está bien profunda, a lo mejor casi terminada. ¿Estaba la hembra buscando una cópula? ¿Ya está poniendo huevos, o pronto va a hacerlo?</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-110 wp-block-paragraph">La temporada de anidación definitivamente está progresando. Esta misma tarde, mientras camino por el río, un gorrión cantor se echa a volar en silencio desde los zacates casi debajo de mis pies. Me detengo inmediatamente. Buscando con cuidado, logro encontrar el nido, una canasta meticulosamente tejida sobre el suelo, escondida entre las hojas muertas del alpiste (<em>Phalaris arundinacea</em>) del año pasado. Adentro están por lo menos tres crías. Les tomo una foto y rápidamente las dejo en paz. </p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Mayo y una profusión de voces</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20240522_143328598-1024x768.jpg" alt="The rainy May forest." class="wp-image-4963" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20240522_143328598-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20240522_143328598-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20240522_143328598-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20240522_143328598.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">El bosque lluvioso de mayo. </figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-111 wp-block-paragraph">Ya pasa casi un mes antes de que encuentro otra oportunidad para visitar a los picamaderos. Es una mañana lluviosa a finales de mayo. El aroma dulce y resinoso de las hojas de álamo permea el aire. Las copas de los álamos reciben el regalo de la lluvia constante y lo concentran en gotas grandes que salpican el follaje de los cornejos colorados por abajo.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="826" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/619488926-1024x826.jpg" alt="A migrant Swainson's thrush stops over in the forest." class="wp-image-4964" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/619488926-1024x826.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/619488926-300x242.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/619488926-768x620.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/619488926.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Un zorzal de anteojos en migración hace escala en el bosque. </figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-112 wp-block-paragraph">Un chipe charquero (<em>Parkesia noveboracensis</em>), recién llegado desde sus tierras invernales—tal vez en México, tal vez en Colombia—está cantando fuerte cerca del brazo del río que protege el nido de demasiada atención. El tronco caído donde típicamente cruzo el agua está casi sumergido por el caudal primaveral. Las partes bajas de la zona inundable se han convertido en charcos alargados. Zorzales de anteojos (<em>Catharus ustulatus</em>) y zorzales cola canela (<em>Catharus guttatus</em>) que están haciendo escala aquí durante su migración están forrajeando en el suelo. A veces escucho sus llamadas suaves a través de la lluvia.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-113 wp-block-paragraph">Al llegar al nido, busco un lugar relativamente protegido para sentarme debajo de un álamo y observar. Un maullador gris (<em>Dumetella carolinensis</em>) se está escondiendo en los arbustos cerca del territorio del gorrión cantor local. Otro chipe charquero está cantando desde los arbustos más densos detrás de mí.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">¿Incubación?</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20240522_154831242-1024x768.jpg" alt="A beaver dam breached by the spring floods." class="wp-image-4965" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20240522_154831242-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20240522_154831242-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20240522_154831242-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20240522_154831242.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Una presa de castores atravesada por el caudal alto de la primavera. </figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-114 wp-block-paragraph">Tengo que esperar mucho a que aparezcan los picamaderos. Finalmente, la hembra llega en silencio y se percha en la entrada del nido. Veo que no está cargando alimento ni nada más en su pico. Espera ahí por un buen rato, inclinando su cabeza un poco. Miro al otro lado en un instante importante, así que no veo exactamente qué pasó—pero de repente un picamaderos norteamericano está volando hasta lejos, cruzando el río. Un minuto después veo al otro picamaderos asomarse del hueco. Pronto desaparece, quedándose adentro.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-115 wp-block-paragraph">Había pensado que en esta temporada estarían alimentando sus crías, pero lo que estoy viendo no cuadra. ¿Todavía están incubando huevos? </p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-116 wp-block-paragraph">Cuando checo en <em>Birds of the World</em>, decido que casi tienen que estar incubando aún. Se supone que el periodo de incubación dura unos 18 días, y durante este periodo los adultos están reservados y quietos. Pero sólo tres días después de eclosión, &#8220;los pichones suenan como colmenas.&#8221; Es claro que aún nos falta llegar a la etapa de colmena.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">El crecimiento de junio</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20240613_130008842-1024x768.jpg" alt="The June cottonwood forest." class="wp-image-4966" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20240613_130008842-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20240613_130008842-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20240613_130008842-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20240613_130008842.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">El bosque de álamo en junio.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-117 wp-block-paragraph">No puedo regresar de nuevo a la isla hasta el 13 de junio, una mañana soleada dentro de un periodo de mañana soleadas. La combinación de las lluvias de mayo y el sol de junio ha hecho todo crecer rápidamente. El bromo suave (<em>Bromus inermis</em>) y el alpiste están a punto de florecer; la cola de caballo (<em>Equisetum</em> spp.) está verde y cubierta en rocío; y las copas de los álamos brillan en verde dorado donde el sol las toca. El deshielo de las montañas ha subido el caudal del río aún más. Cruzar el brazo del río por el tronco caído me parece un poco precario, y mientras sigo el sendero hacia el nido las únicas huellas que veo en el barro son las de los venados.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="965" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/DSCN7549-1024x965.jpg" alt="The female pileated woodpecker forages on a cottonwood near the nest." class="wp-image-4967" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/DSCN7549-1024x965.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/DSCN7549-300x283.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/DSCN7549-768x724.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/DSCN7549.jpg 1180w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">La hembra del picamaderos norteamericano forrajea en un álamo cerca del nido. </figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-118 wp-block-paragraph">Esta vez, no tengo que esperar la actividad por el nido. Ni siquiera tengo que acercarme para verlo. De repente la voz poderosa de un picamaderos norteamericano resuena por el bosque y atisbo la espalda de uno de los papás mientras se aleja volando a través de los árboles. Cuando llego a ver el nido, deduzco que tuvo que ser el macho que vi volar: la hembra sigue cerca, cien metros a la izquierda, forrajeando en el tronco de un álamo vivo. Mientras se mueve a una rama muerta más chica que sobresale del tronco y empieza a golpearla fuerte, usando su pico como cincel y tirando pedacitos de corteza, saco mi micrófono y empiezo a grabar. </p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">El pichón</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="861" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/DSCN7568-1024x861.jpg" alt="The nestling pileated woodpecker." class="wp-image-4968" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/DSCN7568-1024x861.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/DSCN7568-300x252.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/DSCN7568-768x646.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/DSCN7568.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">El joven picamaderos norteamericano. </figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-119 wp-block-paragraph">Poco a poco, llego a darme cuenta de otro sonido, que se escucha desde el nido. Es una llamada ronca e insistente, repetida una y otra vez. El autor del sonido es un picamaderos pichón, su cabeza saliendo impaciente del hueco. Cuando la hembra vuela a otro álamo más cercano y da su fuerte <em>quiquiquiquiquí</em>, las quejas del pichón se aumentan. La hembra espera unos segundos más y vuela al nido, atiborrando el pico del pichón con comida. Ella se retira al árbol donde antes llamaba, da una llamada más, y vuela para el sur. El pichón se calla, pero pronto vuelve a asomarse por la entrada del nido.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="870" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/DSCN7557-1024x870.jpg" alt="The male pileated woodpecker perches on the &quot;calling tree.&quot;" class="wp-image-4969" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/DSCN7557-1024x870.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/DSCN7557-300x255.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/DSCN7557-768x652.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/DSCN7557.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">El picamaderos norteamericano macho se posa en el álamo desde donde la pareja muchas veces llama. </figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-120 wp-block-paragraph">Aproximadamente media hora después llega el macho. Arriba sin avisar y el pichón sólo mendiga por unos segundos antes de que el picamaderos papá lo alimenta. Después, papá vuela al mismo árbol donde mamá antes llamaba. Ahí se queda por unos segundos, a lo mejor tomando un poco de espacio antes de resumir sus responsabilidades. Llama una vez más y desaparece, siguiendo el río al oeste.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-121 wp-block-paragraph"><em>Ya llegamos al final de la segunda parte de esta historia sobre los picamaderos norteamericanos. ¡Regresa al comienzo de junio para la tercera parte, donde vamos a finalizar la historia! </em></p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Leer más</h3>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-122 wp-block-paragraph">Bull, E.L. y J.A. Jackson. (2020). Pileated woodpecker (<em>Dryocopus pileatus</em>), versión 1.0.&nbsp;<em>En</em>&nbsp;Birds of the World (A.F. Poole, editor). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, EU.&nbsp;<a href="https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pilwoo/cur/introduction" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pilwoo/cur/introduction</a></p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="990" height="1024" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/Tower-Trail_Pilleated_08_LeaFrye-990x1024.jpg" alt="The male pileated woodpecker excavating the nest, late April. Photo by Lea Frye." class="wp-image-4970" style="width:700px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/Tower-Trail_Pilleated_08_LeaFrye-990x1024.jpg 990w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/Tower-Trail_Pilleated_08_LeaFrye-290x300.jpg 290w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/Tower-Trail_Pilleated_08_LeaFrye-768x794.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/Tower-Trail_Pilleated_08_LeaFrye.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 990px) 100vw, 990px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">El picamaderos norteamericano macho excavando el nido a finales de abril. Foto por Lea Frye, <a href="https://www.leaf-images.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Lea.F Images</a>.</figcaption></figure>
</div><p>The post <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2025/05/01/anidacion-picamaderos-norteamericanos/">Sumergirnos en el bosque: observando la anidación de los picamaderos norteamericanos</a> appeared first on <a href="https://wildwithnature.com">Wild With Nature</a>.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
					
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			</item>
		<item>
		<title>Immersed in the spring forest: watching a pileated woodpecker nest</title>
		<link>https://wildwithnature.com/2025/05/01/pileated-woodpecker-nest/</link>
					<comments>https://wildwithnature.com/2025/05/01/pileated-woodpecker-nest/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Shane Sater]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 01 May 2025 12:50:23 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Birds]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[English-language stories]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Water]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Catharus guttatus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Catharus ustulatus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Clark Fork River]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Dryocopus pileatus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Dumetella carolinensis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Melospiza melodia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Parkesia noveboracensis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Populus balsamifera]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sphyrapicus nuchalis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Tachycineta bicolor]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://wildwithnature.com/?p=4940</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>This story is the second in a series about a pair of pileated woodpeckers (Dryocopus pileatus) along the Clark Fork River near Missoula, Montana, USA. [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2025/05/01/pileated-woodpecker-nest/">Immersed in the spring forest: watching a pileated woodpecker nest</a> appeared first on <a href="https://wildwithnature.com">Wild With Nature</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<figure class="wp-block-image size-full is-resized"><a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2025/05/01/anidacion-picamaderos-norteamericanos/"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="706" height="181" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-en-2.jpg" alt="Bilingual nature podcast" class="wp-image-3486" style="width:auto;height:100px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-en-2.jpg 706w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-en-2-300x77.jpg 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 706px) 100vw, 706px" /></a></figure>



<iframe style="border-radius:12px" src="https://open.spotify.com/embed/episode/1CtDLOMCEG2OA6WGFvNM5m?utm_source=generator&#038;t=0" width="100%" height="152" frameBorder="0" allowfullscreen="" allow="autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; fullscreen; picture-in-picture" loading="lazy"></iframe>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-150 wp-block-paragraph"><em>This story is the second in a series about a pair of pileated woodpeckers </em>(Dryocopus pileatus)<em> along the Clark Fork River near Missoula, Montana, USA. If you haven’t heard&nbsp;<a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2025/04/01/journey-to-the-pileated-woodpeckers/">last month’s installment, you can start there</a>… or just jump in here!</em></p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20240421_235329151-1024x768.jpg" alt="Cottonwood leaves emerge along the Clark Fork River." class="wp-image-4946" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20240421_235329151-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20240421_235329151-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20240421_235329151-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20240421_235329151.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Cottonwood leaves emerge along the Clark Fork River.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-151 wp-block-paragraph">April 21, 2024. It&#8217;s a sunny but windy afternoon along the Clark Fork River. It&#8217;s been just over a week since I last came here. The intervening days have been cool and gusty, punctuated by a short-lived spring snowstorm. Everything changes so fast in this season. Now the leaves are bursting forth along the river where a week ago the trees were gray. The floodplain forest is perfumed with the scent of cottonwoods (<em>Populus balsamifera</em>), the canopy filled with a haze of pale coppery green. This time I’m with my Helena-based wildlife photographer friends <a href="https://www.leaf-images.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Lea Frye</a> and <a href="https://www.ritaccophotography.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Rachel Ritacco</a>. I’ve decided to entrust them with the secret of the nest tree, knowing they will care for the sensitive nest location as well as I do.&nbsp;</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="788" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/Tower-Trail_Pilleated_01_LeaFrye-1024x788.jpg" alt="The male pileated woodpecker drums on a dead cottonwood trunk. Photo by Lea Frye, https://www.leaf-images.com/." class="wp-image-4949" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/Tower-Trail_Pilleated_01_LeaFrye-1024x788.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/Tower-Trail_Pilleated_01_LeaFrye-300x231.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/Tower-Trail_Pilleated_01_LeaFrye-768x591.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/Tower-Trail_Pilleated_01_LeaFrye.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">The male pileated woodpecker drums on a dead cottonwood trunk. Photo by Lea Frye, <a href="https://www.leaf-images.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Lea.F Images</a>.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-152 wp-block-paragraph">This time, we hear a pileated woodpecker even before we get close to the nest. Hundreds of meters away from it still, in the more heavily-traveled section of the park, we find the male drumming on a dead section of a branching cottonwood trunk. The drumming carries far through the springtime forest.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">The nest tree</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="1003" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/DSCN6408-1024x1003.jpg" alt="Lea Frye and Rachel Ritacco observe the nest tree from a respectful distance." class="wp-image-4951" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/DSCN6408-1024x1003.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/DSCN6408-300x294.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/DSCN6408-768x752.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/DSCN6408.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Lea Frye and Rachel Ritacco observe the nest tree from a respectful distance.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-153 wp-block-paragraph">As we approach the nest tree, though, all is quiet. The wind is stronger here along the river, whooshing through the forest. Tree swallows (<em>Tachycineta bicolor</em>) forage energetically over the water, their calls faint above the wind noise, but the cottonwood snag appears abandoned. Have the pileated woodpeckers left and decided to build their nest elsewhere?&nbsp;</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-154 wp-block-paragraph">Just as we’re about to leave, the male flies in from behind us, a silent red-and-black shadow streaking past. As he arrives, the female flies out of the hole—which clearly was occupied all along—and he enters, disappearing completely. Obviously the woodpeckers have deepened the hole substantially during this chilly April week.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Wood chips on the breeze</h3>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-155 wp-block-paragraph">We watch the male for over an hour and a half. Mostly, we see a black hole in a tan tree trunk. From time to time we can hear him excavating if we listen closely, a quiet tapping from deep inside the cavity. Finally, after several minutes of excavating, we see his head poking out of the entrance, a contrast of shadows and feathers partly lit by the westering sun. He observes the outside world silently for a long pause—making sure the coast is clear of predators, we suspect. Finally, he retrieves huge beakfuls of wood chips and flings them out of the entrance with forceful flicks of his head. I wonder what that sensation is like, having a mouthful of dry cottonwood shards. The west wind disperses the wood chips in the blink of an eye.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="819" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/Tower-Trail_Pilleated_02_LeaFrye-1024x819.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-4952" style="width:700px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/Tower-Trail_Pilleated_02_LeaFrye-1024x819.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/Tower-Trail_Pilleated_02_LeaFrye-300x240.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/Tower-Trail_Pilleated_02_LeaFrye-768x614.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/Tower-Trail_Pilleated_02_LeaFrye.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">The male pileated woodpecker gets ready to toss wood chips from the nest. Photo by Lea Frye, <a href="https://www.leaf-images.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Lea.F Images</a>.</figcaption></figure>
</div>

<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="819" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/Tower-Trail_Pilleated_03_LeaFrye-1024x819.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-4953" style="width:700px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/Tower-Trail_Pilleated_03_LeaFrye-1024x819.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/Tower-Trail_Pilleated_03_LeaFrye-300x240.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/Tower-Trail_Pilleated_03_LeaFrye-768x614.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/Tower-Trail_Pilleated_03_LeaFrye.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">The toss. Photo by Lea Frye, <a href="https://www.leaf-images.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Lea.F Images</a>.</figcaption></figure>
</div>

<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="819" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/Tower-Trail_Pilleated_04_LeaFrye-1024x819.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-4954" style="width:700px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/Tower-Trail_Pilleated_04_LeaFrye-1024x819.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/Tower-Trail_Pilleated_04_LeaFrye-300x240.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/Tower-Trail_Pilleated_04_LeaFrye-768x614.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/Tower-Trail_Pilleated_04_LeaFrye.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Wood chips fly on the breeze. Photo by Lea Frye, <a href="https://www.leaf-images.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Lea.F Images</a>.</figcaption></figure>
</div>

<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="1024" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/Tower-Trail_Pilleated_05_LeaFrye-1024x1024.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-4955" style="width:700px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/Tower-Trail_Pilleated_05_LeaFrye-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/Tower-Trail_Pilleated_05_LeaFrye-300x300.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/Tower-Trail_Pilleated_05_LeaFrye-150x150.jpg 150w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/Tower-Trail_Pilleated_05_LeaFrye-768x768.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/Tower-Trail_Pilleated_05_LeaFrye.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">The male checks his surroundings before returning to his excavation. Photo by Lea Frye, <a href="https://www.leaf-images.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Lea.F Images</a>.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Two weeks digging a nest</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20240424_142555408-1024x768.jpg" alt="The web of an orb-weaving spider stretches across the morning forest." class="wp-image-4957" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20240424_142555408-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20240424_142555408-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20240424_142555408-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20240424_142555408.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">The web of an orb-weaving spider stretches across the morning forest.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-156 wp-block-paragraph">Three days later, I return to the woodpeckers. It’s been 13 days now since I first noticed them digging the nest cavity. Fresh leaves the size of my fingernails are emerging on the red-osier dogwoods. Song sparrows (<em>Melospiza melodia</em>) are singing and red-naped sapsuckers (<em>Sphyrapicus nuchalis</em>) are drumming from all over the cottonwood forest, and the orb-weaving spiders have webs strung all over the place.&nbsp;</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/DSCN6444-1024x768.jpg" alt="The male throwing more wood chips." class="wp-image-4959" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/DSCN6444-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/DSCN6444-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/DSCN6444-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/DSCN6444.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">The male throwing more wood chips.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-157 wp-block-paragraph">The sun is a few hours high and is just starting to feel warm when I arrive at the nest tree. There’s no sign of activity when I arrive, but within a few minutes the male flies in. After perching on the outside of the trunk for a while and cautiously poking his head in—checking for predators?—he enters and begins the same excavation routine I watched with Lea and Rachel a few days ago.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-158 wp-block-paragraph">But this time, he only gets through one bout of tapping and wood chip throwing before something different happens.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">A conversation among pileated woodpeckers</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/DSCN6411-1024x768.jpg" alt="The pileated woodpecker as it appeared during most of my observations: a quiet (but occupied) cavity in the cottonwood snag." class="wp-image-4961" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/DSCN6411-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/DSCN6411-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/DSCN6411-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/DSCN6411.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">The pileated woodpecker nest as it appeared during most of my observations: a quiet (but occupied) cavity in the cottonwood snag.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-159 wp-block-paragraph">I hear a single call from a different pileated woodpecker in the distance, on the other side of the river. The male immediately pokes his head out of the hole and responds. A minute or two later, he calls again. I’m slow on the uptake, unfortunately, and don’t manage to record any of these calls. By the time I manage to turn my microphone on and begin recording, the woodpeckers have fallen silent. </p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-160 wp-block-paragraph">Then I see the female—at least I presume it must be the female, though I’m too busy recording the sounds to lift my binoculars and confirm—fly in shallow undulations across the river, straight towards the nest tree. As she gets close, she gives a different call. She flies 10 meters past the nest snag and lands on the trunk of a live cottonwood.&nbsp;</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-161 wp-block-paragraph">The male doesn’t poke his head out this time. Instead, he begins tapping inside the cavity—a clearly communicative tapping, faster and obviously louder than his excavation noises.&nbsp;</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-162 wp-block-paragraph">The female flies to the cavity. It seems that she taps briefly on the entrance. The male pokes his head out and exits, flying away across the river. She enters, stays just a couple of seconds, and then flies off in the same direction.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Nesting in the springtime forest</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20240424_232359011-1024x768.jpg" alt="The song sparrow nest, on the ground in the springtime forest." class="wp-image-4962" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20240424_232359011-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20240424_232359011-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20240424_232359011-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20240424_232359011.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">The song sparrow nest, on the ground in the springtime forest.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-163 wp-block-paragraph"><em>What is happening here?</em> I ask myself. It seems that the nest cavity is quite deep, perhaps close to finished. Could she have been soliciting a mating? Are they laying eggs, or getting ready to?</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-164 wp-block-paragraph">Nesting season is definitely progressing. That afternoon, as I’m still wandering along the river, a song sparrow flushes silently from the grasses almost at my feet. I freeze. Searching carefully, I manage to find the nest, a neatly woven cup nearly at ground level, tucked in a clump of last year’s reed canarygrass leaves. There are at least three nestlings inside. I snap a photo and quickly back off.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">A profusion of May voices</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20240522_143328598-1024x768.jpg" alt="The rainy May forest." class="wp-image-4963" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20240522_143328598-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20240522_143328598-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20240522_143328598-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20240522_143328598.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">The rainy May forest.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-165 wp-block-paragraph">Almost a month passes before I’m able to visit the pileated woodpeckers again. It’s a rainy morning in late May. The sweet, resinous scent of cottonwood leaves permeates the air. Their canopies catch the steady, life-giving rain and concentrate it into big fat drops that splash against the red-osier dogwood foliage below. </p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="826" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/619488926-1024x826.jpg" alt="A migrant Swainson's thrush stops over in the forest." class="wp-image-4964" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/619488926-1024x826.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/619488926-300x242.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/619488926-768x620.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/619488926.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A migrant Swainson&#8217;s thrush stops over in the forest.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-166 wp-block-paragraph">A northern waterthrush (<em>Parkesia noveboracensis</em>) is singing loudly near the side channel of the river that protects the nest tree from attention. The log I usually cross is almost submerged in the spring flow, and the low swales along the river have become elongated pools. Migrating Swainson’s thrushes (<em>Catharus ustulatus</em>) and hermit thrushes (<em>Catharus guttatus</em>) are foraging in the understory. Occasionally I hear their faint calls through the rain.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-167 wp-block-paragraph">When I arrive at the nest tree, I find a relatively protected place to sit under a cottonwood and I watch. A gray catbird (<em>Dumetella carolinensis</em>) is lurking in the shrubs near the song sparrow’s territory. Another northern waterthrush is singing from the denser shrubs behind me.&nbsp;</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Incubation?</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20240522_154831242-1024x768.jpg" alt="A beaver dam breached by the spring floods." class="wp-image-4965" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20240522_154831242-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20240522_154831242-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20240522_154831242-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20240522_154831242.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A beaver dam breached by the spring floods.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-168 wp-block-paragraph">It doesn’t take long for the pileated woodpeckers to appear. The female flies in silently and perches at the entrance to the nest. I notice that she’s not carrying food or anything else in her beak. She waits there for a while, tilting her head slightly. Then I glance away at a critical instant and miss seeing what happens—but suddenly a pileated woodpecker is flying away across the river. A minute later, I see the other woodpecker poke its head out of the cavity, then disappear back inside.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-169 wp-block-paragraph">By now I had been expecting to find the parents feeding chicks, but what I’m seeing isn’t lining up. Are they still incubating?</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-170 wp-block-paragraph">Reading in <em>Birds of the World</em>, I decide that they almost have to be. The incubation period is supposed to be around 18 days, and adults are quiet and secretive during this time. But by day three after hatching, “nestlings sound like [a] beehive.” We definitely haven’t reached the beehive stage yet.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">June growth</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20240613_130008842-1024x768.jpg" alt="The June cottonwood forest." class="wp-image-4966" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20240613_130008842-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20240613_130008842-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20240613_130008842-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PXL_20240613_130008842.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">The June cottonwood forest.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-171 wp-block-paragraph">I’m not able to return to the island again until June 13, a sunny morning in a stretch of sunny mornings. The combination of May rains and June sun has made everything grow in the blink of an eye. Smooth brome and reed canarygrass are about to flower; the horsetails are lush and dewy; and the cottonwood canopy is green-gold and glossy where the sun is touching it. The melting snow in the mountains has made the river even higher than last time. The log across the channel seems slightly precarious, and as I follow the trail toward the pileated woodpecker nest the only tracks I see in the mud are those of the deer.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="965" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/DSCN7549-1024x965.jpg" alt="The female pileated woodpecker forages on a cottonwood near the nest." class="wp-image-4967" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/DSCN7549-1024x965.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/DSCN7549-300x283.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/DSCN7549-768x724.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/DSCN7549.jpg 1180w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">The female pileated woodpecker forages on a cottonwood near the nest.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-172 wp-block-paragraph">This time, I don’t have to wait for activity at the nest tree. Before I can even see it through the intervening cottonwoods, I hear the booming voice of a pileated woodpecker and glimpse the black form of one of the parents bouncing away through the trees. As I approach within sight of the nest, I deduce that it must have been the male whom I saw fly away: the female is still nearby, a hundred meters to my left, foraging on a live cottonwood. As she moves to a smaller dead branch protruding from the trunk and begins to forage loudly, chiseling with her powerful bill and dropping shreds of bark, I pull out my microphone and begin recording.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">The nestling</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="861" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/DSCN7568-1024x861.jpg" alt="The nestling pileated woodpecker." class="wp-image-4968" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/DSCN7568-1024x861.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/DSCN7568-300x252.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/DSCN7568-768x646.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/DSCN7568.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">The nestling pileated woodpecker.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-173 wp-block-paragraph">Gradually, I become aware of another sound, this one coming from the nest. It’s a hoarse, insistent call, repeated over and over. The maker of the sound is a nestling, its head protruding impatiently from the hole in the tree. As the female flies to a nearer cottonwood and gives her deep <em>kekekekeke</em>, the begging becomes louder. She waits a few seconds more and then flies to the entrance hole, shoving food into the expectant bill of the nestling. She retreats to her calling tree, calls once more, and then flies south into the forest. The nestling falls silent, though before very long it resumes poking its head out of the hole.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="870" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/DSCN7557-1024x870.jpg" alt="The male pileated woodpecker perches on the &quot;calling tree.&quot;" class="wp-image-4969" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/DSCN7557-1024x870.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/DSCN7557-300x255.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/DSCN7557-768x652.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/DSCN7557.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">The male pileated woodpecker perches on the &#8220;calling tree.&#8221;</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-174 wp-block-paragraph">It’s around half an hour later when the male arrives. He flies in without warning and the nestling only begs for a few seconds before papa woodpecker feeds it. He too flies to the same calling tree afterwards. There he perches for several seconds, perhaps taking a bit of “me time” before resuming parenting duties. Then he calls once and is gone, heading west along the river.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-175 wp-block-paragraph"><em>This concludes part two of this story about the pileated woodpeckers. Look for the third and final installment of the story next month, at the beginning of June! </em></p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Further reading</h3>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-176 wp-block-paragraph">Bull, E.L. and J.A. Jackson. (2020). Pileated woodpecker (<em>Dryocopus pileatus</em>), version 1.0.&nbsp;<em>In</em>&nbsp;Birds of the World (A.F. Poole, editor). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA.&nbsp;<a href="https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pilwoo/cur/introduction" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pilwoo/cur/introduction</a></p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="990" height="1024" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/Tower-Trail_Pilleated_08_LeaFrye-990x1024.jpg" alt="The male pileated woodpecker excavating the nest, late April. Photo by Lea Frye." class="wp-image-4970" style="width:700px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/Tower-Trail_Pilleated_08_LeaFrye-990x1024.jpg 990w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/Tower-Trail_Pilleated_08_LeaFrye-290x300.jpg 290w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/Tower-Trail_Pilleated_08_LeaFrye-768x794.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/Tower-Trail_Pilleated_08_LeaFrye.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 990px) 100vw, 990px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">The male pileated woodpecker excavating the nest, late April. Photo by Lea Frye, <a href="https://www.leaf-images.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Lea.F Images</a>.</figcaption></figure>
</div><p>The post <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2025/05/01/pileated-woodpecker-nest/">Immersed in the spring forest: watching a pileated woodpecker nest</a> appeared first on <a href="https://wildwithnature.com">Wild With Nature</a>.</p>
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		<title>Journey to the pileated woodpeckers: earth connection in a critical time</title>
		<link>https://wildwithnature.com/2025/04/01/journey-to-the-pileated-woodpeckers/</link>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Shane Sater]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 01 Apr 2025 14:28:22 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Birds]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[English-language stories]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Plants]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Water]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Apocynum cannabinum]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Clark Fork River]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Colaptes auratus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Cornus sericea]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Dryocopus pileatus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Melospiza melodia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Oaxaca]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Pluvialis squatarola]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Populus balsamifera]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sphyrapicus nuchalis]]></category>
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					<description><![CDATA[<p>This was going to be a story about pileated woodpeckers. But then historical events intervened, and I couldn&#8217;t ignore them. We’ll get to the woodpeckers, [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2025/04/01/journey-to-the-pileated-woodpeckers/">Journey to the pileated woodpeckers: earth connection in a critical time</a> appeared first on <a href="https://wildwithnature.com">Wild With Nature</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<figure class="wp-block-image size-full is-resized"><a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2025/04/01/viaje-hacia-picamaderos-norteamericanos/"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="706" height="181" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-en-2.jpg" alt="Bilingual nature podcast" class="wp-image-3486" style="width:auto;height:100px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-en-2.jpg 706w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-en-2-300x77.jpg 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 706px) 100vw, 706px" /></a></figure>



<iframe style="border-radius:12px" src="https://open.spotify.com/embed/episode/3euUfFQxT1j8DKe4ru8Jdz?utm_source=generator&#038;t=0" width="100%" height="152" frameBorder="0" allowfullscreen="" allow="autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; fullscreen; picture-in-picture" loading="lazy"></iframe>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/PXL_20250318_184410480-1024x768.jpg" alt="The Arroyo Todos Santos slips past, with Santa María Huatulco and the Cerro Huatulco in the distance." class="wp-image-4903" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/PXL_20250318_184410480-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/PXL_20250318_184410480-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/PXL_20250318_184410480-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/PXL_20250318_184410480.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">The Arroyo Todos Santos slips past, with Santa María Huatulco and the Cerro Huatulco in the distance.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-200 wp-block-paragraph">This was going to be a story about pileated woodpeckers. But then historical events intervened, and I couldn&#8217;t ignore them. We’ll get to the woodpeckers, I promise, but first we’ve got a journey ahead of us…</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-201 wp-block-paragraph">The hot March winds buffet the jet as we thunder skyward, shattering the quiet of the dry tropical forest below and spewing hot gases of ancient sea life. I crane my head and say a silent goodbye to the Huatulco landscape that has become a second home to me. We’ve already rocketed higher than the Cerro Huatulco; the dry course of the Arroyo Todos Santos slips by in an instant and then we’re banking towards the coast, a wide wide turn over the <em>tierra natal </em>of my partner and generations of her family. Goodbye for now, my loved ones, <em>que Dios los cuide.&nbsp;</em></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-202 wp-block-paragraph">Santa María Huatulco is out of sight now, but I left part of my soul in the tiny garden in front of our house, and I know Carito and our family will keep it watered while I’m gone. The tomatoes are still green, but we harvested epazote this morning before we had to go to the airport, and yesterday I planted sugarcane from grandfather Teo in a crate along the street.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Saying goodbye</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="707" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/PXL_20250318_184759329-1024x707.jpg" alt="Low water in Laguna El Zarzal, surrounded by mangroves." class="wp-image-4905" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/PXL_20250318_184759329-1024x707.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/PXL_20250318_184759329-300x207.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/PXL_20250318_184759329-768x531.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/PXL_20250318_184759329.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Low water in the Laguna El Zarzal, surrounded by mangroves.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-203 wp-block-paragraph">Banking, the jet keeps banking, then levels out again, paralleling the coast. The water has dropped even more in the Laguna El Zarzal, where I watched a black-bellied plover (<em>Pluvialis squatarola</em>) on the mudflats in December, within the protective circle of the mangroves. We race over La Crucecita and all of the tourist hotels and sprawl of Bahías de Huatulco, the golf course at Tangolunda, the mouth of the Río Copalita where the collared plovers (<em>Anarynchus collaris</em>) hide in the sand. </p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-204 wp-block-paragraph">We bank again and the landscape keeps shrinking into anonymity as we set course towards Ciudad de México and points north. By the wee hours of the morning, if all goes well, I’ll be in Missoula, Montana. I keep my eyes glued to the window and trace the Río Copalita upstream to Santiago Xanica, where the first oak forests begin and Zapoteco is still a living language, and then I’m lost for a time, without landmarks as we cross the pine forest, mountains and narrow valleys, so many mountains, of the Sierra Sur. Goodbye for now, Santa María Huatulco.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">A critical time</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/PXL_20250318_185302389-1024x768.jpg" alt="Crossing the pine forests of the Sierra Sur." class="wp-image-4906" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/PXL_20250318_185302389-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/PXL_20250318_185302389-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/PXL_20250318_185302389-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/PXL_20250318_185302389.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Crossing the pine forests of the Sierra Sur.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-205 wp-block-paragraph">This is no routine trip. We’re two months into the second Trump presidency in the US, and all of the reports I’ve been seeing make me fear that my country of origin is plunging into a dictatorship. Some of my Republican friends and family members interpret things differently, and still believe that Trump is fighting corruption and has everyone’s best interests at heart. I really wish I could believe that. A few days before my flight, Trump’s police arrested 261 immigrants in the US, accused them of being linked to a violent gang—no evidence, no trial—<a href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/venezuelan-immigrants-sue-trump-over-order-invoking-wartime-alien-enemies-act-of-1798/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">and shipped them to a hell-on-earth prison in El Salvador</a>. When a federal judge ordered them to turn the planes around, they ignored the order. “Oopsie, too late,” posted Nayib Bukele, the dictator of El Salvador.&nbsp;</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-206 wp-block-paragraph">By the time I reach Salt Lake City and am ready to pass through US Immigration and Customs Enforcement, I have a pounding stress headache.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Finding our shared humanity</h3>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-207 wp-block-paragraph">I pass through customs without incident, shielded (so far) from Trump’s terrorism by my white skin and my American passport. A security agent jokes lightheartedly with his companions about DOGE, the informal agency Trump has illegally created without congressional approval through which Elon Musk, the world’s richest person, has been dismantling federal agencies, <a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/alisondurkee/2025/03/13/elon-musk-hit-with-first-formal-conflict-of-interest-complaint-over-faa-starlink-deal/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">favoring his own companies</a>, and <a href="https://www.baldwin.senate.gov/news/press-releases/baldwin-demands-answers-from-social-security-administration-on-musk-and-doges-access-to-personal-information" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">accessing sensitive information about taxpayers</a>. I’m relieved to see the human side of these security agents, relating without aggression to the passengers they’re screening and making jokes in the face of it all. As Trump tries to convert my country into a fascist police state, our shared humanity—immigrants, citizens, police officers—is a vital defense.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-208 wp-block-paragraph">I think of my companions on the flight from Mexico City, an older man from Michoacán who has lived many years in Oregon and his wife from Pinotepa Nacional, Oaxaca, who is visiting the US for the first time ever. It took them three years to get her immigration documents approved. Their courage in crossing the border at this time gives me strength, and I hope they make it through without problems.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">The resistance</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/PXL_20250321_171251405.MP_-1024x768.jpg" alt="Golden currant (Ribes aureum) leaves emerge." class="wp-image-4907" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/PXL_20250321_171251405.MP_-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/PXL_20250321_171251405.MP_-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/PXL_20250321_171251405.MP_-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/PXL_20250321_171251405.MP_.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Golden currant (Ribes aureum) leaves emerge in the garden <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2024/05/01/starlings-urban-ecosystems/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">where I listened to starlings imitate a variety of native birds last spring</a>.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-209 wp-block-paragraph">I arrive in Missoula with a cautious sense of hope. This doesn’t feel like a community defeated by two months of attacks on democracy, humanity, and nature. If anything, I sense that the storm—as Trump and his ultra-rich backers show us the extremes of sick human behavior—is bringing us together. Community is resistance. Kindness to our fellow humans is resistance. Saying no to fascism is resistance. And nurturing a healthy connection with the earth is resistance.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-210 wp-block-paragraph">And so — I connect anew with this Missoula earth and community that I love. I chart my steps forward, to live towards a thriving world connected to nature even as those afflicted with the sickness of greed and power would destroy it. I talk with my partner from the wintry cusp of a Montana spring and feel the tug of mangoes ripening in the hot March winds. And, as I ground my being once again in my relationship with this Missoula earth, I remember the pileated woodpecker family I got to know here last spring…</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">The pileated woodpeckers</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/DSCN6282-1024x768.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-4902" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/DSCN6282-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/DSCN6282-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/DSCN6282-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/DSCN6282.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">The male pileated woodpecker (distinguished by his red &#8220;moustache&#8221; line) excavates in the cottonwood.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-211 wp-block-paragraph">It’s mid-April along the Clark Fork River when I first see the pileated woodpeckers (<em>Dryocopus pileatus</em>). The cottonwoods are flowering and the red-osier dogwoods haven’t leafed out yet. An occasional mourning cloak (<em>Nymphalis antiopa</em>) or Milbert’s tortoiseshell (<em>Aglais milberti</em>) butterfly flutters through the air. The tapping of the male pileated woodpecker is barely noticeable in the cottonwood (<em>Populus balsamifera</em>) the pair has chosen for their nest along the river channel. I watch him for maybe 20 minutes, perching on the outside of the dead snag and tap-tap-tapping on the trunk, periodically tossing out beakfuls of wood chips.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="788" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/DSCN6284-1024x788.jpg" alt="Pulling out wood chips." class="wp-image-4908" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/DSCN6284-1024x788.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/DSCN6284-300x231.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/DSCN6284-768x591.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/DSCN6284.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Pulling out wood chips.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-212 wp-block-paragraph">Finally I hear a <em>kekekekeke</em> call in the distance and he responds. A few minutes later, the same call and response again. And then comes the caller, the female. She lands on the far side of the nest tree. He flies off. She sidles over to the hole and starts the same excavation process. <em>Tap-tap-tap</em>, quietly. <em>Toss toss toss</em>, silently.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-213 wp-block-paragraph">I look up the nest-building process. Three to six weeks in Oregon, <a href="https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pilwoo/cur/introduction" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">reports <em>Birds of the World</em></a>. 23 days in Kentucky. Goodness!</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-214 wp-block-paragraph">Three weeks minimum for a pair of pileated woodpeckers to build a nest. Three weeks beating away at a stubborn dead tree, chipping a hole with a durable bill, constructing a fortress for the nestlings. Talk about dedicated parents.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="991" height="1024" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/DSCN6298-991x1024.jpg" alt="The female pileated excavating (note her black &quot;moustache&quot; line)." class="wp-image-4909" style="width:700px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/DSCN6298-991x1024.jpg 991w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/DSCN6298-290x300.jpg 290w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/DSCN6298-768x794.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/DSCN6298.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 991px) 100vw, 991px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">The female pileated excavating (note her black &#8220;moustache&#8221; line).</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Excavating a home</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/DSCN6335-1024x768.jpg" alt="Excavating deeper." class="wp-image-4910" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/DSCN6335-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/DSCN6335-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/DSCN6335-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/DSCN6335.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Excavating deeper.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-215 wp-block-paragraph">Two days later, I visit the pileated woodpeckers again: a sunny morning after a brief rainstorm in the night. The female is on the outside of the nest tree as I carefully approach, working on the cavity. But I get distracted by the ducks feeding in a riffle along the river—mallards (<em>Anas platyrhynchos</em>), gadwalls (<em>Mareca strepera</em>), and two green-winged teals (<em>Anas crecca</em>). When I turn back, the female is gone.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-216 wp-block-paragraph">Fifteen minutes later, the male flies in, following the river upstream, and begins a long labor of tapping and tossing. The hole is already deeper than the last time I watched him. Still perching on the outside of the trunk, he now has to reach deep for wood chips. Many times I can only see the tips of his tail and wings, poking subtly out of the hole.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/DSCN6351-1024x768.jpg" alt="The male pileated woodpecker continues working on the nest cavity." class="wp-image-4911" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/DSCN6351-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/DSCN6351-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/DSCN6351-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/DSCN6351.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">The male continues excavating.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-217 wp-block-paragraph">He is notably quiet, especially compared to the northern flickers (<em>Colaptes auratus</em>), which I can hear calling every few minutes from the surrounding forest. Finally, through pure luck, I’m able to capture a few of his calls.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Land of the pileated woodpeckers</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="834" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/617446212-1024x834.jpg" alt="The song sparrow." class="wp-image-4912" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/617446212-1024x834.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/617446212-300x244.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/617446212-768x625.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/617446212.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">The song sparrow.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-218 wp-block-paragraph">Sitting here among the cottonwoods and red-osier dogwoods, the other sounds of this landscape gradually seep into my bones. A song sparrow (<em>Melospiza melodia</em>) gives long performances nearby, his melodic song of whistles and trills forming the backbone of the morning soundscape. One of his song perches is among the branches of a red-osier dogwood near the riverbank. Another one is higher, in the canopy of a young cottonwood. In the distance, another song sparrow answers from the far side of the river.&nbsp;</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/PXL_20240413_144126182-1024x768.jpg" alt="The cottonwood gallery forest, with ponderosa pines and red-osier dogwoods." class="wp-image-4913" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/PXL_20240413_144126182-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/PXL_20240413_144126182-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/PXL_20240413_144126182-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/PXL_20240413_144126182.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">The cottonwood gallery forest, with ponderosa pines and red-osier dogwoods.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-219 wp-block-paragraph">The deciduous forest of this floodplain is extensive, an expanse of gray cottonwood trunks towering above an understory of <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2025/03/01/tall-dogbane-fibers/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">tall dogbane (<em>Apocynum cannabinum</em>)</a>, goldenrods (<em>Solidago </em>spp.), and invasive grasses. The cottonwoods might look drab to some eyes in this still-leafless season, but for wildlife habitat they’re incredible, providing food, cover, and nesting cavities. I can hear the signs of this bounty in the mid-April soundscape: the pileated woodpeckers aren’t the only cavity-nesters here. Several northern flickers call and drum periodically. Red-naped sapsuckers (<em>Sphyrapicus nuchalis</em>), recently arrived from their winter range in northern Mexico and the southwestern US, give their slowing-down tapping from dead branches, defending territories across this forest. A group of tree swallows (<em>Tachycineta bicolor</em>) swirls along the river, giving their liquid calls.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">The voice of the pileated woodpeckers</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="829" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/DSCN6350-1024x829.jpg" alt="The nest-building continues." class="wp-image-4914" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/DSCN6350-1024x829.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/DSCN6350-300x243.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/DSCN6350-768x621.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/DSCN6350.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">The nest-building continues.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-220 wp-block-paragraph">The male pileated woodpecker remains quiet most of the time. Once, a northern flicker lands nearby, then thinks better of it. The pileated begins calling forcefully and follows the flicker, warning him off, then returns to his nest tree. Another time, as the song sparrow choruses in the background, he calls without any inspiration that I can see, the powerful <em>kekekekeke</em> that lets the whole forest know a pileated woodpecker is around.&nbsp;</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-221 wp-block-paragraph">Mostly I just hear his quiet tapping, barely audible over the noisy conversation of the river.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Further reading</h3>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-222 wp-block-paragraph">Bull, E.L. and J.A. Jackson. (2020). Pileated woodpecker (<em>Dryocopus pileatus</em>), version 1.0. <em>In</em> Birds of the World (A.F. Poole, editor). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. <a href="https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pilwoo/cur/introduction" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pilwoo/cur/introduction</a></p>
<p>The post <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2025/04/01/journey-to-the-pileated-woodpeckers/">Journey to the pileated woodpeckers: earth connection in a critical time</a> appeared first on <a href="https://wildwithnature.com">Wild With Nature</a>.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
					
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		<item>
		<title>Viaje hacia los picamaderos norteamericanos: encontrando calma bajo estrés</title>
		<link>https://wildwithnature.com/2025/04/01/viaje-hacia-picamaderos-norteamericanos/</link>
					<comments>https://wildwithnature.com/2025/04/01/viaje-hacia-picamaderos-norteamericanos/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Shane Sater]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 01 Apr 2025 14:27:31 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Agua]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Aves]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Historias en español]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Plantas]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Apocynum cannabinum]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Clark Fork River]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Colaptes auratus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Cornus sericea]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Dryocopus pileatus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Melospiza melodia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Oaxaca]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Pluvialis squatarola]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Populus balsamifera]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sphyrapicus nuchalis]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://wildwithnature.com/?p=4917</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Esto iba a ser una narración sobre los picamaderos norteamericanos. Pero entonces intervino una situación histórica, y no pude ignorarla. Vamos a llegar a los [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2025/04/01/viaje-hacia-picamaderos-norteamericanos/">Viaje hacia los picamaderos norteamericanos: encontrando calma bajo estrés</a> appeared first on <a href="https://wildwithnature.com">Wild With Nature</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<figure class="wp-block-image size-full is-resized"><a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2025/04/01/journey-to-the-pileated-woodpeckers/"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="734" height="188" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-es-2.jpg" alt="Podcast bilingüe de la naturaleza" class="wp-image-3489" style="width:auto;height:100px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-es-2.jpg 734w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-es-2-300x77.jpg 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 734px) 100vw, 734px" /></a></figure>



<iframe style="border-radius:12px" src="https://open.spotify.com/embed/episode/6n1AREeWKCBOqq4MBtFg8p?utm_source=generator&#038;t=0" width="100%" height="152" frameBorder="0" allowfullscreen="" allow="autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; fullscreen; picture-in-picture" loading="lazy"></iframe>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/PXL_20250318_184410480-1024x768.jpg" alt="The Arroyo Todos Santos slips past, with Santa María Huatulco and the Cerro Huatulco in the distance." class="wp-image-4903" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/PXL_20250318_184410480-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/PXL_20250318_184410480-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/PXL_20250318_184410480-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/PXL_20250318_184410480.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Pasamos el Arroyo Todos Santos, con Santa María Huatulco y el Cerro Huatulco en la distancia.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-247 wp-block-paragraph">Esto iba a ser una narración sobre los picamaderos norteamericanos. Pero entonces intervino una situación histórica, y no pude ignorarla. Vamos a llegar a los picamaderos, te lo prometo, pero primero tenemos un viaje por delante&#8230;</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-248 wp-block-paragraph">Los vientos calurosos de marzo golpean el avión mientras subimos hacia el cielo, rompiendo la tranquilidad de la selva baja caducifolia por abajo y emitiendo gases calientes de la combustión de organismos marinos ancianos. Mirando hacia afuera, le digo un adiós silente a la tierra huatulqueña que se ha vuelto un segundo hogar para mí. Ya hemos ascendido más arriba del Cerro Huatulco; el lecho seco del Arroyo Todos Santos pasa en un instante y entonces estamos girando hacia la costa, un giro amplio sobre la tierra natal de mi pareja y generaciones de su familia. <em>Adiós por ahora, mis seres queridos, que Dios los cuide.</em></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-249 wp-block-paragraph">Santa María Huatulco ya ha desaparecido de la vista, pero dejé una parte de mi alma en el jardincito frente a la casa. Sé que Carito y nuestra familia lo van a mantener regado en mi ausencia. Los tomates todavía están verdes, pero cortamos epazote esta mañana antes de ir al aeropuerto. Ayer sembré caña del abuelo Teo en un guacal al lado de la calle.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Despedidas</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="707" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/PXL_20250318_184759329-1024x707.jpg" alt="Low water in Laguna El Zarzal, surrounded by mangroves." class="wp-image-4905" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/PXL_20250318_184759329-1024x707.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/PXL_20250318_184759329-300x207.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/PXL_20250318_184759329-768x531.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/PXL_20250318_184759329.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Agua baja en la Laguna El Zarzal, rodeada por mangles.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-250 wp-block-paragraph">Girando, el avión sigue girando, luego se nivela de nuevo, yendo en paralelo a la costa. El agua se ha bajado aún más en la Laguna El Zarzal, donde observé un chorlo gris (<em>Pluvialis squatarola</em>) en el barrizal en diciembre, rodeado por el círculo protector de los mangles. Rápidamente pasamos La Crucecita, todos los hoteles turísticos y la expansión urbana de Bahías de Huatulco, el campo de golf por Tangolunda, la boca del Río Copalita donde los chorlos de collar (<em>Anarynchus collaris</em>) se esconden en la arena. </p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-251 wp-block-paragraph">Giramos de nuevo y la tierra sigue disminuyéndose hacia la anonimidad mientras fijamos el rumbo hacia Ciudad de México y lugares más al norte. Antes de la madrugada, si todo va bien, voy a estar en Missoula, Montana, EU. Sigo mirando a través de la ventana y trazo el curso del Río Copalita aguas arriba hasta Santiago Xanica, donde los primeros bosques de encino empiezan y zapoteco todavía es una lengua viva, y entonces me pierdo por un rato, sin puntos de referencia mientras cruzamos el bosque de pino, las montañas y los valles estrechos, muchísimas montañas, de la Sierra Sur. Adios, Santa María Huatulco.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Un tiempo crucial</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/PXL_20250318_185302389-1024x768.jpg" alt="Crossing the pine forests of the Sierra Sur." class="wp-image-4906" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/PXL_20250318_185302389-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/PXL_20250318_185302389-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/PXL_20250318_185302389-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/PXL_20250318_185302389.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Cruzando los bosques de pino de la Sierra Sur. </figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-252 wp-block-paragraph">Esto no es ningún viaje normal. Ya llevamos dos meses de la segunda presidencia de Trump en Estados Unidos, y todos los reportes que he estado viendo me hacen temer que mi país de origen está cayendo hacia una dictadura. Algunos de mis amigos y familiares republicanos interpretan las cosas diferente y siguen creyendo que Trump está luchando contra la corrupción y tiene los mejores intereses de todos en su corazón. Quisiera poder creerlo. Unos días antes de mi vuelo, la policía de Trump arrestó a 261 migrantes en Estados Unidos, los acusó de estar vinculados a una pandilla violenta—sin evidencias, sin juicio—<a href="https://elpais.com/us/2025-03-17/trump-abre-una-guerra-con-los-tribunales-tras-la-deportacion-de-casi-300-venezolanos-a-el-salvador.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">y los llevó a una cárcel diabólica en El Salvador</a>. Cuando un juez federal les ordenó regresar los aviones, lo ignoraron. “Ups, demasiado tarde,” publicó Nayib Bukele, el dictador de El Salvador. </p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-253 wp-block-paragraph">Al llegar a Salt Lake City y estar listo para pasar por el Servicio de Inmigración y Control de Aduanas de Estados Unidos, tengo un dolor de cabeza horrible por el estrés.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Buscando nuestra humanidad compartida</h3>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-254 wp-block-paragraph">Paso por la inmigración sin incidente, protegido (hasta ahora) del terrorismo de Trump por mi piel blanca y mi pasaporte estadounidense. Un agente de seguridad bromea con sus compañeros sobre DOGE, la entidad informal que Trump creó ilegalmente sin la aprobación del Congreso a través de la cual Elon Musk, la persona más rica del mundo, ha estado derrumbando servicios federales, <a href="https://elpais.com/internacional/2025-02-12/elon-musk-sortea-los-conflictos-de-intereses-mientras-empieza-a-beneficiarse-de-los-recortes-impulsados-por-trump.html#?rel=mas" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">favoreciendo sus propias empresas</a> y <a href="https://forbes.com.mx/jueza-impide-a-musk-acceso-a-datos-personales-de-la-seguridad-social-en-eu/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">ganando acceso a información sensible sobre las cuentas bancarias e historia de salud de los ciudadanos estadounidenses</a>. Me alivia ver el lado humano de estos agentes de seguridad, interactuando con los pasajeros sin agresión y bromeando frente a la situación dura. Mientras Trump intenta convertir a mi país en un estado policial fascista, nuestra humanidad compartida—migrantes, ciudadanos, policías—es una defensa crucial.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-255 wp-block-paragraph">Pienso en mis compañeros en el vuelo de la Ciudad de México, un hombre mayor de Michoacán que lleva varios años viviendo en Oregón y su esposa de Pinotepa Nacional, Oaxaca, que está visitando Estados Unidos por la primera vez. Tuvieron que esperar tres años para obtener su permiso migratorio. Su valentía en cruzar la frontera en este tiempo me fortaleza, y espero que hayan pasado sin problemas.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">La resistencia</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/PXL_20250321_171251405.MP_-1024x768.jpg" alt="Golden currant (Ribes aureum) leaves emerge." class="wp-image-4907" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/PXL_20250321_171251405.MP_-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/PXL_20250321_171251405.MP_-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/PXL_20250321_171251405.MP_-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/PXL_20250321_171251405.MP_.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Las hojas de una grosella dorada (Ribes aureum) brotan en el jardín <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2024/05/01/estorninos-pintos-ecosistemas-urbanos/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">donde escuché a los estorninos pintos imitar una variedad de aves nativas la primavera pasada.</a></figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-256 wp-block-paragraph">Llego a Missoula con un sentido cauteloso de esperanza. No da la impresión de una comunidad vencida por dos meses de ataques contra la democracia, la humanidad y la naturaleza. Al contrario, percibo que la tormenta—mientras Trump y sus aliados ultrarricos nos muestran los extremos del comportamiento humano pervertido—nos está uniendo. La comunidad es la resistencia. Los actos de amabilidad a nuestros prójimos son la resistencia. Decir no al fascismo es la resistencia. Y cuidar una conexión sana con la tierra es la resistencia.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-257 wp-block-paragraph">Y así — me conecto de nuevo con esta tierra y comunidad missoulienses que amo. Visualizo mis siguientes pasos para vivir hacia un mundo floreciente, conectado con la naturaleza, aunque los que están afligidos con la enfermedad de la codicia y el poder lo quisieran destrozar. Hablo con mi pareja desde la orilla helada de la primavera montanense y siento el llamado de los mangos madurando en los vientos calurosos de marzo. Y mientras arraigo mi ser de nuevo en mi relación con esta tierra montanense, recuerdo la familia de picamaderos norteamericanos que conocí aquí la primavera pasada&#8230;</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Los picamaderos norteamericanos</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/DSCN6282-1024x768.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-4902" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/DSCN6282-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/DSCN6282-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/DSCN6282-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/DSCN6282.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">El picamaderos norteamericano macho (distinguido por su línea roja &#8220;de bigote&#8221;) excava un hueco en el álamo. </figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-258 wp-block-paragraph">Primero conozco a la pareja de picamaderos norteamericanos (<em>Dryocopus pileatus</em>) al lado del Río Clark Fork a mediados de abril. Los álamos negros (<em>Populus balsamifera</em>) están floreando. Las hojas de los cornejos colorados (<em>Cornus sericea</em>) todavía no han emergido. De vez en cuando una mariposa velo de duelo (<em>Nymphalis antiopa</em>) o una mariposa de Milbert (<em>Aglais milberti</em>) pasa aleteando. El golpeteo del picamaderos norteamericano macho apenas se nota en el álamo negro que la pareja ha escogido para construir su nido al lado del cauce del río. Lo observo por unos 20 minutos, posándose vertical en el tronco muerto y golpeteándolo, pausando regularmente para sacar bocados de astillas.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="788" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/DSCN6284-1024x788.jpg" alt="Pulling out wood chips." class="wp-image-4908" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/DSCN6284-1024x788.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/DSCN6284-300x231.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/DSCN6284-768x591.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/DSCN6284.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Sacando astillas.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-259 wp-block-paragraph">Finalmente escucho una llamada <em>quiquiquiquiquí </em>en la distancia y él le responde. Unos minutos después, se repite la misma llamada y respuesta. Y entonces la hembra llega, aterrizando al lado lejano del tronco. Él se echa a volar. Ella se acerca al hueco y comienza de nuevo con el proceso de excavación. Golpetea la madera sin hacer mucho ruido. Tira las astillas en silencio.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-260 wp-block-paragraph">Investigo sobre el proceso de excavar un nido. Suele durar de tres a seis semanas en Oregón, <a href="https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pilwoo/cur/introduction" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">según <em>Birds of the World</em></a>. 23 días en Kentucky. ¡Órale!</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-261 wp-block-paragraph">Mínimo tres semanas para que una pareja de picamaderos norteamericanos construya su nido. Tres semanas golpeando un árbol muerto obstinado, cortando un hueco con sus picos fuertes, construyendo una fortaleza para las crías. Pienso en qué tan dedicados son estos padres.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="991" height="1024" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/DSCN6298-991x1024.jpg" alt="The female pileated excavating (note her black &quot;moustache&quot; line)." class="wp-image-4909" style="width:700px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/DSCN6298-991x1024.jpg 991w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/DSCN6298-290x300.jpg 290w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/DSCN6298-768x794.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/DSCN6298.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 991px) 100vw, 991px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">La hembra del picamaderos norteamericano excava el nido (nota que la línea de su &#8220;bigote&#8221; es negra). </figcaption></figure>
</div>


<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Excavando un hogar</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/DSCN6335-1024x768.jpg" alt="Excavating deeper." class="wp-image-4910" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/DSCN6335-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/DSCN6335-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/DSCN6335-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/DSCN6335.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Excavando más profundamente.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-262 wp-block-paragraph">Dos días después, vuelvo a visitar a los picamaderos norteamericanos. Es una mañana soleada después de un chubasco breve en la noche. La hembra está perchada afuera por el tronco, trabajando el hueco, mientras me acerco con cuidado. Pero me distraen unos patos que están alimentándose en un tramo ondulado del río—patos de collar (<em>Anas platyrhynchos</em>), patos frisos (<em>Mareca strepera</em>) y dos cercetas alas verdes (<em>Anas crecca</em>). Cuando vuelvo a checar el tronco, la hembra ha desaparecido.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-263 wp-block-paragraph">Quince minutos después, el macho llega, siguiendo el río aguas arriba. Comienza una labor larga de golpetear y tirar astillas. Ya el hueco está mucho más profundo que la vez pasada. Él todavía está excavando desde afuera, pero ya tiene que agacharse mucho para sacar astillas. Muchas veces sólo puedo ver las puntas de sus alas y cola, apenas sobresaliendo del hueco.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/DSCN6351-1024x768.jpg" alt="The male pileated woodpecker continues working on the nest cavity." class="wp-image-4911" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/DSCN6351-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/DSCN6351-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/DSCN6351-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/DSCN6351.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">El macho sigue excavando.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-264 wp-block-paragraph">Está notablemente callado, especialmente en comparación con los carpinteros de pechera comunes (<em>Colaptes auratus</em>), los cuales puedo escuchar cada par de minutos desde el bosque alrededor. Finalmente, por pura suerte, logro grabar unas llamadas del picamaderos. </p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">La tierra de los picamaderos norteamericanos</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="834" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/617446212-1024x834.jpg" alt="The song sparrow." class="wp-image-4912" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/617446212-1024x834.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/617446212-300x244.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/617446212-768x625.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/617446212.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">El gorrión cantor.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-265 wp-block-paragraph">Sentándome aquí entre los álamos negros y cornejos colorados, los otros sonidos de esta tierra se filtran poco a poco hacia mis huesos. Un gorrión cantor (<em>Melospiza melodia</em>) da interpretaciones largas cerca de mí, su canto melodioso formando el estribillo del paisaje de sonidos mañanero. Una de sus perchas está entre las ramas de un cornejo colorado en la orilla del río. Otra está más alto, en el dosel de un álamo joven. En la distancia, otro gorrión cantor contesta desde el otro lado del río.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/PXL_20240413_144126182-1024x768.jpg" alt="The cottonwood gallery forest, with ponderosa pines and red-osier dogwoods." class="wp-image-4913" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/PXL_20240413_144126182-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/PXL_20240413_144126182-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/PXL_20240413_144126182-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/PXL_20240413_144126182.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">El bosque de galería de álamo negro, con pinos ponderosa (Pinus ponderosa) y cornejos colorados. </figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-266 wp-block-paragraph">El bosque caducifolio de esta zona inundable es extenso, un paisaje pintado por los troncos grises de los álamos que ascienden sobre una capa baja de <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2025/03/01/canamo-americano-apocynum-cannabinum/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">cáñamo americano (<em>Apocynum cannabinum</em>)</a>, varas de oro (<em>Solidago </em>spp.) y gramíneas invasoras. Para algunas personas los álamos podrían resultar aburridos en esta temporada sin hojas, pero para el hábitat de la vida silvestre son árboles increíbles, aportando alimento, abrigo y cavidades para la anidación.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-267 wp-block-paragraph">Puedo escuchar las señales de esta abundancia en la banda sonora de abril: los picamaderos norteamericanos no son las únicas aves que utilizan cavidades acá. Varios carpinteros de pechera comunes llaman y tamborilean de vez en cuando. Los carpinteros nuca roja (<em>Sphyrapicus nuchalis</em>), recién llegados de sus tierras invernales en el norte de México y el suroeste de Estados Unidos, dan sus tamborileos desacelerados desde ramas secas, defendiendo territorios a lo largo de este bosque. Una parvada de golondrinas bicolores (<em>Tachycineta bicolor</em>) se arremolina por el río, dando sus llamadas líquidas.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">La voz de los picamaderos norteamericanos</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="829" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/DSCN6350-1024x829.jpg" alt="The nest-building continues." class="wp-image-4914" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/DSCN6350-1024x829.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/DSCN6350-300x243.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/DSCN6350-768x621.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/DSCN6350.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">La construcción del nido prosigue.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-268 wp-block-paragraph">El picamaderos norteamericano macho sigue excavando, generalmente en silencio. Una vez, un carpintero de pechera común aterriza cerca. Inmediatamente decide mejor no quedarse. El picamaderos empieza a llamar fuerte y sigue al carpintero, advirtiéndole que no piense en regresar. Después, el picamaderos vuelve al árbol del nido. Otra vez, mientras el gorrión cantor da su estribillo en el fondo, el picamaderos llama sin ninguna inspiración visible, el <em>quiquiquiquiquí</em> poderoso que avisa al bosque entero que un picamaderos está por aquí.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-269 wp-block-paragraph">Pero por lo general sólo escucho su golpeteo quieto, apenas audible sobre la conversación ruidosa del río.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Leer más</h3>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-270 wp-block-paragraph">Bull, E.L. y J.A. Jackson. (2020). Pileated woodpecker (<em>Dryocopus pileatus</em>), versión 1.0. <em>En</em> Birds of the World (A.F. Poole, editor). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, EU. <a href="https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pilwoo/cur/introduction" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pilwoo/cur/introduction</a></p>
<p>The post <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2025/04/01/viaje-hacia-picamaderos-norteamericanos/">Viaje hacia los picamaderos norteamericanos: encontrando calma bajo estrés</a> appeared first on <a href="https://wildwithnature.com">Wild With Nature</a>.</p>
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		<title>Las golondrinas bicolores de Montana: revirtiendo un declive</title>
		<link>https://wildwithnature.com/2024/06/01/golondrinas-bicolores-montana/</link>
					<comments>https://wildwithnature.com/2024/06/01/golondrinas-bicolores-montana/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Shane Sater]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 01 Jun 2024 23:07:59 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Agua]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Aves]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Historias en español]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Insectos]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[black cottonwood]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[cantos de aves]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[cottonwood]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Missouri River]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[plains cottonwood]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Populus balsamifera]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Populus deltoides]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Tachycineta bicolor]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Tachycineta thalassina]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Troglodytes aedon]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://wildwithnature.com/?p=4180</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Las cajas nido aún no han estado montadas por más de cinco minutos, y ya una nube de golondrinas bicolores (Tachycineta bicolor) está girando por [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2024/06/01/golondrinas-bicolores-montana/">Las golondrinas bicolores de Montana: revirtiendo un declive</a> appeared first on <a href="https://wildwithnature.com">Wild With Nature</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<figure class="wp-block-image size-full is-resized"><a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2024/06/01/tree-swallows-montana/"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="734" height="188" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-es-2.jpg" alt="Podcast bilingüe de la naturaleza" class="wp-image-3489" style="width:auto;height:100px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-es-2.jpg 734w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-es-2-300x77.jpg 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 734px) 100vw, 734px" /></a></figure>



<iframe style="border-radius:12px" src="https://open.spotify.com/embed/episode/4k678l3SSSNMUU3at6hVuO?utm_source=generator&#038;t=0" width="100%" height="152" frameBorder="0" allowfullscreen="" allow="autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; fullscreen; picture-in-picture" loading="lazy"></iframe>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/DSCN2005-1024x768.jpg" alt="A female tree swallow visits a nest box along the Missouri River." class="wp-image-4135" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/DSCN2005-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/DSCN2005-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/DSCN2005-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/DSCN2005.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Una golondrina bicolor hembra visita una caja nido al lado del Río Misuri.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Las cajas nido aún no han estado montadas por más de cinco minutos, y ya una nube de golondrinas bicolores (<em>Tachycineta bicolor</em>) está girando por ellas. Una hembra con la espalda gris aterriza en la entrada de la caja más cerca de nosotros, su parloteo líquido mezclándose con el staccato de los tiranos pálidos (<em>Tyrannus verticalis</em>) en los cables de luz por arriba. Más allá de ella, dos más golondrinas bicolores están investigando otra caja nido.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Las golondrinas bicolores anidan en cavidades, típicamente escogiendo huecos construidos y luego abandonados por carpinteros en álamos viejos y otros árboles grandes para criar sus polluelos. También usan cajas nido fácilmente como un sustituto razonable. Pero definitivamente no anticipábamos que llegaran tan pronto. </p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Esta respuesta instantánea es inmensamente gratificante. Pero también nos sugiere que las aves de este sitio hayan sido limitadas por una falta de lugares donde anidar.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">“Aparentemente sí hay una limitación de cavidades aquí,” dice Megan Fylling.&nbsp;</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Hábitat reproductivo para golondrinas en declive</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PXL_20230511_164536025-1024x768.jpg" alt="Installing nest boxes along the Missouri River below Holter Dam. From left to right, Mary Venegas, Robin Kockler, Brian Balmer, Megan Fylling, and Tricia Rodriguez." class="wp-image-4136" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PXL_20230511_164536025-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PXL_20230511_164536025-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PXL_20230511_164536025-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PXL_20230511_164536025.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Instalando cajas nidos al lado del Río Misuri bajo Holter Dam. De la izquierda a la derecha, Mary Venegas, Robin Kockler, Brian Balmer, Megan Fylling y Tricia Rodríguez.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Megan trabaja como Directora de Investigación y Ecóloga Aviaria para el Laboratorio de Ecología Aviaria de la Universidad de Montana (UMBEL, por sus siglas en inglés). Es la segunda semana en mayo de 2023. Esta mañana estoy con ella y cinco otros investigadores de la vida silvestre, instalando postes de metal y cajas nido de tuya. El proyecto es una colaboración entre UMBEL y el Servicio de Peces y Vida Silvestre de Estados Unidos, con financiación de NorthWestern Energy. Es un esfuerzo para crear hábitat para golondrinas bicolores donde estas aves están en declive—y de aprender lo que nos puedan enseñar sobre los lugares donde viven.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/DSCN2000-1024x768.jpg" alt="A tree swallow checks out one of the new nest boxes below Holter Dam." class="wp-image-4137" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/DSCN2000-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/DSCN2000-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/DSCN2000-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/DSCN2000.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Una golondrina bicolor hembra investiga una de las nuevas caja nido bajo de Holter Dam.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Acabamos de instalar 10 nuevas cajas nido al lado de las aguas intensamente pescadas bajo la presa Holter Dam en el estado de Montana, Estados Unidos, donde el Río Misuri corta un cañón entre las rocas rojas de las Montañas Big Belt, entre las ciudades de Helena y Great Falls. Hay algo muy inspirante en observar estas aves elegantes y atléticas investigando sus nuevos hogares aquí. Y verlas tan pronto es una sorpresa masiva. Es más típico que no se establezcan en nuevas cajas hasta uno o dos años después de su instalación, dice Brian Balmer. Brian, un biólogo con el Servicio de Peces y Vida Silvestre, va a estar manejando mucho del monitoreo para investigar cómo las golondrinas bicolores responden a estos nuevos sitios de anidación.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Esperando a las golondrinas bicolores</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PXL_20230511_143421911-1024x768.jpg" alt="Mary Venegas (left) and Robin Kockler (right) attach a nest box to a metal post at our first site of the morning." class="wp-image-4138" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PXL_20230511_143421911-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PXL_20230511_143421911-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PXL_20230511_143421911-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PXL_20230511_143421911.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Mary Venegas (a la izquierda) y Robin Kockler (a la derecha) ponen una caja nido sobre un poste en nuestro primer sitio de la mañana.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">No había habido tal satisfacción inmediata de ver las golondrinas llegar en nuestro primer sitio de la mañana. Ahí, 26 kilómetros aguas arriba, nuestro trabajo era un asunto de la fe. Ningunas golondrinas bicolores aparecieron mientras martilleamos los postes de metal en la tierra rocosa y poco profunda sobre el río, donde consueldas (<em>Delphinium </em>sp.) florecían y ayarines (<em>Pseudotsuga menziesii</em>) agarraban las laderas. Las golondrinas aún no habían llegado mientras pusimos las cajas nido sobre los últimos postes en esa serie de diez, en una cresta rocosa arriba del río.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Pero mientras miramos sobre las aguas de verde grisáceo del Río Misuri y el amargo olor herbario de la artemisa (<em>Artemisia tridentata</em>) flotaba por la mañana gris y neblinosa, parecía el tipo de lugar donde las golondrinas bicolores pudieran asentarse. </p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">“Tengo un buen presentimiento sobre estas cajas,” dijo Tricia Rodríguez, la Gerente de Proyectos de UMBEL.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Golondrinas bicolores y declives de población</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/579764941-1024x768.jpg" alt="A male tree swallow perches along a fence in western Montana." class="wp-image-4139" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/579764941-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/579764941-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/579764941-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/579764941.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Una golondrina bicolor macho se percha en una cerca en la parte occidental de Montana.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Las golondrinas bicolores son aves reproductivas familiares a través de una gran parte de Norteamérica, tanto en casa en el calor intenso del verano en medio de California como en un julio más templado en Maine. Volando rápidamente por el aire, destellando sus espaldas azules lustrosas, tuercen y giran mientras cazan los insectos aéreos en pleno vuelo. Sin embargo, aunque son comunes y ampliamente distribuidas, sus números han estado en declive. Análisis de los datos del proyecto de Monitoreo de Aves Reproductivas (Breeding Bird Survey, en inglés) desde mediados de los 1960 indican declives especialmente notables en las partes norteñas y orientales de la distribución reproductiva.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Por el Río Misuri en Montana, observaciones más locales de las aves reproductivas también han mostrado declives preocupantes en las golondrinas bicolores. Un proyecto de monitoreo sistemático de aves cantoras desde 2004 hasta 2021, también financiado por NorthWestern Energy y manejado por Anna Noson, una investigadora con UMBEL, indican una pérdida de aproximadamente el 25% de las golondrinas bicolores que anidan por el río—una tendencia alarmante a la baja.&nbsp;</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Álamos cruciales</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="823" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/DSCN2545-1024x823.jpg" alt="An aging cottonwood along the Missouri River, near Cascade, Montana." class="wp-image-4140" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/DSCN2545-1024x823.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/DSCN2545-300x241.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/DSCN2545-768x617.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/DSCN2545.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">An aging cottonwood along the Missouri River, near Cascade, Montana.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">¿Por qué? Aunque las causas exactas siguen siendo desconocidas, es probable que cambios en el hábitat por el río hayan tenido un papel. Los álamos (<em>Populus</em> spp.) por las orillas—que aportan cavidades de anidación para las golondrinas bicolores además de un hábitat crucial para muchas aves más—también están en declive. Dos tercios de los parches de álamos en esta área del Río Misuri tienen por lo menos 50 años. </p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Los álamos son árboles que no suelen vivir muchos años. Por el Río Misuri, están envejeciendo, y relativamente pocos jóvenes han podido establecerse. Las presas han limitado las inundaciones que antes proveían a los alamocitos de un semillero donde crecer. Mientras tanto, casas y granjas han traspasado al terreno inundable una vez impredecible del río. Es un conjunto de cambios que parecen estar impactando a muchas de las aves del río, que dependen de estos árboles importantes para aportarles alimento (piensa en los insectos), abrigo y sitios para anidar.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="771" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/yewa-1024x771.jpg" alt="A male yellow warbler perches in a young cottonwood, carrying an insect larva to his nearby nest." class="wp-image-4141" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/yewa-1024x771.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/yewa-300x226.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/yewa-768x579.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/yewa.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Un chipe amarillo macho se percha en un álamo joven, llevando la larva de un insecto a su nido cercano.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Las cajas nido no pueden reemplazar los árboles ausentes. A diferencia de los álamos, los postes de metal y tablas de tuya no acogen <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2023/03/24/montana-plantas-nativas-para-aves/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">las orugas que los chipes amarillos (<em>Setophaga petechia</em>) y varias otras aves consumen</a>, por ejemplo. Pero por complementar las cavidades típicamente presentes en los álamos maduros, las cajas nido <em>sí</em> pueden ayudar a abordar la pérdida de las golondrinas bicolores. Es por eso que es especialmente emocionante ver a las golondrinas investigando las cajas por Holter Dam tan pronto, sólo minutos después de que las hemos puesto.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Las golondrinas bicolores como centinelas</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="855" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/DSCN2004-1024x855.jpg" alt="A female tree swallow at one of the nest boxes below Holter Dam." class="wp-image-4142" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/DSCN2004-1024x855.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/DSCN2004-300x251.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/DSCN2004-768x641.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/DSCN2004.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Una golondrina bicolor hembra visita una de las cajas nido bajo de Holter Dam.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">“Me fascina tanto qué tan rápidamente estas aves entraron en esas cajas,” dice Bridger Creel, que trabaja para UMBEL y está estudiando su doctorado. Su trabajo se enfoca en las aves cantoras y los contaminantes metálicos más al oeste, sobre una sierra, por el Río Clark Fork. [edit: 9:30]</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/tres-feeding-1024x768.jpg" alt="A vibrant blue adult male tree swallow feeds a grayish juvenile invertebrates near Helena, Montana." class="wp-image-4143" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/tres-feeding-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/tres-feeding-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/tres-feeding-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/tres-feeding.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Un macho de la golondrina bicolor, su espalda azul vibrante, le alimenta a un joven gris con invertebrados cerca de Helena, Montana.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Investigaciones de las golondrinas bicolores como ésta no sólo están proveyendo a un insectívoro en declive de hábitat. Acá y por otras partes, también pueden enseñarnos lecciones importantes sobre el ambiente circundante. Durante la estación reproductiva, las golondrinas bicolores suelen forrajear cerca de sus nidos, típicamente dentro de 500 metros. Su dieta local—compuesta de insectos aéreos como jejenes, cachipollas y libélulas—significa que las golondrinas bicolores pueden ser centinelas por la salud del paisaje. Si las golondrinas están prosperando y produciendo nidadas grandes y sanas, pues es probable que la red alimenticia de la que dependen esté prosperando también.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Además, por tomar pequeñas muestras de sangre mientras que estén poniéndoles anillos a las golondrinas, los investigadores pueden vigilar por la presencia de toxinas ambientales que pudieran pasar desapercibidas—evitando sorpresas feas e inesperadas que pudieran arriesgar la salud de la vida silvestre y de la gente. Por la salud de nuestros ríos, las golondrinas bicolores son como los canarios en la mina. Pero a diferencia del dicho trillado del canario en su jaula, las golondrinas bicolores viven libres y ligeras, girando y planeando por el aire en una carrera rápida por insectos que ningún humano puede igualar.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Cajas nido, golondrinas bicolores y álamos en declive</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PXL_20230511_180234053-1024x768.jpg" alt="Brian Balmer installs another nest box, overlooking the reservoir above Holter Dam." class="wp-image-4144" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PXL_20230511_180234053-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PXL_20230511_180234053-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PXL_20230511_180234053-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PXL_20230511_180234053.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Brian Balmer instala otra caja nido arriba del embalse represado por Holter Dam. Nota los álamos escasos detrás de él a la derecha, en la orilla del embalse. </figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Nuestra última parada del día está por una ladera cubierta en zumaque (<em>Rhus trilobata</em>), pasto espiguilla (<em>Bromus tectorum</em>) y lupinus (<em>Lupinus </em>spp.) que mira hacia el oeste sobre el embalse que represa Holter Dam. Unos rascadores moteados (<em>Pipilo maculatus</em>) maúllan mientras instalamos 10 cajas nido más. Nos detenemos para recoger las latas de cervezas y botellas de agua descartadas que salpican la ladera. Miramos por arriba y vemos un gavilán pecho canela (<em>Accipiter striatus</em>) que está dando vueltas por el cielo. En el embalse por abajo, un colimbo común (<em>Gavia immer</em>) se zambulle más allá de un parche escaso de álamos que están envejeciendo. Los árboles están apretados entre un campamento y el embalse.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/tres_BentonLake-1024x768.jpg" alt="A tree swallow perches on a fence near Great Falls, Montana." class="wp-image-4145" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/tres_BentonLake-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/tres_BentonLake-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/tres_BentonLake-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/tres_BentonLake.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Una golondrina bicolor se percha en una valla cerca de Great Falls, Montana.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">El dilema de los álamos queda: un hábitat en declive que mantiene una diversidad extraordinaria pero vulnerable de aves a lo largo del occidente árido de Norteamérica. Pero hoy, tengo esperanza. Esta mañana, instalamos 30 cajas nido cerca del río, dándoles hogares a las aves que anidan en cavidades donde ningunos hogares existían antes. Y en los años que vienen, este equipo de biólogos va a estar vigilando estas aves, aprendiendo lo que estas centinelas del río tienen que enseñarnos.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Mientras subimos a la camioneta y empezamos a irnos, veo que una golondrina bicolor está dando vueltas sobre la ladera, donde una nueva caja nido mira hacia el río represado. Espero que vaya a quedarse por el verano, que vaya a prosperar.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Una actualización: las golondrinas bicolores en 2023</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PXL_20230511_143823064-1024x768.jpg" alt="The rocky sagebrush site where two pairs of violet-green swallows and two pairs of tree swallows nested in 2023." class="wp-image-4148" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PXL_20230511_143823064-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PXL_20230511_143823064-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PXL_20230511_143823064-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PXL_20230511_143823064.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">El sitio rocoso con artemisa donde dos pares de golondrinas verdemar y dos pares de golondrinas bicolores anidaron en 2023. </figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Ya saltemos un año, hacia la primavera de 2024. Otra vez las golondrinas bicolores han regresado a Montana, y otra temporada reproductiva está a punto de iniciarse. En mayo y junio del año pasado, el equipo de investigadores instaló 100 cajas nido cerca del Río Misuri, agrupadas en sitios con 10 cajas cada uno. Y aunque se instalaron las cajas relativamente tarde, cuando la estación reproductiva ya había comenzado, sin embargo había aves que usaron 29 de ellas.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="913" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/vgsw-1024x913.jpg" alt="A violet-green swallow near Helena, Montana." class="wp-image-4149" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/vgsw-1024x913.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/vgsw-300x268.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/vgsw-768x685.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/vgsw.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Una golondrina verdemar se percha en la ramita de un pino ponderosa cerca de Helena, Montana.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">En algunos sitios, la respuesta de las aves era especialmente impresionante—y no sólo eran las golondrinas bicolores. En el primer sitio que visité con los investigadores, donde martilleamos los postes de metal en una ladera rocosa con artemisa, las golondrinas bicolores usaron dos cajas nido y las golondrinas verdemar (<em>Tachycineta thalassina</em>) usaron dos más. Por Holter Dam, donde miramos a las aves investigar las cajas dentro de unos minutos, había puras golondrinas bicolores. Hasta en ese primer año, ocuparon seis de las diez cajas. Después de que los seis polluelos en uno de los nidos echaron plumas, los adultos volvieron a anidar y pusieron cinco huevos más en la misma caja nido.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Mientras tanto, por la ladera seca arriba del embalse, donde los rascadores moteados maullaban, la comunidad de las cajas nido era una mezcla de golondrinas bicolores y saltaparedes comunes (<em>Troglodytes aedon</em>). Extraordinariamente, entre las dos especies, construyeron nidos en nueve de las diez cajas. </p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Las golondrinas bicolores en los años que vienen</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PXL_20230511_162734141-1024x768.jpg" alt="Tricia Rodriguez (left) and Mary Venegas (right) install a nest box at Holter Dam." class="wp-image-4150" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PXL_20230511_162734141-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PXL_20230511_162734141-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PXL_20230511_162734141-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PXL_20230511_162734141.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Tricia Rodríguez (a la izquierda) y Mary Venegas (a la derecha) instalan Nido No. 32 por Holter Dam en 2023.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">En el informe sobre la estación de 2023 que los investigadores me compartieron, escribieron: &#8220;Las relativamente inmediatas tasas altas de ocupación en algunos sitios por el Upper Missouri River sorprendieron hasta a nuestros ecólogos aviarios más experimentados&#8230; prevemos un aumento en la tasa de ocupación en el 2024.&#8221;</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="855" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/DSCN7018-1024x855.jpg" alt="La pareja de golondrinas bicolores se percha sobre el Nido No. 32 in mayo de 2024." class="wp-image-4302" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/DSCN7018-1024x855.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/DSCN7018-300x251.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/DSCN7018-768x641.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/DSCN7018.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">La pareja de golondrinas bicolores se percha sobre el Nido No. 32 in mayo de 2024.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Vuelvo el 20 de mayo de 2024 a checar las cajas nido aguas abajo de Holter Dam. Pauso bajo los cables de electricidad y observo una pareja de golondrinas bicolores que parecen haber tomado posesión del Nido No. 32. Los dos están perchados encima de la caja, vocalizando frecuentemente sobre el zumbido de la presa. Dentro de unos minutos, los veo copular cinco veces. Cuando otra hembra empieza a dar vueltas cerca, claramente interesada en su caja nido, intensifican sus píos. La hembra que está defendiendo el nido vuela a la entrada, protegiéndola de la usurpadora aspirante.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Cada caja nido a la vista tiene por lo menos dos golondrinas perchadas sobre ella o cerca. Una nube de cinco golondrinas están volando sobre el Nido No. 31, metidas en una discusión inconclusa sobre quién va a poder anidar aquí. Mientras tanto, por el Nido No. 35, otra pareja está perchada amigablemente juntos. Si cierras los ojos y escuchas, puedes encontrar música aquí: un coro de píos líquidos, un ajetreo de actividad que no existía hasta la pasada primavera. La pareja por el Nido No. 32 sigue llamando. En mis oídos, suena como si están diciendo &#8220;gracias.&#8221;</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Lee más</h3>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-272 wp-block-paragraph"><em>Más aguas abajo por el Río Misuri, entre Fort Benton y Judith Landing, un proyecto dirigido por Friends of the Missouri Breaks Monument ha estado intentando mitigar los declives de los álamos por plantar álamos jóvenes </em>(Populus deltoides)<em>. Puedes leer un informe de 2019 sobre ese proyecto <a href="https://northwesternenergy.com/docs/default-source/default-document-library/clean-energy/environmental-projects/missouri-madison-hydro-project/missouri-madison-wildlife-programs/2019-7-missouri-river-cottonwood-planting-report.pdf">aquí</a>.</em></p>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="903" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/DSCN7011-1024x903.jpg" alt="Golondrinas bicolores disputan la tenencia del Nido No. 31 en mayo de 2024." class="wp-image-4301" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/DSCN7011-1024x903.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/DSCN7011-300x265.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/DSCN7011-768x677.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/DSCN7011.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Golondrinas bicolores disputan la tenencia del Nido No. 31 en mayo de 2024.</figcaption></figure>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="878" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/DSCN7021-1024x878.jpg" alt="Una pareja de golondrinas bicolores se percha sobre una caja nido arriba de Holter Dam." class="wp-image-4303" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/DSCN7021-1024x878.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/DSCN7021-300x257.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/DSCN7021-768x659.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/DSCN7021.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Una pareja de golondrinas bicolores se percha sobre una caja nido arriba de Holter Dam.</figcaption></figure>
<p>The post <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2024/06/01/golondrinas-bicolores-montana/">Las golondrinas bicolores de Montana: revirtiendo un declive</a> appeared first on <a href="https://wildwithnature.com">Wild With Nature</a>.</p>
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		<title>A hopeful sign for a bird in decline: helping Montana&#8217;s tree swallows</title>
		<link>https://wildwithnature.com/2024/06/01/tree-swallows-montana/</link>
					<comments>https://wildwithnature.com/2024/06/01/tree-swallows-montana/#comments</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Shane Sater]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 01 Jun 2024 23:07:22 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Birds]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[English-language stories]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Insects]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Water]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[birdsong]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[black cottonwood]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[cottonwood]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Missouri River]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[plains cottonwood]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Populus balsamifera]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Populus deltoides]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Tachycineta bicolor]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Tachycineta thalassina]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Troglodytes aedon]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://wildwithnature.com/?p=3138</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>The nest boxes haven’t been up for five minutes, and already a small cloud of tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) is swirling around them. A dusky, [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2024/06/01/tree-swallows-montana/">A hopeful sign for a bird in decline: helping Montana&#8217;s tree swallows</a> appeared first on <a href="https://wildwithnature.com">Wild With Nature</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<figure class="wp-block-image size-full is-resized"><a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2024/06/01/golondrinas-bicolores-montana/"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="706" height="181" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-en-2.jpg" alt="Bilingual nature podcast" class="wp-image-3486" style="width:auto;height:100px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-en-2.jpg 706w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-en-2-300x77.jpg 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 706px) 100vw, 706px" /></a></figure>



<iframe style="border-radius:12px" src="https://open.spotify.com/embed/episode/1p3Gl3xt04R1fUT4V2AMjb?utm_source=generator&#038;t=0" width="100%" height="152" frameBorder="0" allowfullscreen="" allow="autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; fullscreen; picture-in-picture" loading="lazy"></iframe>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/DSCN2005-1024x768.jpg" alt="A female tree swallow visits a nest box along the Missouri River." class="wp-image-4135" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/DSCN2005-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/DSCN2005-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/DSCN2005-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/DSCN2005.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A female tree swallow visits a nest box along the Missouri River.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">The nest boxes haven’t been up for five minutes, and already a small cloud of tree swallows (<em>Tachycineta bicolor</em>) is swirling around them. A dusky, gray-backed female lands at the entrance of the box closest to us, her liquid chatter blending with the staccato calls of the western kingbirds (<em>Tyrannus verticalis</em>) on the electrical lines overhead. Beyond her, two more tree swallows are investigating another box.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Tree swallows are cavity-nesters, typically using abandoned woodpecker holes in old cottonwoods and other large trees to raise their young. They also readily use nest boxes as a reasonable substitute. But we certainly didn’t expect them to show up so soon.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">This instantaneous response from the local swallows is immensely gratifying. But it also suggests to us that the birds in this area have been limited by a lack of nest sites.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">“Apparently there <em>is</em> a cavity limitation here,” says Megan Fylling.&nbsp;</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Nesting habitat for declining swallows</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PXL_20230511_164536025-1024x768.jpg" alt="Installing nest boxes along the Missouri River below Holter Dam. From left to right, Mary Venegas, Robin Kockler, Brian Balmer, Megan Fylling, and Tricia Rodriguez." class="wp-image-4136" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PXL_20230511_164536025-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PXL_20230511_164536025-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PXL_20230511_164536025-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PXL_20230511_164536025.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Installing nest boxes along the Missouri River below Holter Dam. From left to right, Mary Venegas, Robin Kockler, Brian Balmer, Megan Fylling, and Tricia Rodriguez.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Megan works as a Research Director and Avian Ecologist for the University of Montana’s Bird Ecology Lab (UMBEL). It&#8217;s the second week in May of 2023, and this morning I’m with her and five other wildlife researchers, pounding in metal T-posts and putting up cedar nest boxes. The project is a collaboration between UMBEL and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, with funding from NorthWestern Energy. It’s an effort to create tree swallow habitat where these birds are in decline—and to learn what they can teach us about the places where they live.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/DSCN2000-1024x768.jpg" alt="A tree swallow checks out one of the new nest boxes below Holter Dam." class="wp-image-4137" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/DSCN2000-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/DSCN2000-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/DSCN2000-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/DSCN2000.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A female tree swallow checks out one of the new nest boxes below Holter Dam.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">We’ve just finished installing 10 new nest boxes along the heavily-fished tailwaters below Montana’s Holter Dam, where the Missouri River cuts a canyon through the red rocks of the Big Belt Mountains, between Helena and Great Falls. There’s something very inspiring about watching these sleek, athletic birds checking out their new homes here. And to see them so soon is a huge surprise. Often it takes a year or two before tree swallows will set up shop, says Brian Balmer. Brian, a biologist with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, will be leading much of the monitoring to see how the tree swallows respond to these new nesting sites.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Waiting for tree swallows</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PXL_20230511_143421911-1024x768.jpg" alt="Mary Venegas (left) and Robin Kockler (right) attach a nest box to a metal post at our first site of the morning." class="wp-image-4138" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PXL_20230511_143421911-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PXL_20230511_143421911-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PXL_20230511_143421911-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PXL_20230511_143421911.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Mary Venegas (left) and Robin Kockler (right) attach a nest box to a metal post at our first site of the morning.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">There had been no such instant gratification at our first site of the morning. There, 16 miles farther upstream, our work was a matter of faith. No tree swallows appeared as we hammered T-posts into the shallow, rocky soil above the river, where larkspurs bloomed and Douglas-firs clung to the slopes. They still hadn’t arrived as we attached nest boxes to our last T-posts in that string of 10, on a ridge of loose cobbles overlooking the river.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">But as we gazed out over the gray-green waters of the Missouri River and the bitter-herb smell of big sagebrush wafted through the gray, misty mid-May morning, it seemed like the sort of place where tree swallows could make themselves at home.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">“I have a good feeling about these boxes,” said Tricia Rodriguez, UMBEL’s Project Manager.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Tree swallows and population declines</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/579764941-1024x768.jpg" alt="A male tree swallow perches along a fence in western Montana." class="wp-image-4139" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/579764941-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/579764941-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/579764941-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/579764941.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A male tree swallow perches along a fence in western Montana.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Tree swallows are familiar breeding birds across much of North America, equally at home in the baking heat of a central California summer or a somewhat-cooler July in Maine. Darting through the air, flashing their glossy blue backs, they twist and turn as they hunt aerial insects on the wing. But although they’re widespread and common, their overall numbers have been declining. Analyses of Breeding Bird Survey data since the mid-1960s point to particularly notable declines in the northern and eastern parts of their breeding range.&nbsp;</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Along the Missouri River in Montana, finer-scale surveys of breeding birds have also shown concerning declines in tree swallows. Systematic songbird surveys from 2004 to 2021, also funded by NorthWestern Energy and led by UMBEL researcher Anna Noson, point to a loss of around 25% of the river’s breeding tree swallows—an alarming downward trend.&nbsp;</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Critical cottonwoods</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="823" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/DSCN2545-1024x823.jpg" alt="An aging cottonwood along the Missouri River, near Cascade, Montana." class="wp-image-4140" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/DSCN2545-1024x823.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/DSCN2545-300x241.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/DSCN2545-768x617.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/DSCN2545.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">An aging cottonwood along the Missouri River, near Cascade, Montana.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Why? Although the exact causes remain uncertain, habitat changes along the river have likely played a role. The cottonwoods (<em>Populus</em> spp.) along its banks—which provide nesting cavities for tree swallows as well as critical habitat for many other birds—are also declining. Two thirds of the cottonwood stands in this area of the Missouri River are at least 50 years old. The trees are aging, and relatively few young ones have been able to establish. Dams have limited the flooding that provides a seedbed for baby cottonwoods, while houses and farms have encroached into the once-unpredictable river’s floodplain. It’s a host of changes that seems to be impacting many of the river’s birds, which depend on these important trees for food (think insects), shelter, and nesting sites.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="771" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/yewa-1024x771.jpg" alt="A male yellow warbler perches in a young cottonwood, carrying an insect larva to his nearby nest." class="wp-image-4141" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/yewa-1024x771.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/yewa-300x226.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/yewa-768x579.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/yewa.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A male yellow warbler perches in a young cottonwood, carrying an insect larva to his nearby nest.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Nest boxes can’t replace the missing trees. Unlike cottonwoods, T-posts and cedar boards don’t host <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2023/03/24/montana-native-plants-for-birds/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">the caterpillars that yellow warblers (<em>Setophaga petechia</em>) and many other birds eat</a>, for example. But by supplementing the nesting cavities typically found in old cottonwoods, nest boxes <em>can</em> help address the loss of the tree swallows. That’s why it’s especially exciting to see the swallows investigating the Holter Dam boxes so soon, just minutes after we’ve put them up.&nbsp;</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Tree swallows as sentinels</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="855" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/DSCN2004-1024x855.jpg" alt="A female tree swallow at one of the nest boxes below Holter Dam." class="wp-image-4142" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/DSCN2004-1024x855.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/DSCN2004-300x251.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/DSCN2004-768x641.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/DSCN2004.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A female tree swallow visits one of the nest boxes below Holter Dam.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">“I’m so obsessed with the birds just getting right into those boxes,” says Bridger Creel, a PhD student who works with UMBEL. Their work focuses on songbirds and heavy metal contaminants one mountain range to the west, along the Clark Fork River.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/tres-feeding-1024x768.jpg" alt="A vibrant blue adult male tree swallow feeds a grayish juvenile invertebrates near Helena, Montana." class="wp-image-4143" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/tres-feeding-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/tres-feeding-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/tres-feeding-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/tres-feeding.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A vibrant blue adult male tree swallow feeds invertebrates to a grayish juvenile near Helena, Montana.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Tree swallow research projects like this one along the Missouri aren’t just helping provide new habitat for a declining insect-eater. Here and elsewhere, they can also teach us important lessons about the surrounding environment. Nesting tree swallows forage close to home, rarely traveling more than a third of a mile from their nests. Their local diet—made up of aerial insects such as midges, mayflies, and dragonflies—means that tree swallows can serve as sentinels for landscape health. If the swallows are thriving and fledging large, healthy clutches, it’s probably a sign that the food web they rely on is thriving, too.&nbsp;</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Meanwhile, by taking small blood samples from the swallows when they’re banding them, researchers can monitor for hidden environmental toxins—avoiding nasty, unforeseen surprises that could jeopardize wildlife and people. For the health of our rivers, tree swallows are like the canaries in the coal mine. But unlike the timeworn cliché of the canary in its cage, tree swallows live wild and free, twisting and gliding through the air in a high-speed insect hunt that no human can match.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Nest boxes, tree swallows, and waning cottonwoods</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PXL_20230511_180234053-1024x768.jpg" alt="Brian Balmer installs another nest box, overlooking the reservoir above Holter Dam." class="wp-image-4144" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PXL_20230511_180234053-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PXL_20230511_180234053-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PXL_20230511_180234053-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PXL_20230511_180234053.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Brian Balmer installs another nest box, overlooking the reservoir above Holter Dam. Note the sparse cottonwoods in the midground, along the edge of the reservoir.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Our last stop of the day is along a west-facing hillside of skunkbush sumac, cheatgrass, and lupine that overlooks the reservoir above Holter Dam. Spotted towhees (<em>Pipilo maculatus</em>) mew as we install 10 more nest boxes. We stop to pick up the discarded beer cans and water bottles that litter the slope and look up to see a sharp-shinned hawk (<em>Accipiter striatus</em>) circling overhead. Below us, a common loon (<em>Gavia immer</em>) dives in the reservoir beyond a sparse scattering of aging cottonwoods, the trees crowded between a campground and the water.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/tres_BentonLake-1024x768.jpg" alt="A tree swallow perches on a fence near Great Falls, Montana." class="wp-image-4145" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/tres_BentonLake-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/tres_BentonLake-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/tres_BentonLake-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/tres_BentonLake.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A tree swallow perches on a fence near Great Falls, Montana.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">The plight of the cottonwoods remains: a waning habitat that supports an astonishing, vulnerable bird diversity across the arid West. But today, I’m feeling hopeful. This morning, we put up 30 nest boxes along the river, providing homes for cavity-nesters where none existed last year. And over the years ahead, this team of biologists will be looking out for these birds, learning what these sentinels of the river have to teach us.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">As we get back into the truck and drive away, a tree swallow is banking over the hillside, circling where a new nest box overlooks the dammed river. I hope that it will stay for the summer, and thrive. </p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Update: the tree swallows in 2023</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PXL_20230511_143823064-1024x768.jpg" alt="The rocky sagebrush site where two pairs of violet-green swallows and two pairs of tree swallows nested in 2023." class="wp-image-4148" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PXL_20230511_143823064-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PXL_20230511_143823064-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PXL_20230511_143823064-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PXL_20230511_143823064.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">The rocky sagebrush site where two pairs of violet-green swallows and two pairs of tree swallows nested in 2023.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Fast-forward a year now, to spring of 2024. Tree swallows have once again returned to Montana, and another nesting season is about to begin. In May and June last year, the tree swallow team installed 100 nest boxes along the Missouri River, grouped into sites consisting of ten nest boxes each. And even though they were installing the boxes relatively late, when the nesting season had already started, cavity-nesting birds still used 29 of them.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="913" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/vgsw-1024x913.jpg" alt="A violet-green swallow near Helena, Montana." class="wp-image-4149" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/vgsw-1024x913.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/vgsw-300x268.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/vgsw-768x685.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/vgsw.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A violet-green swallow perches on a ponderosa pine twig near Helena, Montana.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">At several sites, the response of the birds was particularly impressive—and it wasn&#8217;t just tree swallows there. In the first area that I visited with the researchers, where we hammered T-posts into a rocky sagebrush slope, tree swallows used two nest boxes and violet-green swallows (<em>Tachycineta thalassina</em>) used two more. At Holter Dam, where we watched the birds find the boxes within minutes, it was pure tree swallows. Even in that first year, they occupied six of the ten boxes. At one box where a nest with six young fledged successfully, the tree swallows proceeded to re-nest in the same box, laying five more eggs. Meanwhile, on the dry hillside above the reservoir, where the spotted towhees had mewed, the nest box community was a mix of tree swallows and house wrens (<em>Troglodytes aedon</em>). Between the two species, they built nests in a whopping nine out of ten boxes.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Tree swallows in the years ahead</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PXL_20230511_162734141-1024x768.jpg" alt="Tricia Rodriguez (left) and Mary Venegas (right) install a nest box at Holter Dam." class="wp-image-4150" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PXL_20230511_162734141-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PXL_20230511_162734141-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PXL_20230511_162734141-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PXL_20230511_162734141.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Tricia Rodriguez (left) and Mary Venegas (right) install Box 32 at Holter Dam in 2023.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">In the 2023 mid-season report that the tree swallow team shared with me, they wrote: &#8220;The relatively immediate high occupancy rates at some sites along the Upper Missouri River surprised even our most seasoned avian ecologists&#8230; we expect to see increased occupancy in 2024.&#8221;</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="855" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/DSCN7018-1024x855.jpg" alt="La pareja de golondrinas bicolores se percha sobre el Nido No. 32 in mayo de 2024." class="wp-image-4302" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/DSCN7018-1024x855.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/DSCN7018-300x251.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/DSCN7018-768x641.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/DSCN7018.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">The Box 32 tree swallow pair, May 2024.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">I return on May 20, 2024, a sunny morning with a light frost coating the grasses, to check on the nest boxes below Holter Dam. I stand underneath the powerline and watch a tree swallow pair that seem to be claiming Box 32. Both are perching on top of it, vocalizing frequently over the background hum of the dam. In just a few minutes, I watch them copulate five times. When another female circles nearby, clearly interested in their box, they intensify their chirps. The female defending the box flies to the entrance hole, shielding it from the would-be usurper. </p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Every nest box in sight has two or more tree swallows perching on or near it. At Box 31, a cloud of five are swarming and calling, in the midst of an unsettled debate over who will get to nest here. Meanwhile, at Box 35, another pair is perching amiably together. If you close your eyes and listen, there&#8217;s a music here: a chorus of liquid chirps, a bustle of activity that wasn&#8217;t here until last spring. The pair on Box 32 continues calling. To my ears, it sounds a lot like they&#8217;re saying &#8220;thank you.&#8221;</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Further reading</h3>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-274 wp-block-paragraph"><em>Farther downstream along the river, between Fort Benton and Judith Landing, a project led by Friends of the Missouri Breaks Monument has been attempting to mitigate cottonwood declines by planting young Plains cottonwoods </em>(Populus deltoides)<em>. Read a 2019 report about that project <a href="https://northwesternenergy.com/docs/default-source/default-document-library/clean-energy/environmental-projects/missouri-madison-hydro-project/missouri-madison-wildlife-programs/2019-7-missouri-river-cottonwood-planting-report.pdf">here</a>.</em></p>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="903" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/DSCN7011-1024x903.jpg" alt="Golondrinas bicolores disputan la tenencia del Nido No. 31 en mayo de 2024." class="wp-image-4301" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/DSCN7011-1024x903.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/DSCN7011-300x265.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/DSCN7011-768x677.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/DSCN7011.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Tree swallows dispute occupancy of Box 31, May 2024.</figcaption></figure>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="878" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/DSCN7021-1024x878.jpg" alt="Una pareja de golondrinas bicolores se percha sobre una caja nido arriba de Holter Dam." class="wp-image-4303" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/DSCN7021-1024x878.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/DSCN7021-300x257.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/DSCN7021-768x659.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/DSCN7021.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A pair of tree swallows perches on a nest box above Holter Dam, May 2024.</figcaption></figure>
<p>The post <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2024/06/01/tree-swallows-montana/">A hopeful sign for a bird in decline: helping Montana&#8217;s tree swallows</a> appeared first on <a href="https://wildwithnature.com">Wild With Nature</a>.</p>
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		<title>How to grow a bird-friendly garden in western Montana</title>
		<link>https://wildwithnature.com/2023/03/24/montana-native-plants-for-birds/</link>
					<comments>https://wildwithnature.com/2023/03/24/montana-native-plants-for-birds/#comments</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Shane Sater]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 24 Mar 2023 18:30:15 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Birds]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[English-language stories]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Plants]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Acanthis flammea]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Alberta beardtongue]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Alnus incana]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Amelanchier alnifolia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[American plum]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Aquilegia flavescens]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Artemisia cana]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Artemisia frigida]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Artemisia ludoviciana]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Artemisia tridentata]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[beebalm]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Betula occidentalis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[big sagebrush]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[black cottonwood]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[blue elderberry]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Bombycilla cedrorum]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Bombycilla garrulus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[bristly gooseberry]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Canada goldenrod]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Cardellina pusilla]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[chokecherry]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[common juniper]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[common snowberry]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[common sunflower]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Cornus sericea]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Fragaria vesca]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Fragaria virginiana]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[fringed sage]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[fuzzy-tongue penstemon]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[gardening]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Geothlypis trichas]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[giant goldenrod]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[golden currant]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[habitat]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Helianthus annuus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Helianthus maximiliani]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Helianthus nuttallii]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[horizontal juniper]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Icterus bullockii]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[insect diversity]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ipomopsis aggregata]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Juniperus horizontalis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Juniperus scopulorum]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Lonicera ciliosa]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Lupinus argenteus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Lupinus sericeus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Maximilian sunflower]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Missouri goldenrod]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Monarda fistulosa]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Myadestes townsendi]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Nootka rose]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Nucifraga columbiana]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Nuttall&#039;s sunflower]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[orange honeysuckle]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Penstemon albertinus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Penstemon eriantherus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Pinus flexilis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Pinus ponderosa]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[plains cottonwood]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Poecile atricapillus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ponderosa pine]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Populus balsamifera]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Populus deltoides]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Populus tremuloides]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Prunus americana]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Prunus virginiana]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[quaking aspen]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[red-osier dogwood]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ribes setosum]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Rocky Mountain juniper]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Rosa nutkana]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Rosa woodsii]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Salix exigua]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Salix scouleriana]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sambucus cerulea]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[sandbar willow]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[scarlet gilia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Scouler&#039;s willow]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[serviceberry]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Setophaga coronata]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Setophaga petechia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Setophaga ruticilla]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Shepherdia argentea]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sialia mexicana]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[silky lupine]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[silver buffaloberry]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[silver sagebrush]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[silvery lupine]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[small-flower beardtongue]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Solidago canadensis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Solidago gigantea]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Solidago missouriensis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sorbus scopulina]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Spinus tristis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Symphoricarpos albus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Symphoricarpos occidentalis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Turdus migratorius]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[western mountain-ash]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[western snowberry]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[western tanager]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[white sagebrush]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[wild strawberry]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Wood&#039;s rose]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[yellow columbine]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Zonotrichia leucophrys]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://wildwithnature.com/?p=2092</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>When you compare the birds of a manicured lawn with those that inhabit a grove of chokecherries, the difference is stark. The lawn might support [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2023/03/24/montana-native-plants-for-birds/">How to grow a bird-friendly garden in western Montana</a> appeared first on <a href="https://wildwithnature.com">Wild With Nature</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<figure class="wp-block-image size-full is-resized"><a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2023/03/24/montana-plantas-nativas-para-aves/"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="706" height="181" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-en-2.jpg" alt="Bilingual nature podcast" class="wp-image-3486" style="width:auto;height:100px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-en-2.jpg 706w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-en-2-300x77.jpg 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 706px) 100vw, 706px" /></a></figure>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><iframe style="border-radius:12px" src="https://open.spotify.com/embed/episode/72zazh2hHu9nqy7snFYA6T?utm_source=generator&amp;t=0" width="100%" height="152" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="" allow="autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; fullscreen; picture-in-picture" loading="lazy"></iframe></p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="870" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70973801-1024x870.jpg" alt="A juvenile cedar waxwing eating a chokecherry." class="wp-image-2104" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70973801-1024x870.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70973801-300x255.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70973801-768x653.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70973801.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A juvenile cedar waxwing eating a chokecherry.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">When you compare the birds of a manicured lawn with those that inhabit a grove of chokecherries, the difference is stark. The lawn might support a few starlings and robins. Perhaps, late in spring migration, a handful of desperate Swainson’s thrushes might stop by. The chokecherries, on the other hand, support an intricate community of life, from two-tailed swallowtail butterflies to dozens of species of songbirds. When the fruits ripen in late summer to a deep, juicy black, they attract cedar waxwings, Townsend’s solitaires, western tanagers, American robins, and house finches. Meanwhile, throughout the growing season, the foliage supports a diversity of insects &#8211; and the birds that eat them. Flitting among the leaves, you can find Wilson’s warblers, ruby-crowned kinglets, yellow-rumped warblers, and warbling vireos.&nbsp;</p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="872" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70017851-1024x872.jpg" alt="A migrating Wilson's warbler in a chokecherry." class="wp-image-2105" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70017851-1024x872.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70017851-300x256.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70017851-768x654.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70017851.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A migrating Wilson&#8217;s warbler in a chokecherry.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">When we consider the diversity of life around us, it’s easy to see a lot of bad news these days. We’ve lost <a href="https://www.birds.cornell.edu/home/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/DECLINE-OF-NORTH-AMERICAN-AVIFAUNA-SCIENCE-2019.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">2.9 billion breeding birds</a> in North America over the last 50 years. Scientists have reported <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0006320718313636" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">steep declines of once-common insects</a>. But by making a few simple decisions about what we plant in our gardens, we can be part of reversing these trends. In our yards, parks, and neighborhoods, we can provide homes for the birds, bees, and caterpillars. But doing this isn&#8217;t just about avoiding extinctions &#8211; it&#8217;s also a lot of fun.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">This article is focused on plants for bird-friendly gardens in the western half of Montana, USA. If you live elsewhere, the specific plants will be different, but the general recommendations will be the same.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color">Getting started: habitat for birds</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="795" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/59362931-1024x795.jpg" alt="An American robin taking a bath." class="wp-image-2107" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/59362931-1024x795.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/59362931-300x233.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/59362931-768x596.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/59362931.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">An American robin taking a bath.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Every species of bird is unique in its life story. The habitats it uses, the foods it eats, where it nests, whether it migrates &#8211; all of this varies. Nevertheless, all birds need food, shelter, water, and safety from predators. Plants provide excellent food and shelter &#8211; especially particular species of plants that are native to the local landscape. But before we get into the specifics of these plants, let’s consider water and predators.&nbsp;</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Some birds, such as American kestrels, can get most or all of the moisture they need from their food. Otherwise, birds need to drink water. Including a source of water in your garden, such as a regularly cleaned bird bath or a backyard wetland, can attract birds to drink or bathe.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Watch out for predators</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="807" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220523_002444234-1024x807.jpg" alt="An &quot;Acopian bird saver&quot; bird-friendly window in Ruth Swenson's Helena, MT garden." class="wp-image-2150" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220523_002444234-1024x807.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220523_002444234-300x237.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220523_002444234-768x605.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220523_002444234.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">An &#8220;Acopian bird saver&#8221; bird-friendly window in Ruth Swenson&#8217;s Helena, MT garden.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">What about predators in our yards? Outdoor cats are incredibly deadly for neighborhood songbirds. In the United States alone, cats kill <a href="https://abcbirds.org/news/outdoor-cats-single-greatest-source-of-human-caused-mortality-for-birds-and-mammals-says-new-study/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">well over a billion birds a year</a>. This number is so large that it’s almost unimaginable. But there are <em>a lot</em> of outdoor cats in the United States: around 50 million pets, in addition to as many as 100 million feral cats. Managing outdoor cats, <a href="https://www.allaboutbirds.org/news/faq-outdoor-cats-and-their-effects-on-birds/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">especially feral ones</a>, can be a contentious topic. But keeping your own cats indoors is a relatively easy step to take. By doing so, you&#8217;ll help ensure that your bird-friendly garden doesn&#8217;t become a death trap for songbirds.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Windows may not be predators, but they&#8217;re another deadly neighborhood hazard for songbirds. In the United States, they’re estimated to kill <a href="https://bioone.org/journals/the-condor/volume-116/issue-1/CONDOR-13-090.1/Birdbuilding-collisions-in-the-United-States--Estimates-of-annual/10.1650/CONDOR-13-090.1.full" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">over 350 million birds a year</a>. <a href="https://www.allaboutbirds.org/news/why-birds-hit-windows-and-how-you-can-help-prevent-it/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">An article by the Cornell Lab of Ornithology</a> gives an overview of this issue and discusses several solutions. Of these, <a href="https://www.birdsavers.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Acopian Bird Savers</a> are probably one of the most elegant. This is an unobtrusive, low-tech design that consists of vertical rows of cords, spaced four inches apart, that hang from the outside of the window. You can make your own out of parachute cord or bamboo, or you can order them online.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Including different habitat features</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="789" height="1024" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/69595041-789x1024.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-2108" style="width:400px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/69595041-789x1024.jpg 789w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/69595041-231x300.jpg 231w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/69595041-768x997.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/69595041-1183x1536.jpg 1183w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/69595041.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 789px) 100vw, 789px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Clark&#8217;s nutcrackers are common birds in and around conifer forest, but are generally rare away from this habitat.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Broadly speaking, all birds are associated with one or more of three general habitats: forest, prairie, or wetland. What habitats make up the larger landscape surrounding you? The answer to this question will shape the possibilities for your bird-friendly garden.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Is your home in the middle of a Douglas-fir forest, or is it in a valley-bottom subdivision? Clark&#8217;s nutcrackers probably won&#8217;t visit your garden unless you have patches of conifers close to you. Similarly, you probably won’t attract marsh wrens or Wilson’s snipes to your yard unless you live very close to a wetland. Meanwhile, many prairie birds need relatively large patches of grasses and herbs. So unless this describes the area around your house, you probably won’t have grasshopper sparrows or western meadowlarks in your yard. Many birds of thickets and forest edges, on the other hand, will readily use yards during migration or the breeding season. And, of course, there are a variety of birds that use more than one of these habitats.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">In general, in order to make your yard more inviting for birds, it’s worth considering components of all three habitats: forest, prairie, and wetland. A small water feature probably won’t attract Wilson’s snipes &#8211; but, once again, a bit of water in the yard will allow birds to drink and bathe. A prairie patch the size of a front yard is unlikely to bring in grasshopper sparrows, but it will offer important seeds and insects for thicket-edge birds such as chipping sparrows. And patches of native shrubs or trees, such as chokecherries, provide food and cover for a wide diversity of migrating and nesting songbirds.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color">Why native plants?</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="863" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/85451811-1024x863.jpg" alt="A bohemian waxwing feeds on fruits of Russian-olive, an invasive tree." class="wp-image-2109" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/85451811-1024x863.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/85451811-300x253.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/85451811-768x647.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/85451811.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A bohemian waxwing feeding on the fruits of Russian-olive, an invasive tree.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">You’ve probably noticed that I keep mentioning <strong>native</strong> plants for birds. <em>Why does this matter?</em> you might be wondering. Perhaps you’ve noticed that robins and Bohemian waxwings often eat the fruits of Russian-olive (<em>Elaeagnus angustifolia</em>), a frequently-planted invasive that escapes from cultivation to compete with the cottonwoods and willows along our waterways. Or you might have noticed a house finch or pileated woodpecker pecking at an apple, another non-native fruit.&nbsp;</p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="963" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/240159601-1024x963.jpg" alt="A western bluebird feeding on an adult moth. Insects - especially the larvae of butterflies and moths - are critical foods for most of our songbirds." class="wp-image-2110" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/240159601-1024x963.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/240159601-300x282.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/240159601-768x722.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/240159601.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A western bluebird feeding on an adult moth. Insects &#8211; especially the larvae of butterflies and moths &#8211; are critical foods for most of our songbirds.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Yes, there <em>are</em> non-native plants that certain birds will use. But, all things considered, native plants are far superior for our birds. Why? It comes down to food &#8211; and, specifically, insects. Doug Tallamy, a researcher who has spent decades studying birds and insects, writes that 96% of North American land birds rely heavily on insects during the breeding season. Soft, juicy caterpillars are especially important. And whereas native plants have coevolved with native insects, non-native plants are comparative deserts for insect diversity. </p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">A non-native plant like Russian-olive may still provide fruits that feed a few species. But in comparison with a chokecherry or another native plant, it’s much less useful for most of our birds. If you want to attract an abundance of birds to your yard, then native plants are the way to go.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph"><em>Okay, which plants should I plant for the birds?</em> you’re probably asking. Here are some recommendations for western Montana, organized by the foods they provide.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color">Native plants for insects</h3>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">What sorts of native plants provide our birds with the most insects? In order to give region-specific recommendations, Doug Tallamy and Kimberley Shropshire teamed up with the National Wildlife Federation to create <a href="https://www.nwf.org/NativePlantFinder/Plants" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">an interactive website, searchable by zip code</a>. For each zip code, this tool predicts the number of caterpillar species that different native plants will support. And in North America, it turns out, wherever you are, just a handful of native plants support most of the caterpillars.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="821" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/241778961-1024x821.jpg" alt="A western tanager in a native diamond willow (Salix eriocephala)." class="wp-image-2111" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/241778961-1024x821.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/241778961-300x241.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/241778961-768x616.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/241778961.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A western tanager in a native diamond willow (Salix eriocephala).</figcaption></figure>
</div>

<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/163104721-1024x768.jpg" alt="A yellow warbler singing from a chokecherry." class="wp-image-2112" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/163104721-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/163104721-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/163104721-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/163104721.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A yellow warbler singing from a chokecherry.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Around Helena, Montana, willows are at the top of the list. These shrubs host up to 309 species of caterpillars &#8211; juicy protein packets to feed our nesting birds. Many of our native willows grow in wetlands, but <strong>Scouler’s willow (<em>Salix scouleriana</em>)</strong> and <strong>sandbar willow (<em>Salix exigua</em>)</strong> are common species that often grow in somewhat drier areas. </p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Cottonwoods and aspens are also high on the list, hosting up to 245 butterflies and moths. Among the cottonwoods are <strong>black cottonwood (<em>Populus balsamifera</em>)</strong> and <strong>plains cottonwood (<em>Populus deltoides</em>)</strong> &#8211; but keep in mind that these trees are notorious for dropping branches. Meanwhile, <strong>quaking aspen (<em>Populus tremuloides</em>)</strong> forms thickets from underground rhizomes. For these reasons, cottonwoods and aspens are best-suited for larger yards.&nbsp;</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph"><strong>Chokecherry (<em>Prunus virginiana</em>)</strong> and <strong>American plum (<em>Prunus americana</em>)</strong> are thicket-forming shrubs that are excellent for bird habitat. (They support up to 227 species of caterpillars &#8211; and check out <a href="http://wildwithnature.com/2022/06/03/chokecherries-and-birds/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">this article</a> for an exploration of other miniature insects that live on chokecherries.) However, if you live in an area with a high risk of bear conflicts, keep in mind that chokecherries and plums can attract bears when the fruits get ripe in the fall.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Birches, alders, and pines</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="802" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/237377911-1024x802.jpg" alt="A common yellowthroat in a thinleaf alder." class="wp-image-2113" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/237377911-1024x802.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/237377911-300x235.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/237377911-768x602.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/237377911.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A common yellowthroat in a thinleaf alder.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Our native birches host 211 species of caterpillars. <strong>Water birch (<em>Betula occidentalis</em>)</strong> is a small tree that often grows along streams; <strong>paper birch (<em>Betula papyrifera</em>) </strong>gets much larger. And birches do more than just provide lots of insects. Their trunks (like those of cottonwoods and aspens) also make popular homes for cavity-nesting birds like black-capped chickadees and house wrens. (If you don’t want to wait for your trees to grow, the Cornell Lab of Ornithology also provides <a href="https://nestwatch.org/learn/all-about-birdhouses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">thorough instructions for nest box construction</a>.) The related <strong>thinleaf alder (<em>Alnus incana</em>)</strong> is a large shrub or small tree that hosts 196 species of butterflies and moths.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="794" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/73020331-1024x794.jpg" alt="Red crossbills feeding on ponderosa pine cones." class="wp-image-2164" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/73020331-1024x794.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/73020331-300x233.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/73020331-768x595.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/73020331.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Red crossbills feeding on ponderosa pine cones.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Among the conifers, pines (<em>Pinus</em> spp.) are important for caterpillars, supporting up to 188 species. Around Helena, <strong>ponderosa pine (<em>Pinus ponderosa</em>)</strong> and<strong> limber pine (<em>Pinus flexilis</em>)</strong> are good options. However, keep in mind that they grow to be rather large trees. Also, depending on your surroundings, you might not want to plant them near your house due to fire risk.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Goldenrods, strawberries, and more</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="853" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/21_Solidago-gigantea15-1024x853.jpg" alt="A noctuid moth (Euxoa sp.) visiting giant goldenrod flowers." class="wp-image-2114" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/21_Solidago-gigantea15-1024x853.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/21_Solidago-gigantea15-300x250.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/21_Solidago-gigantea15-768x640.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/21_Solidago-gigantea15.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A noctuid moth (Euxoa sp.) visiting giant goldenrod flowers.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">What about herbaceous plants? For caterpillars, goldenrod is at the top of the list, hosting 65 species. Common goldenrods in Montana include <strong>giant goldenrod (<em>Solidago gigantea</em>)</strong>, <strong>Canada goldenrod (<em>Solidago canadensis</em>)</strong>, and <strong>Missouri goldenrod (<em>Solidago missouriensis</em>)</strong>. These plants are commonly blamed for late-summer allergies, but <a href="https://fmr.org/updates/conservation/goldenrod-or-ragweed-which-causes-allergies-and-which-benefits-pollinators" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">this is a myth</a>: the culprits are typically ragweeds (<em>Ambrosia</em> spp.), which bloom around the same time. </p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="824" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/74861251-1024x824.jpg" alt="Many plants that provide insects also provide fruits or seeds. This common redpoll is foraging on a seedhead of big sagebrush, presumably eating the seeds." class="wp-image-2116" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/74861251-1024x824.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/74861251-300x242.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/74861251-768x618.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/74861251.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Many plants that provide insects also provide fruits or seeds. This common redpoll is foraging on a seedhead of big sagebrush, presumably eating the seeds.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Other herbs that support substantial numbers of butterflies and moths are native strawberries and sunflowers. Wild strawberries (<strong><em>Fragaria virginiana</em></strong> and <strong><em>Fragaria vesca</em></strong>) are low-growing; they may not compete well with taller, more vigorous plants. Sunflowers, on the other hand, are both tall and vigorous. In Montana, <strong>common sunflower (<em>Helianthus annuus</em>)</strong> is an abundant annual that often grows along roadsides. We also have two common perennial species, <strong>Nuttall’s sunflower (<em>Helianthus nuttallii</em>)</strong> and <strong>Maximilian sunflower (<em>Helianthus maximiliani</em>)</strong>.&nbsp;</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Lupines and sagebrushes are also worthy of mention, supporting up to 40 and 35 species of caterpillars, respectively. <strong>Silvery lupine (<em>Lupinus argenteus</em>)</strong> and <strong>silky lupine (<em>Lupinus sericeus</em></strong>) are a couple of Montana’s common lupines. Sagebrushes are very diverse in Montana and include shrubs such as <strong>big sagebrush (<em>Artemisia tridentata</em>)</strong> and <strong>silver sagebrush (<em>Artemisia cana</em>)</strong> as well as herbs such as <strong>fringed sage (<em>Artemisia frigida</em>)</strong> and <strong>white sagebrush (<em>Artemisia ludoviciana</em>)</strong>.&nbsp;</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color">Native plants for fruits</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70018061-1024x768.jpg" alt="A white-crowned sparrow eating red-osier dogwood fruits." class="wp-image-2117" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70018061-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70018061-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70018061-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70018061.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A white-crowned sparrow eating red-osier dogwood fruits.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">I’ve already mentioned chokecherry for the diversity of insects that it hosts. In addition to the insects, this shrub is also a phenomenal fall fruit resource for cedar waxwings, American robins, and many other birds. And besides chokecherry, there’s a wide selection of other native fruits that attract birds, from July onwards through the winter. Many of these plants also host a notable diversity of caterpillars (though they support fewer species of caterpillars than the shrubs and trees I’ve already mentioned).</p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="838" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/63690211-1024x838.jpg" alt="A cedar waxwing feeding on golden currant fruits." class="wp-image-2138" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/63690211-1024x838.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/63690211-300x246.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/63690211-768x628.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/63690211.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A cedar waxwing feeding on golden currant fruits.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph"><strong>Red-osier dogwood (<em>Cornus sericea</em>) </strong>offers clusters of small white fruits from mid-summer through fall. Gray catbirds and white-crowned sparrows are among the birds that feed on them. This medium-sized shrub also has brilliant red fall foliage. </p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">The native currants &#8211; such as <strong>golden currant (<em>Ribes aureum</em>)</strong> and <strong>bristly gooseberry (<em>Ribes setosum</em>)</strong> &#8211; are some of the earliest fruits to ripen in the summer. They provide a tasty snack for birds and people alike. <strong>Serviceberry (<em>Amelanchier alnifolia</em>)</strong> is another popular summer fruit for cedar waxwings, western tanagers, and thrushes.&nbsp;</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Elderberry, snowberry, and more</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200921_184528038-1024x768.jpg" alt="Silver buffaloberry (Shepherdia argentea)." class="wp-image-2157" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200921_184528038-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200921_184528038-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200921_184528038-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200921_184528038.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Silver buffaloberry (Shepherdia argentea).</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph"><strong>Blue elderberry (<em>Sambucus cerulea</em>)</strong> ripens in the fall, as does <strong>western mountain-ash (<em>Sorbus scopulina</em>)</strong>. The snowberries &#8211; <strong>common snowberry (<em>Symphoricarpos albus</em>)</strong> and <strong>western snowberry (<em>Symphoricarpos occidentalis</em>)</strong> &#8211; also ripen in the fall, but their fruits stick around through the winter. So do the wild roses, such as <strong>Woods’ rose (<em>Rosa woodsii</em>)</strong> and <strong>Nootka rose (<em>Rosa nutkana</em>)</strong>. <strong>Silver buffaloberry (<em>Shepherdia argentea</em>)</strong> is a great fall fruit that sometimes remains through mid-winter. Note that this is a large, thorny bush, though, and separate male and female plants are needed for pollination.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="769" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/69356431-1024x769.jpg" alt="A Townsend's solitaire feeding on Rocky Mountain juniper fruits." class="wp-image-2118" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/69356431-1024x769.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/69356431-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/69356431-768x577.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/69356431.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A Townsend&#8217;s solitaire feeding on Rocky Mountain juniper fruits.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph"><strong>Rocky Mountain juniper (</strong><strong><em>Juniperus scopulorum</em></strong><strong>) </strong>is a tall shrub that provides winter “berries” (actually fleshy cones) for Bohemian waxwings, Townsend’s solitaires, and American robins. Keep in mind that juniper, like silver buffaloberry, has separate male and female plants, so you’ll need both in your general area for pollination to occur. Juniper is also highly flammable &#8211; so it’s probably not a good idea to plant it in areas with high fire risk. Montana also has two lower-growing juniper species that provide options for smaller spaces: <strong>horizontal juniper (</strong><strong><em>Juniperus horizontalis</em></strong><strong>)</strong> and <strong>common juniper (</strong><strong><em>Juniperus communis</em></strong><strong>)</strong>.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color">Native plants for seeds</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="824" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/384210431-1024x824.jpg" alt="An American goldfinch feeding on late-fall seeds of common sunflower." class="wp-image-2119" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/384210431-1024x824.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/384210431-300x242.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/384210431-768x618.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/384210431.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">An American goldfinch feeding on late-fall seeds of common sunflower.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Many birds &#8211; such as American goldfinches, American tree sparrows, and pine siskins &#8211; commonly feed on seeds. In the case of sparrows, it’s often hard to see exactly what they’re eating, since they feed on the ground. Nevertheless, a few seed-bearing plants are especially noteworthy for the birds they attract. Montana’s native sunflowers &#8211; the annual <strong>common sunflower</strong> and the perennial<strong> Nuttall’s </strong>and <strong>Maximilian sunflowers </strong>&#8211; reliably attract goldfinches and pine siskins when their seeds ripen in the fall. Our pines, such as <strong>ponderosa</strong> and <strong>limber pine</strong>, feed nomadic groups of conifer-seed specialists such as red crossbills and Clark’s nutcrackers. <strong>Thinleaf alder, water birch,</strong> and <strong>paper birch</strong> provide winter seeds that often attract common redpolls and pine siskins.&nbsp;And many other native plants, from asters to grasses, also produce seeds that various finches and sparrows may use.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color">Native plants for nectar</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220608_233105315-1024x768.jpg" alt="Fuzzy-tongue penstemon." class="wp-image-2120" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220608_233105315-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220608_233105315-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220608_233105315-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220608_233105315.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Fuzzy-tongue penstemon.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">What about hummingbirds? These tiny, beloved hoverers often catch tiny insects &#8211; so providing habitat for insects is important to them, too. In addition, they’re well-known for their nectar-feeding habits. A variety of native plants with long, tubular flowers are popular hummingbird plants. These include <strong>orange honeysuckle (<em>Lonicera ciliosa</em>)</strong>, <strong>yellow columbine (<em>Aquilegia flavescens</em>)</strong>, <strong>scarlet gilia (<em>Ipomopsis aggregata</em>)</strong>, <strong>beebalm (<em>Monarda fistulosa</em>)</strong>, and the penstemons. Among western Montana&#8217;s common penstemons are <strong>Alberta beardtongue (<em>Penstemon albertinus</em>)</strong>, <strong>fuzzy-tongue penstemon (<em>Penstemon eriantherus</em>)</strong>, and <strong>small-flower beardtongue (<em>Penstemon procerus</em>)</strong>.&nbsp;In addition, some of the plants I&#8217;ve already mentioned for insects or fruits &#8211; such as golden currant &#8211; are popular nectar sources for hummingbirds.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color">Obtaining plants</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/252690541-1024x768.jpg" alt="A black-capped chickadee foraging for insects on serviceberry." class="wp-image-2121" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/252690541-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/252690541-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/252690541-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/252690541-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/252690541-2048x1536.jpg 2048w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A black-capped chickadee foraging for insects on serviceberry.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Where can you find these plants? Some local nurseries, such as <a href="https://www.gardenwerks.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">GardenWerks</a> in Helena, carry a limited selection of native plants. In addition, I was able to find three retail nurseries in western and central Montana that offer a wide selection of natives:&nbsp;</p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li><strong>Blake Nursery</strong>, Big Timber, MT: <a href="https://www.blakenursery.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.blakenursery.com/</a></li>



<li><strong>Center for Native Plants</strong>, Whitefish, MT: <a href="https://centerfornativeplants.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://centerfornativeplants.com/</a></li>



<li><strong>Pipilo Native Plants</strong>, Charlo, MT: <a href="https://www.pipilonatives.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.pipilonatives.com/</a></li>
</ul>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">(A fourth nursery, Southwest Montana Native Landscapes, has unfortunately closed, though it still shows up on a Google search.)</p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="777" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/59362881-1024x777.jpg" alt="A Bullock's oriole in a black cottonwood." class="wp-image-2122" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/59362881-1024x777.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/59362881-300x228.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/59362881-768x582.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/59362881.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A Bullock&#8217;s oriole in a black cottonwood.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">To find out more, I contacted these nurseries and asked them which plants they stock, of those I list in this article. <a href="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Native-plants-for-birds.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Find their responses here</a>.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">In addition to these retail nurseries, there are a few other commercial sources of native plants in western Montana. For larger projects, the <a href="https://dnrc.mt.gov/Forestry/Conservation-Nursery/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Montana Conservation Seedling Nursery</a> and <a href="https://www.greatbearnativeplants.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Great Bear Native Plants</a> accept wholesale orders. And if you want to start your own plants, <a href="https://nativeideals.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Native Ideals</a> sells locally grown seeds for a variety of Montana species. </p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200926_181848814-1024x768.jpg" alt="American plum." class="wp-image-2160" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200926_181848814-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200926_181848814-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200926_181848814-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200926_181848814.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">American plum.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Note that certain nurseries that don&#8217;t specialize in native plants may “stretch” the concept of &#8220;native&#8221; to include species that aren’t from Montana. For example, <em>Penstemon strictus</em> is sometimes sold as a native plant, but it grows in the wild in the southern Rocky Mountains and doesn’t reach Montana. When in doubt, look a plant up on the Montana Natural Heritage Program’s <a href="https://fieldguide.mt.gov/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Montana Field Guide</a> to learn about its status in the state, or check out the Biota of North America Program’s <a href="http://bonap.net/NAPA/Genus/Traditional/County" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">county-level range maps</a>. These maps are organized by genus and show the distribution, by county, of all wild and naturalized plants in the United States.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color">The bird-friendly garden</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="874" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/238615571-1024x874.jpg" alt="An American redstart in an aspen." class="wp-image-2123" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/238615571-1024x874.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/238615571-300x256.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/238615571-768x655.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/238615571.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">An American redstart in an aspen.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Is this a comprehensive list of all of the plants that are important for bird-friendly gardening in Montana? <em>No!</em> I’ve neglected to mention native maples (<em>Acer</em> spp.), raspberries (<em>Rubus </em>spp.), hawthorns (<em>Crataegus</em> spp.), and many others. </p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">When it comes to growing habitat for birds, there are always more plants you can add. But even if you do nothing more than add a patch of chokecherries and a handful of goldenrods to your yard, where previously there was just lawn, you&#8217;ll have made a good start. As the chokecherries leaf out in the spring, wait for the yellow-rumped warblers to appear, hunting insects. When the fruits ripen in the fall, look for the flocks of cedar waxwings and robins. And if you have the space in your yard to include all of the plants I&#8217;ve mentioned here, along with a water source&#8230; in a few years, your yard will be a paradise for birds. </p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph"><em>This story was produced with support from the <a href="https://goldcountrymg.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Gold Country Master Gardener Association</a>.</em></p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color">Further reading</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="869" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/158204741-1024x869.jpg" alt="A yellow-rumped warbler in a willow." class="wp-image-2126" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/158204741-1024x869.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/158204741-300x255.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/158204741-768x652.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/158204741.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A yellow-rumped warbler in a willow.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Acopian Bird Savers: prevent birds from flying into windows. Retrieved from <a href="https://www.birdsavers.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.birdsavers.com/</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">American Bird Conservancy. (2013, January 29). Outdoor cats: single greatest source of human-caused mortality for birds and mammals, says new study. Retrieved from <a href="https://abcbirds.org/news/outdoor-cats-single-greatest-source-of-human-caused-mortality-for-birds-and-mammals-says-new-study/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://abcbirds.org/news/outdoor-cats-single-greatest-source-of-human-caused-mortality-for-birds-and-mammals-says-new-study/</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Biota of North America Program. (2014). BONAP’s North American Plant Atlas (NAPA). Retrieved from <a href="http://bonap.net/NAPA/Genus/Traditional/County" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://bonap.net/NAPA/Genus/Traditional/County</a></p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200910_131503868-1024x768.jpg" alt="Wetland habitat: a beaver dam with common cattail (Typha latifolia) and sandbar willow." class="wp-image-2161" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200910_131503868-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200910_131503868-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200910_131503868-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200910_131503868.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Wetland habitat: a beaver dam with common cattail (Typha latifolia) and sandbar willow. This area is home to red-winged blackbirds, Wilson&#8217;s snipes, song sparrows, common yellowthroats, and more.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Center for Native Plants. (n.d.) Our most bird friendly species. Retrieved from <a href="https://centerfornativeplants.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/cnp_plantselection_birds-1.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://centerfornativeplants.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/cnp_plantselection_birds-1.pdf</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Cornell Lab of Ornithology. (2016, December 5). FAQ: Outdoor cats and their effects on birds. Retrieved from <a href="https://www.allaboutbirds.org/news/faq-outdoor-cats-and-their-effects-on-birds/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.allaboutbirds.org/news/faq-outdoor-cats-and-their-effects-on-birds/</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Cornell Lab of Ornithology. (2023). All about birdhouses. Retrieved from <a href="https://nestwatch.org/learn/all-about-birdhouses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://nestwatch.org/learn/all-about-birdhouses/</a></p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><a href="http://wildwithnature.com/2022/06/10/life-at-plant-speed/"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="722" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220608_235306800.MP_-1024x722.jpg" alt="Native grassland habitats can host extremely diverse plant communities. This rocky hilltop community includes cutleaf daisy (Erigeron compositus), Sandberg bluegrass (Poa secunda), white-margined phlox (Phlox albomarginata), and stemless goldenweed (Stenotus acaulis)." class="wp-image-2162" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220608_235306800.MP_-1024x722.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220608_235306800.MP_-300x212.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220608_235306800.MP_-768x541.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220608_235306800.MP_.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Native prairie habitats can host extremely diverse plant communities. <a href="http://wildwithnature.com/2022/06/10/life-at-plant-speed/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">This rocky hilltop community</a> includes cutleaf daisy (Erigeron compositus), Sandberg bluegrass (Poa secunda), white-margined phlox (Phlox albomarginata), and stemless goldenweed (Stenotus acaulis). Common grassland-nesting birds in western Montana include western meadowlarks and vesper sparrows. A yard-sized patch of prairie probably won&#8217;t attract these birds unless you live within a larger patch of grassland &#8211; but chipping sparrows, goldfinches, and more will likely show up to feed on seeds and insects.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Cornell Lab of Ornithology. (2023, February 24). Why birds hit windows &#8211; and how you can help prevent it. Retrieved from <a href="https://www.allaboutbirds.org/news/why-birds-hit-windows-and-how-you-can-help-prevent-it/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.allaboutbirds.org/news/why-birds-hit-windows-and-how-you-can-help-prevent-it/</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Friends of the Mississippi River. (2022). Goldenrod or ragweed: which causes allergies and which benefits pollinators? Retrieved from <a href="https://fmr.org/updates/conservation/goldenrod-or-ragweed-which-causes-allergies-and-which-benefits-pollinators" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://fmr.org/updates/conservation/goldenrod-or-ragweed-which-causes-allergies-and-which-benefits-pollinators</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Loss, S.R., Will, T., Loss, S.S., &amp; Marra, P.P. (2014). Bird-building collisions in the United States: estimates of annual mortality and species vulnerability. <em>The Condor</em> 116(1):8-23. Retrieved from <a href="https://bioone.org/journals/the-condor/volume-116/issue-1/CONDOR-13-090.1/Birdbuilding-collisions-in-the-United-States--Estimates-of-annual/10.1650/CONDOR-13-090.1.full" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://bioone.org/journals/the-condor/volume-116/issue-1/CONDOR-13-090.1/Birdbuilding-collisions-in-the-United-States&#8211;Estimates-of-annual/10.1650/CONDOR-13-090.1.full</a></p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/S36769226_Riparian-1024x768.jpg" alt="Native shrub thickets such as this one host an incredible diversity of birds. This thicket includes red-osier dogwood, western snowberry, and thinleaf alder. Common summer birds here include yellow warblers, gray catbirds, cedar waxwings, and song sparrows." class="wp-image-2163" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/S36769226_Riparian-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/S36769226_Riparian-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/S36769226_Riparian-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/S36769226_Riparian.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Native shrub thickets such as this one host an incredible diversity of birds. This thicket includes red-osier dogwood, western snowberry, and thinleaf alder. Common summer birds here include yellow warblers, gray catbirds, cedar waxwings, and song sparrows.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Montana Natural Heritage Program. (n.d.). Montana Field Guide. Montana State Library. Retrieved from <a href="https://fieldguide.mt.gov/default.aspx" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://fieldguide.mt.gov/default.aspx</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Narango, D.L., Tallamy, D.W., &amp; Shropshire, K.J. (2020). Few keystone plant genera support the majority of Lepidoptera species. <em>Nature Communications</em> 11:5751. Retrieved from <a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/345818119_Few_keystone_plant_genera_support_the_majority_of_Lepidoptera_species" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.researchgate.net/publication/345818119_Few_keystone_plant_genera_support_the_majority_of_Lepidoptera_species</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">National Wildlife Federation. (2023). Native plants (by zip code). Retrieved from <a href="https://www.nwf.org/NativePlantFinder/Plants" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.nwf.org/NativePlantFinder/Plants</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Rosenberg, K.V., Dokter, A.M., Blancher, P.J., Sauer, J.R., Smith, A.C., Smith, P.A., … Marra, P.P. (2019). Decline of the North American avifauna. <em>Science </em>366:120-124. Retrieved from <a href="https://www.birds.cornell.edu/home/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/DECLINE-OF-NORTH-AMERICAN-AVIFAUNA-SCIENCE-2019.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.birds.cornell.edu/home/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/DECLINE-OF-NORTH-AMERICAN-AVIFAUNA-SCIENCE-2019.pdf</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Sánchez-Bayo, F. &amp; Wyckhuys, K.A.G. (2019). Worldwide decline of the entomofauna: a review of its drivers. <em>Biological Conservation</em> 232: 8-27. Retrieved from <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0006320718313636" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0006320718313636</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Smallwood, J.A. &amp; Bird, D.M. (2020). American kestrel (<em>Falco sparverius</em>), version 1.0. <em>In</em> Birds of the World (A.F. Poole &amp; F.B. Gill, editors). Ithaca, NY: Cornell Lab of Ornithology. Retrieved from <a href="https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/amekes/cur/introduction" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/amekes/cur/introduction</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Tallamy, D.W. (2019). <em>Nature’s best hope: a new approach to conservation that starts in your yard.</em> Portland, OR: Timber Press.</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2023/03/24/montana-native-plants-for-birds/">How to grow a bird-friendly garden in western Montana</a> appeared first on <a href="https://wildwithnature.com">Wild With Nature</a>.</p>
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			</item>
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		<title>Cómo cultivar un jardín para las aves en el occidente de Montana</title>
		<link>https://wildwithnature.com/2023/03/24/montana-plantas-nativas-para-aves/</link>
					<comments>https://wildwithnature.com/2023/03/24/montana-plantas-nativas-para-aves/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Shane Sater]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 24 Mar 2023 09:05:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Aves]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Historias en español]]></category>
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					<description><![CDATA[<p>Cuando comparas las aves de un césped cortado con las que viven en un parche de capulines (Prunus virginiana), la diferencia es fuerte. Tal vez [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2023/03/24/montana-plantas-nativas-para-aves/">Cómo cultivar un jardín para las aves en el occidente de Montana</a> appeared first on <a href="https://wildwithnature.com">Wild With Nature</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<figure class="wp-block-image size-full is-resized"><a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2023/03/24/montana-native-plants-for-birds/"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="734" height="188" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-es-2.jpg" alt="Podcast bilingüe de la naturaleza" class="wp-image-3489" style="width:auto;height:100px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-es-2.jpg 734w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-es-2-300x77.jpg 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 734px) 100vw, 734px" /></a></figure>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><iframe style="border-radius:12px" src="https://open.spotify.com/embed/episode/0wNCCVGqs4qunaX8xuJW4P?utm_source=generator&amp;t=0" width="100%" height="152" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="" allow="autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; fullscreen; picture-in-picture" loading="lazy"></iframe></p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="870" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70973801-1024x870.jpg" alt="A juvenile cedar waxwing eating a chokecherry." class="wp-image-2104" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70973801-1024x870.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70973801-300x255.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70973801-768x653.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70973801.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Un chinito joven comiendo una fruta del capulín.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Cuando comparas las aves de un césped cortado con las que viven en un parche de capulines (<em>Prunus virginiana</em>), la diferencia es fuerte. Tal vez el césped mantendría a unos estorninos pintos (<em>Sturnus vulgaris</em>) y mirlos primavera (<em>Turdus migratorius</em>). Es posible que, al final de la migración primaveral, unos desesperados zorzales de anteojos (<em>Catharus ustulatus</em>) pudieran pasar por ahí. </p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="872" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70017851-1024x872.jpg" alt="A migrating Wilson's warbler in a chokecherry." class="wp-image-2105" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70017851-1024x872.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70017851-300x256.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70017851-768x654.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70017851.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Un chipe corona negra en un capulín durante la migración.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Los capulines, por otro lado, mantienen una intrincada comunidad de vida, desde la mariposa cometa xochiquetzal (<em>Papilio multicaudata</em>) hasta docenas de especies de aves. Cuando las frutas maduran a ser jugosas y de color negro profundo al final del verano, atraen chinitos (<em>Bombycilla cedrorum</em>), clarines norteños (<em>Myadestes townsendii</em>), pirangas capucha roja (<em>Piranga ludoviciana</em>), mirlos primavera y pinzones mexicanos (<em>Haemorhous mexicanus</em>). Por otra parte, a través de la estación de crecimiento, las hojas mantienen diversos insectos &#8211; y las aves que los comen. Puedes ver chipes corona negra (<em>Cardellina pusilla</em>) revoloteando por las hojas, así como reyezuelos matraquita (<em>Regulus calendula</em>), chipes rabadilla amarilla (<em>Setophaga coronata</em>) y vireos gorjeadores (<em>Vireo gilvus</em>).</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Cuando consideramos la diversidad de la vida cerca de nosotros, es fácil ver varias malas noticias en esa época. Durante los últimos 50 años, hemos perdido <a href="https://www.birds.cornell.edu/home/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/DECLINE-OF-NORTH-AMERICAN-AVIFAUNA-SCIENCE-2019.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">2,9 mil millones de aves reproductoras</a> en Norteamérica. A la vez, científicos en varias partes del mundo han reportado <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0006320718313636" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">declives rápidos de insectos que solían ser comunes</a>. Sin embargo, al tomar algunas simples decisiones sobre lo que vamos a cultivar en nuestros jardines, podemos contribuir en revertir estas tendencias. En nuestros jardines, parques y vecindarios, podemos proveer hogares para las aves, las abejas y las orugas. Y hacerlo no sólo tiene que ver con evitar extinciones &#8211; también es algo muy divertido.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Este artículo se enfoca en las plantas que podemos cultivar para las aves en la mitad occidental de Montana, EE.UU. Si vives en otra región, las plantas específicas serán diferentes, pero las recomendaciones generales serán las mismas. </p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color">Empezando: el hábitat para las aves</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="795" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/59362931-1024x795.jpg" alt="An American robin taking a bath." class="wp-image-2107" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/59362931-1024x795.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/59362931-300x233.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/59362931-768x596.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/59362931.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Un mirlo primavera bañándose.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Cada especie de ave tiene su propia historia de vida. Los hábitats que usa, dónde anida, si emigra o no &#8211; todo esto varía. Sin embargo, todas las aves necesitan comida, abrigo, agua y seguridad contra los depredadores. Las plantas &#8211; en concreto, especies particulares de plantas nativas al paisaje local &#8211; ofrecen buena comida y abrigo. Pero antes de que pongamos atención a los detalles de estas plantas, consideremos el agua y los depredadores.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Algunas aves, como los cernícalos americanos (<em>Falco sparverius</em>), pueden conseguir en su comida más o menos toda la humedad que necesitan. El resto de las aves tienen que beber agua. Si incluyes una provisión de agua en tu jardín, tal como un baño de aves que limpias regularmente o un humedal pequeño, puedes atraer las aves a beber o bañarse.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Ten cuidado con los depredadores</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="807" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220523_002444234-1024x807.jpg" alt="An &quot;Acopian bird saver&quot; bird-friendly window in Ruth Swenson's Helena, MT garden." class="wp-image-2150" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220523_002444234-1024x807.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220523_002444234-300x237.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220523_002444234-768x605.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220523_002444234.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Una ventana buena para aves en el jardín de Ruth Swenson en Helena, MT.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">¿Qué hay de los depredadores en nuestros jardines? Los gatos domésticos al aire libre pueden ser increíblemente letales para las aves cantoras en los vecindarios. Sólo en los Estados Unidos, los gatos domésticos matan a <a href="https://abcbirds.org/news/outdoor-cats-single-greatest-source-of-human-caused-mortality-for-birds-and-mammals-says-new-study/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">más de mil millones de aves cada año</a>. Este número es tan grande que es casi inimaginable. No obstante, hay <em>muchos</em> gatos domésticos al aire libre en los Estados Unidos: cerca de 50 millones como mascotas, además de hasta 100 millones de gatos ferales. Manejar estos gatos, <a href="https://www.allaboutbirds.org/news/faq-outdoor-cats-and-their-effects-on-birds/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">especialmente los ferales</a>, puede ser un asunto de disputa. Pero mantener tus propios gatos dentro de la casa es un paso relativamente fácil. Haciendo esto, vas a hacer que tu jardín no sea una trampa letal para las aves cantoras.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Las ventanas no son depredadores, pero son otro letal peligro para las aves cantoras en el vecindario. En los Estados Unidos, se estima que matan <a href="https://bioone.org/journals/the-condor/volume-116/issue-1/CONDOR-13-090.1/Birdbuilding-collisions-in-the-United-States--Estimates-of-annual/10.1650/CONDOR-13-090.1.full" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">más de 350 millones de aves cada año</a>. <a href="https://www.allaboutbirds.org/news/why-birds-hit-windows-and-how-you-can-help-prevent-it/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Un artículo por el Cornell Lab of Ornithology</a> resume este tema y presenta algunas soluciones. De estas, probablemente <a href="https://www.birdsavers.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">los Salvapájaros Acopianos</a> son una de las más elegantes. Este discreto diseño de baja tecnología consiste en hileras verticales de cuerdas, separadas por cuatro pulgadas, que cuelgan del exterior de una ventana. Puedes construirlos por ti mismo usando cualquier cuerda o bambú, o puedes comprarlos en línea.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Incluyendo características de hábitats diferentes</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="789" height="1024" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/69595041-789x1024.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-2108" style="width:400px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/69595041-789x1024.jpg 789w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/69595041-231x300.jpg 231w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/69595041-768x997.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/69595041-1183x1536.jpg 1183w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/69595041.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 789px) 100vw, 789px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Los cascanueces americanos son aves comunes en el bosque conífero, pero están raros fuera de este hábitat.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Hablando en general, todas las aves están asociadas con uno o más de tres grandes hábitats: el bosque, la pradera o el humedal. ¿Cuáles de estos hábitats forman el paisaje cerca de ti? La respuesta a esta pregunta va a influir en las posibilidades para tu jardín para las aves.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">¿Vives en el medio de un bosque del ayarín (<em>Pseudotsuga menziesii</em>), o en una zona residencial en el valle? Los cascanueces americanos (<em>Nucifraga columbiana</em>) probablemente no vayan a visitar tu jardín a menos que tengas parches de coníferos cerca de ti. Igualmente, es probable que no vayas a atraer ni saltaparedes pantaneros (<em>Cistothorus palustris</em>) ni agachonas norteamericanas (<em>Gallinago delicata</em>) a menos que vivas cerca de un humedal. </p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Por otra parte, la mayoría de las aves que viven en las praderas necesitan relativamente amplios espacios abiertos con gramíneas y hierbas. Por eso, a menos que esto describa el área cerca de tu casa, es probable que no tendrás gorriones chapulín (<em>Ammodramus savannarum</em>) ni praderos del oeste (<em>Sturnella neglecta</em>) en tu jardín. Mientras tanto, varias aves de matorrales o de los bordes de los bosques sí usarán jardines durante la migración o la estación reproductiva. Y, por supuesto, hay varias especies que usan más de uno de estos hábitats.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Generalmente, para hacer que tu jardín invite más a las aves, vale considerar componentes de estos tres hábitats: el bosque, la pradera y el humedal. Es poco probable que un estanque pequeño atraerá las agachonas norteamericanas &#8211; pero, otra vez, el agua hará que las aves puedan beber y bañarse. Tampoco es probable que un pequeño parche de pradera mantendrá a gorriones chapulín, pero ofrecerá importantes semillas e insectos a las aves del borde del matorral, tales como los gorriones cejas blancas (<em>Spizella passerina</em>). Y los parches de nativos árboles y arbustos, como los capulines, van a proveer comida y abrigo para diversas aves migratorias y reproductivas.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color">¿Por qué las plantas nativas?</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="863" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/85451811-1024x863.jpg" alt="A bohemian waxwing feeds on fruits of Russian-olive, an invasive tree." class="wp-image-2109" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/85451811-1024x863.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/85451811-300x253.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/85451811-768x647.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/85451811.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Un ampelis europeo comiendo las frutas del árbol del paraíso, un árbol invasor.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Probablemente te hayas dado cuenta de que sigo mencionando las plantas <strong>nativas</strong> para las aves. <em>¿Por qué eso sería importante?</em> podrías preguntarte. Tal vez hayas notado que los mirlos primavera y los ampelis europeos (<em>Bombycilla garrulus</em>) suelen comer las frutas del árbol del paraíso (<em>Elaeagnus angustifolia</em>), una planta invasora frecuentemente cultivada que a menudo escapa del cultivo para competir contra los álamos y sauces nativos en nuestras riberas. O quizás hayas observado un pinzón mexicano (<em>Haemorhous mexicanus</em>) o un picamaderos norteamericano (<em>Dryocopus pileatus</em>) picoteando una manzana &#8211; otra fruta no nativa.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="963" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/240159601-1024x963.jpg" alt="A western bluebird feeding on an adult moth. Insects - especially the larvae of butterflies and moths - are critical foods for most of our songbirds." class="wp-image-2110" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/240159601-1024x963.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/240159601-300x282.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/240159601-768x722.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/240159601.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Un azulejo garganta azul alimentándose con una polilla adulta. Los insectos &#8211; especialmente las larvas de las mariposas y las polillas &#8211; son recursos esenciales para la mayoría de nuestras aves cantoras.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Sí, claro que <em>hay</em> plantas no nativas que algunas aves usarán. Pero en conjunto, las plantas nativas son bastante superiores para nuestras aves. ¿Por qué? Tiene que ver con la comida &#8211; y específicamente, los insectos. Doug Tallamy, un investigador que ha pasado décadas estudiando las aves y los insectos, escribe que el 96% de las aves terrestres norteamericanas depende muchísimo de los insectos durante la estación reproductiva. Las orugas blandas y jugosas son especialmente importantes. Y mientras que las plantas nativas han coevolucionado con los insectos nativos, en comparación las plantas no nativas son un desierto para la diversidad de insectos.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Puede ser que una planta no nativa como el árbol del paraíso siga proveyendo frutas que alimenten algunas especies. Pero comparado con un capulín u otra planta nativa, es mucho menos útil para la mayoría de nuestras aves. Si quieres atraer una abundancia de aves a tu jardín, las plantas nativas te ayudarán mucho.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph"><em>Dale, ¿cuáles especies debo plantar para las aves?</em> podrías estar preguntando. Acá están algunas recomendaciones para el occidente de Montana, organizadas según los tipos de alimento que proveen.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color">Plantas nativas para los insectos</h3>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">¿Cuáles plantas nativas les proveen la mayor cantidad de insectos a nuestras aves? Para hacer recomendaciones para regiones diferentes, Doug Tallamy y Kimberley Shropshire colaboraron con el National Wildlife Federation para crear <a href="https://www.nwf.org/NativePlantFinder/Plants" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">un sitio web interactivo que se puede buscar por el código postal</a>. Por cada código postal, esta herramienta predice cuántas especies de orugas cada planta nativa mantendrá. Y resulta que, en cualquier región de Norteamérica en la que estés, solamente unas especies de plantas nativas mantienen la mayoría de las orugas.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="821" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/241778961-1024x821.jpg" alt="A western tanager in a native diamond willow (Salix eriocephala)." class="wp-image-2111" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/241778961-1024x821.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/241778961-300x241.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/241778961-768x616.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/241778961.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Una piranga capucha roja en un sauce nativo (<em>Salix eriocephala</em>).</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Cerca de Helena, Montana, los sauces (<em>Salix</em> spp.) encabezan la lista. Estos arbustos acogen hasta 309 especies de orugas &#8211; jugosos sacos de proteína para alimentar nuestras aves reproductivas. Muchos de nuestros sauces nativos crecen en humedales, pero <strong><em>Salix scouleriana</em> </strong>y <strong><em>Salix exigua</em> </strong>son especies comunes que suelen crecer en áreas más secas.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/163104721-1024x768.jpg" alt="A yellow warbler singing from a chokecherry." class="wp-image-2112" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/163104721-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/163104721-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/163104721-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/163104721.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Un chipe amarillo cantando en un capulín.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Los álamos (<em>Populus</em> spp.) también son muy importantes para las orugas, manteniendo hasta 245 especies. Entre ellos están las especies <em><strong>Populus balsamifera</strong></em> y <em><strong>Populus deltoides</strong></em> &#8211; pero fíjate en que estos árboles son reconocidos por caersele las ramas. Otra opción es <strong>el álamo temblón (<em>Populus tremuloides</em>)</strong>, pero esta especie forma matorrales por sus rizomas subterráneos. Por estas razones, los álamos son más apropiados en espacios grandes.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph"><strong>El capulín (<em>Prunus virginiana</em>) </strong>y<strong> la ciruela americana (<em>Prunus americana</em>)</strong> forman matorrales y son arbustos excelentes para el hábitat de las aves. (Albergan hasta 227 especies de orugas &#8211; y ve <a href="http://wildwithnature.com/2022/06/03/chokecherries-and-birds/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">este artículo</a> por una exploración de los otros minúsculos insectos que viven en los capulines). Sin embargo, si vives en un área con alto riesgo de conflictos con los osos, fíjate en que los capulines y las ciruelas pueden atraer osos cuando las frutas maduran en el otoño.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Abedules, alisos y pinos</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="802" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/237377911-1024x802.jpg" alt="A common yellowthroat in a thinleaf alder." class="wp-image-2113" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/237377911-1024x802.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/237377911-300x235.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/237377911-768x602.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/237377911.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Una mascarita común en un aliso gris.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Nuestros abedules nativos (<em>Betula</em> spp.) mantienen 211 especies de orugas. La <strong><em>Betula occidentalis</em> </strong>es un árbol pequeño que suele crecer al lado de los arroyos; la <em><strong>Betula papyrifera</strong></em> es un árbol mucho más grande. Y los abedules hacen mucho más que sólo proveer un montón de insectos. Sus troncos (como los de los álamos) son sitios populares para los nidos de las aves que anidan en cavidades, tales como los carboneros cabecinegros (<em>Poecile atricapillus</em>) o los saltaparedes comunes (<em>Troglodytes aedon</em>). (Si no quieres esperar hasta que tus árboles crezcan, el Cornell Lab of Ornithology también provee <a href="https://nestwatch.org/learn/all-about-birdhouses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">instrucciones detalladas de montaje para las cajas nido</a>). Además de los abedules, <strong>el aliso gris (<em>Alnus incana</em>)</strong>, una especie pariente, es un arbusto grande o un árbol pequeño que mantiene 196 especies de orugas.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="794" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/73020331-1024x794.jpg" alt="Red crossbills feeding on ponderosa pine cones." class="wp-image-2164" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/73020331-1024x794.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/73020331-300x233.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/73020331-768x595.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/73020331.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Unos picotuertos rojos alimentándose de una piña del pino ponderosa.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Entre los coníferos, los pinos (<em>Pinus</em> spp.) son importantes para las orugas, alojando hasta 188 especies. Cerca de Helena, la <em><strong>Pinus ponderosa</strong></em> y la <strong><em>Pinus flexilis</em> </strong>son opciones buenas. Sin embargo, recuerda que crecen para ser árboles bastante grandes. También, dependiendo de tus alrededores, podría ser que no quieras plantarlos cerca de tu casa por el riesgo de incendios.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Varas de oro, fresas y más</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="853" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/21_Solidago-gigantea15-1024x853.jpg" alt="A noctuid moth (Euxoa sp.) visiting giant goldenrod flowers." class="wp-image-2114" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/21_Solidago-gigantea15-1024x853.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/21_Solidago-gigantea15-300x250.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/21_Solidago-gigantea15-768x640.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/21_Solidago-gigantea15.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Una polilla de la familia Noctuidae (<em>Euxoa</em> sp.) visitando las flores de la vara de oro gigante.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Y ¿qué tal las plantas herbáceas? Para las orugas, la vara de oro (<em>Solidago</em> spp.) encabeza la lista, albergando 65 especies. Varas de oro comunes en Montana incluyen <em><strong>Solidago gigantea, Solidago canadensis</strong></em> y <em><strong>Solidago missouriensis</strong></em>. A menudo se culpan estas plantas por alergias al fin del verano, pero<a href="https://fmr.org/updates/conservation/goldenrod-or-ragweed-which-causes-allergies-and-which-benefits-pollinators" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"> esto es un mito</a>: típicamente los culpables son las plantas del género <em>Ambrosia</em>, que florecen a la misma vez.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="824" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/74861251-1024x824.jpg" alt="Many plants that provide insects also provide fruits or seeds. This common redpoll is foraging on a seedhead of big sagebrush, presumably eating the seeds." class="wp-image-2116" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/74861251-1024x824.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/74861251-300x242.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/74861251-768x618.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/74861251.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Varias plantas que aportan insectos también aportan frutas o semillas. Este pardillo norteño está alimentándose en una inflorescencia de artemisa (<em>Artemisia tridentata</em>), donde probablemente está comiendo las semillas.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Otras hierbas que mantienen números grandes de mariposas y polillas incluyen las nativas fresas y girasoles. Las fresas (<em><strong>Fragaria virginiana</strong></em> y <em><strong>Fragaria vesca</strong></em>) se mantienen bajas; puede ser que no compitan bien con plantas más altas y vigorosas. Los girasoles, al otro lado, son tanto altos como vigorosos. En Montana, <strong>el</strong> <strong>girasol común (</strong><em><strong>Helianthus annuus</strong></em><strong>)</strong> es una abundante planta anual que suele crecer al lado de las carreteras. También tenemos dos especies perennes comunes, <strong><em>Helianthus nuttallii</em></strong> y <strong><em>Helianthus maximiliani</em></strong>.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">También cabe mencionar los lupinos y las artemisas, que respectivamente alojan 40 y 35 especies de orugas. Algunos de los lupinos comunes en Montana son <strong><em>Lupinus argenteus</em></strong> y <strong><em>Lupinus sericeus</em></strong>. Las artemisas son muy diversas en Montana e incluyen tanto arbustos, entre ellos la <strong><em>Artemisia tridentata</em></strong> o la <strong><em>Artemisia cana</em></strong>, como hierbas, por ejemplo la <em><strong>Artemisia frigida</strong></em> o la <strong><em>Artemisia ludoviciana</em></strong>.  </p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color">Plantas nativas para proveer frutas</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70018061-1024x768.jpg" alt="A white-crowned sparrow eating red-osier dogwood fruits." class="wp-image-2117" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70018061-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70018061-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70018061-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70018061.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Un gorrión corona blanca comiendo las frutas de <em>Cornus sericea</em>.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Ya he mencionado que el capulín mantiene una diversidad de insectos. Además de los insectos, este arbusto también provee frutas. En el otoño, el capulín es un recurso fenomenal para los chinitos, los mirlos primavera y muchas otras aves. Y además del capulín, hay una amplia variedad de otras frutas nativas que atraen las aves, desde julio hasta el invierno. Muchas de estas plantas también albergan una diversidad notable de orugas (aunque apoyan menos especies de orugas que los árboles y arbustos que ya he mencionado).</p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="838" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/63690211-1024x838.jpg" alt="A cedar waxwing feeding on golden currant fruits." class="wp-image-2138" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/63690211-1024x838.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/63690211-300x246.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/63690211-768x628.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/63690211.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Un chinito comiendo las frutas de la grosella <em>Ribes aureum.</em></figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">La <strong><em>Cornus sericea</em> </strong>ofrece manojos de pequeñas frutas blancas desde medio verano hasta el otoño. Los maulladores grises (<em>Dumetella caroliniensis</em>) y los gorriones corona blanca (<em>Zonotrichia leucophrys</em>) están entre las aves que las comen. Este arbusto de media altura también tiene un llamativo follaje otoñal de rojo oscuro.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Las grosellas nativas &#8211; tales como el <strong><em>Ribes aureum</em></strong> o el <strong><em>Ribes setosum</em></strong> &#8211; son algunas de las frutas más tempranas al madurar en el verano. Ofrecen una merienda sabrosa, tanto para las aves como para gente. <strong>El guillomo (<em>Amelanchier alnifolia</em>)</strong> es otra querida fruta veraniega para los chinitos, las pirangas capucha roja y los zorzales.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Saúcos, perlitas y más</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200921_184528038-1024x768.jpg" alt="Silver buffaloberry (Shepherdia argentea)." class="wp-image-2157" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200921_184528038-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200921_184528038-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200921_184528038-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200921_184528038.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">El arbusto <em>Shepherdia argentea</em>.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Las frutas del<strong> saúco azul (<em>Sambucus cerulea</em>)</strong> maduran en el otoño, así como las del serbal (<strong><em>Sorbus scopulina</em></strong>). Las bayas de las perlitas &#8211; <strong><em>Symphoricarpos albus</em></strong> y <strong><em>Symphoricarpos occidentalis</em></strong> &#8211; también maduran en el otoño, pero siguen siendo disponible a través del invierno. Esto es el caso también por los rosales, tales como <strong><em>Rosa woodsii</em></strong> y <strong><em>Rosa nutkana</em></strong>. El arbusto <em><strong>Shepherdia argentea</strong></em> es otra buena especie cuyas frutas a veces permanecen hasta medio invierno. Sin embargo, nota que este arbusto es grande y espinoso, y se necesita distintas hembras y machos para polinizarlo. </p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="769" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/69356431-1024x769.jpg" alt="A Townsend's solitaire feeding on Rocky Mountain juniper fruits." class="wp-image-2118" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/69356431-1024x769.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/69356431-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/69356431-768x577.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/69356431.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Un clarín norteño comiendo las frutas del enebro <em>Juniperus scopulorum</em>.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">El enebro<strong> <em>Juniperus scopulorum</em> </strong>es un arbusto de gran altura que provee &#8220;bayas&#8221; invernales (las cuales realmente son piñas carnosas) para los ampelis europeos, los clarines norteños y los mirlos primavera. Fíjate en que el enebro, así como la <em>Shepherdia argentea</em>, tiene distintas hembras y machos: vas a necesitar los dos en tu área general para que la polinización ocurra. Además, el enebro es altamente inflamable &#8211; así que probablemente sería una mala idea plantarlo en áreas con alto riesgo de incendios. Montana también tiene dos enebros de más baja altura, el <strong><em>Juniperus horizontalis</em></strong> y el <strong><em>Juniperus communis</em></strong>, que proveen opciones para espacios más pequeños.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color">Plantas nativas para proveer semillas</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="824" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/384210431-1024x824.jpg" alt="An American goldfinch feeding on late-fall seeds of common sunflower." class="wp-image-2119" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/384210431-1024x824.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/384210431-300x242.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/384210431-768x618.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/384210431.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Un jilguerito canario comiendo las semillas del girasol común en la parte tarde del otoño.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Varias aves &#8211; como los jilgueritos canarios (<em>Spinus tristis</em>), los jilgueritos pineros (<em>Spinus pinus</em>), los chingolos arbóreos (<em>Spizelloides arborea</em>) y otros gorriones &#8211; a menudo se alimentan de semillas. En el caso de los gorriones, generalmente es difícil ver exactamente lo que comen, dado que suelen alimentarse en el suelo. No obstante, algunas plantas son especialmente notables por las aves que sus semillas atraen. </p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Los girasoles en Montana &#8211; el anual <em><strong>Helianthus annuus</strong></em> y los perennes <em><strong>Helianthus nuttallii</strong></em> y <em><strong>Helianthus maximiliani</strong></em> &#8211; atraen de forma fiable los jilgueritos canario y pinero cuando sus semillas maduran en el otoño. Nuestros pinos, como la <strong><em>Pinus ponderosa</em></strong> o la <em><strong>Pinus flexilis</strong></em>, mantienen grupos errantes de aves que se especializan en las semillas coníferas, incluso el picotuerto rojo (<em>Loxia curvirostra</em>) y el cascanueces americano. <strong>El aliso gris</strong> y <strong>los abedules</strong> proveen semillas invernales que suelen alimentar los pardillos norteños (<em>Acanthis flammea</em>) y los jilgueritos pineros. Y varias otras plantas nativas, desde las asteráceas hasta las gramíneas, también producen semillas que varios pinzones y gorriones pueden usar.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color">Plantas nativas para proveer néctar</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220608_233105315-1024x768.jpg" alt="Fuzzy-tongue penstemon." class="wp-image-2120" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220608_233105315-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220608_233105315-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220608_233105315-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220608_233105315.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">La campanita <em>Penstemon eriantherus</em>.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">¿Qué tal los colibrís? Estas minúsculas y queridas aves suelen cazar insectos diminutos. Por eso, plantar el hábitat para los insectos les importa a los colibrís también. Además, son bien conocidos por su predilección por alimentarse con néctar. Varias plantas nativas con flores largas y cilíndricas son populares con los colibrís. Entre ellas están la <strong><em>Lonicera ciliosa</em></strong>, la <strong><em>Aquilegia flavescens</em></strong>, la<strong> <em>Ipomopsis aggregata</em></strong>, la<strong> <em>Monarda fistulosa</em></strong> y las campanitas (<em>Penstemon</em> spp.). Las campanitas comunes del occidente de Montana incluyen el <strong><em>Penstemon albertinus</em></strong>, el<strong> <em>Penstemon eriantherus</em></strong> y el <strong><em>Penstemon procerus</em></strong>. Además, algunas de las plantas que ya he mencionado por los insectos o las frutas &#8211; como la grosella <strong><em>Ribes aureum</em></strong> &#8211; son fuentes populares de néctar para los colibrís.&nbsp;</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color">Cómo obtener plantas</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/252690541-1024x768.jpg" alt="A black-capped chickadee foraging for insects on serviceberry." class="wp-image-2121" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/252690541-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/252690541-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/252690541-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/252690541-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/252690541-2048x1536.jpg 2048w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Un carbonero cabecinegro buscando insectos en un guillomo (<em>Amelanchier alnifolia</em>).</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">¿Dónde puedes encontrar estas plantas? Algunos viveros locales, como <a href="https://www.gardenwerks.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">GardenWerks</a> en Helena, tienen una variedad limitada de plantas nativas. Además, logré hallar tres viveros minoristas en la parte occidental o central de Montana que ofrecen una amplia variedad de plantas nativas:</p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li><strong>Blake Nursery</strong>, Big Timber, MT: <a href="https://www.blakenursery.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.blakenursery.com/</a></li>



<li><strong>Center for Native Plants</strong>, Whitefish, MT: <a href="https://centerfornativeplants.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://centerfornativeplants.com/</a></li>



<li><strong>Pipilo Native Plants</strong>, Charlo, MT: <a href="https://www.pipilonatives.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.pipilonatives.com/</a></li>
</ul>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">(Un cuarto vivero, Southwest Montana Native Landscapes, lamentablemente ha cerrado, aunque todavía parece en una búsqueda de Google.)</p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="777" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/59362881-1024x777.jpg" alt="A Bullock's oriole in a black cottonwood." class="wp-image-2122" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/59362881-1024x777.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/59362881-300x228.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/59362881-768x582.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/59362881.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Una calandria cejas naranjas en un álamo negro.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Para aprender más, me puse en contacto con estos viveros y les pregunté cuáles plantas tienen, de las que he mencionado en este artículo. <a href="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Native-plants-for-birds.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Encuentra sus respuestas aquí.</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Además de estos viveros minoristas, hay unas fuentes comerciales adicionales para plantas nativas en el occidente de Montana. Para proyectos grandes, el <a href="https://dnrc.mt.gov/Forestry/Conservation-Nursery/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Montana Conservation Seedling Nursery</a> y <a href="https://www.greatbearnativeplants.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Great Bear Native Plants</a> aceptan pedidos mayoristas. Y si quieres germinar tus propias semillas, <a href="https://nativeideals.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Native Ideals</a> vende semillas localmente cultivadas por una variedad de especies nativas a Montana. </p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200926_181848814-1024x768.jpg" alt="American plum." class="wp-image-2160" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200926_181848814-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200926_181848814-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200926_181848814-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200926_181848814.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Una ciruela americana (<em>Prunus americana</em>).</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Fíjate en que algunos viveros que no se especializan en plantas nativas a veces &#8220;extenden&#8221; el concepto de &#8220;nativo&#8221; para incluir especies que no son realmente nativas a Montana. Por ejemplo, a veces se vende <em>Penstemon strictus</em> como una planta nativa, pero esta especie existe en estado salvaje sólo en el sur de las Montañas Rocosas y no llega a Montana. Si hay alguna duda sobre una especie, búscala en el <a href="https://fieldguide.mt.gov/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Montana Field Guide</a> del Montana Natural Heritage Program para aprender más sobre su situación en el estado, o revisa <a href="http://bonap.net/NAPA/Genus/Traditional/County" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">los mapas al nivel del condado</a> presentados por el Biota of North America Program. Estos mapas se organizan por el género de planta y muestran la extensión, al nivel del condado, en la que reside cada planta salvaje o naturalizada en los Estados Unidos.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color">El jardín para las aves</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="874" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/238615571-1024x874.jpg" alt="An American redstart in an aspen." class="wp-image-2123" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/238615571-1024x874.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/238615571-300x256.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/238615571-768x655.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/238615571.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Un pavito migratorio en un álamo temblón.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">¿Es esto una lista completa de todas las plantas que serían importantes para cultivar un jardín para las aves en Montana? ¡Claro que no! No he mencionado los arces nativos (<em>Acer</em> spp.), ni las frambuesas (<em>Rubus </em>spp.), ni los espinos (<em>Crataegus </em>spp.) ni muchos otros.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Si queremos cultivar un buen hábitat para las aves, siempre habrá más plantas que podemos añadir. Pero aun si no hicieras nada más que plantar un parche de capulines y unas varas de oro donde antes sólo había un césped cortado, habrás empezado bien. Mientras los capulines abran sus hojas en la primavera, espera hasta que los chipes rabadilla amarilla aparezcan, cazando insectos. Cuando las frutas maduren en el otoño, busca las bandadas de chinitos y mirlos primavera. Y si tienes espacio en tu jardín para incluir todas las plantas que he mencionado acá&#8230; en pocos años, tu jardín será un paraíso para las aves.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph"><em>Esta historia fue producida con apoyo de la <a href="https://goldcountrymg.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Gold Country Master Gardener Association</a>.</em></p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color">Leer más</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="869" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/158204741-1024x869.jpg" alt="A yellow-rumped warbler in a willow." class="wp-image-2126" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/158204741-1024x869.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/158204741-300x255.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/158204741-768x652.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/158204741.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Un chipe rabadilla amarilla en un sauce.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Acopian Bird Savers: prevent birds from flying into windows. Recuperado de <a href="https://www.birdsavers.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.birdsavers.com/</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">American Bird Conservancy. (2013, el 29 de enero). Outdoor cats: single greatest source of human-caused mortality for birds and mammals, says new study. Recuperado de  <a href="https://abcbirds.org/news/outdoor-cats-single-greatest-source-of-human-caused-mortality-for-birds-and-mammals-says-new-study/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://abcbirds.org/news/outdoor-cats-single-greatest-source-of-human-caused-mortality-for-birds-and-mammals-says-new-study/</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Biota of North America Program. (2014). BONAP’s North American Plant Atlas (NAPA). Recuperado de <a href="http://bonap.net/NAPA/Genus/Traditional/County" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://bonap.net/NAPA/Genus/Traditional/County</a></p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200910_131503868-1024x768.jpg" alt="Wetland habitat: a beaver dam with common cattail (Typha latifolia) and sandbar willow." class="wp-image-2161" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200910_131503868-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200910_131503868-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200910_131503868-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200910_131503868.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">El hábitat del humedal: una represa del castor con totoras (<em>Typha latifolia</em>) y sauces de hojas angostas. Esta área mantiene a tordos sargentos, agachonas norteamericanas, gorriones cantores, mascaritas comunes y más.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Center for Native Plants. (sin fecha). Our most bird friendly species. Recuperado de <a href="https://centerfornativeplants.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/cnp_plantselection_birds-1.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://centerfornativeplants.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/cnp_plantselection_birds-1.pdf</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Cornell Lab of Ornithology. (2016, el 5 de diciembre). FAQ: Outdoor cats and their effects on birds. Recuperado de <a href="https://www.allaboutbirds.org/news/faq-outdoor-cats-and-their-effects-on-birds/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.allaboutbirds.org/news/faq-outdoor-cats-and-their-effects-on-birds/</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Cornell Lab of Ornithology. (2023). All about birdhouses. Recuperado de <a href="https://nestwatch.org/learn/all-about-birdhouses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://nestwatch.org/learn/all-about-birdhouses/</a></p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><a href="http://wildwithnature.com/2022/06/10/life-at-plant-speed/"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="722" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220608_235306800.MP_-1024x722.jpg" alt="Native grassland habitats can host extremely diverse plant communities. This rocky hilltop community includes cutleaf daisy (Erigeron compositus), Sandberg bluegrass (Poa secunda), white-margined phlox (Phlox albomarginata), and stemless goldenweed (Stenotus acaulis)." class="wp-image-2162" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220608_235306800.MP_-1024x722.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220608_235306800.MP_-300x212.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220608_235306800.MP_-768x541.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220608_235306800.MP_.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Los hábitats de praderas nativas pueden mantener a comunidades vegetales extremadamente diversas. En <a href="http://wildwithnature.com/2022/06/10/life-at-plant-speed/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">esta comunidad rocosa en la cima de una colina</a>, se puede ver las especies <em>Erigeron compositus, Poa secunda, Phlox albomarginata</em> y<em> Stenotus acaulis</em>. En el occidente de Montana, aves comunes que anidan en praderas incluyen praderos del oeste y gorriones cola blanca. Una pradera del tamaño de un jardín no atraerá a estas aves a menos que vivas dentro de un parche más grande de llanura. Sin embargo, es probable que gorriones cejas blancas, jilgueritos canarios y otros vayan a aparecer para alimentarse de semillas e insectos.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Cornell Lab of Ornithology. (2023, el 24 de febrero). Why birds hits windows &#8211; and how you can help prevent it. Recuperado de <a href="https://www.allaboutbirds.org/news/why-birds-hit-windows-and-how-you-can-help-prevent-it/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.allaboutbirds.org/news/why-birds-hit-windows-and-how-you-can-help-prevent-it/</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Friends of the Mississippi River. (2022). Goldenrod or ragweed: which causes allergies and which benefits pollinators? Recuperado de <a href="https://fmr.org/updates/conservation/goldenrod-or-ragweed-which-causes-allergies-and-which-benefits-pollinators" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://fmr.org/updates/conservation/goldenrod-or-ragweed-which-causes-allergies-and-which-benefits-pollinators</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Loss, S.R., Will, T., Loss, S.S., &amp; Marra, P.P. (2014). Bird-building collisions in the United States: estimates of annual mortality and species vulnerability. <em>The Condor</em> 116(1):8-23. Recuperado de <a href="https://bioone.org/journals/the-condor/volume-116/issue-1/CONDOR-13-090.1/Birdbuilding-collisions-in-the-United-States--Estimates-of-annual/10.1650/CONDOR-13-090.1.full" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://bioone.org/journals/the-condor/volume-116/issue-1/CONDOR-13-090.1/Birdbuilding-collisions-in-the-United-States&#8211;Estimates-of-annual/10.1650/CONDOR-13-090.1.full</a></p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/S36769226_Riparian-1024x768.jpg" alt="Native shrub thickets such as this one host an incredible diversity of birds. This thicket includes red-osier dogwood, western snowberry, and thinleaf alder. Common summer birds here include yellow warblers, gray catbirds, cedar waxwings, and song sparrows." class="wp-image-2163" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/S36769226_Riparian-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/S36769226_Riparian-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/S36769226_Riparian-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/S36769226_Riparian.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Matorrales de arbustos nativos &#8211; como este matorral &#8211; mantienen una diversidad increíble de aves. Este matorral incluye las especies <em>Cornus sericea, Symphoricarpos occidentalis</em> y <em>Alnus incana</em>. En el verano, es común encontrar a chipes amarillos, maulladores grises, chinitos y gorriones cantores acá.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Montana Natural Heritage Program. (sin fecha). Montana Field Guide. Montana State Library. Recuperado de <a href="https://fieldguide.mt.gov/default.aspx" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://fieldguide.mt.gov/default.aspx</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Narango, D.L., Tallamy, D.W., &amp; Shropshire, K.J. (2020). Few keystone plant genera support the majority of Lepidoptera species. <em>Nature Communications</em> 11:5751. Recuperado de <a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/345818119_Few_keystone_plant_genera_support_the_majority_of_Lepidoptera_species" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.researchgate.net/publication/345818119_Few_keystone_plant_genera_support_the_majority_of_Lepidoptera_species</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">National Wildlife Federation. (2023). Native plants (by zip code). Recuperado de <a href="https://www.nwf.org/NativePlantFinder/Plants" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.nwf.org/NativePlantFinder/Plants</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Rosenberg, K.V., Dokter, A.M., Blancher, P.J., Sauer, J.R., Smith, A.C., Smith, P.A., … Marra, P.P. (2019). Decline of the North American avifauna. <em>Science </em>366:120-124. Recuperado de <a href="https://www.birds.cornell.edu/home/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/DECLINE-OF-NORTH-AMERICAN-AVIFAUNA-SCIENCE-2019.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.birds.cornell.edu/home/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/DECLINE-OF-NORTH-AMERICAN-AVIFAUNA-SCIENCE-2019.pdf</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Sánchez-Bayo, F. &amp; Wyckhuys, K.A.G. (2019). Worldwide decline of the entomofauna: a review of its drivers. <em>Biological Conservation</em> 232: 8-27. Recuperado de <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0006320718313636" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0006320718313636</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Smallwood, J.A. &amp; Bird, D.M. (2020). American kestrel (<em>Falco sparverius</em>), versión 1.0. <em>En</em> Birds of the World (A.F. Poole &amp; F.B. Gill, editores). Ithaca, NY: Cornell Lab of Ornithology. Recuperado de <a href="https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/amekes/cur/introduction" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/amekes/cur/introduction</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Tallamy, D.W. (2019). <em>Nature’s best hope: a new approach to conservation that starts in your yard.</em> Portland, OR: Timber Press.</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2023/03/24/montana-plantas-nativas-para-aves/">Cómo cultivar un jardín para las aves en el occidente de Montana</a> appeared first on <a href="https://wildwithnature.com">Wild With Nature</a>.</p>
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