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	<title>Prunus virginiana Archives - Wild With Nature</title>
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	<title>Prunus virginiana Archives - Wild With Nature</title>
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	<item>
		<title>Fall migration</title>
		<link>https://wildwithnature.com/2025/10/01/fall-migration/</link>
					<comments>https://wildwithnature.com/2025/10/01/fall-migration/#comments</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Shane Sater]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 01 Oct 2025 11:55:34 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Birds]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[English-language stories]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Plants]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Archilochus colubris]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Bombycilla cedrorum]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Cardellina pusilla]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Cirsium arvense]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Elaeagnus angustifolia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Geothlypis philadelphia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Haemorhous purpureus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Megascops asio]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Melospiza georgiana]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Melospiza lincolnii]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Populus deltoides]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Progne subis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Prunus virginiana]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Quiscalus quiscula]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Riparia riparia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Setophaga coronata]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Setophaga tigrina]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sialia currucoides]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sisymbrium loeselii]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Spizella pallida]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Spizella passerina]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Tachycineta thalassina]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Toxostoma rufum]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Troglodytes aedon]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Vireo philadelphicus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Xanthium strumarium]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Zonotrichia albicollis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Zonotrichia leucophrys]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://wildwithnature.com/?p=5256</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Russian-olives (Elaeagnus angustifolia) dappled silver with September moonlight. Almost silent, tree crickets and a distant dog. I look up at the starry night and think [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2025/10/01/fall-migration/">Fall migration</a> appeared first on <a href="https://wildwithnature.com">Wild With Nature</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<figure class="wp-block-image size-full is-resized"><a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2025/10/01/aves-migracion-de-otono/"><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" width="706" height="181" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-en-2.jpg" alt="Bilingual nature podcast" class="wp-image-3486" style="width:auto;height:100px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-en-2.jpg 706w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-en-2-300x77.jpg 300w" sizes="(max-width: 706px) 100vw, 706px" /></a></figure>



<iframe data-testid="embed-iframe" style="border-radius:12px" src="https://open.spotify.com/embed/episode/1s358wJtFzJv4ARvA5UWzm?utm_source=generator&#038;t=0" width="100%" height="152" frameBorder="0" allowfullscreen="" allow="autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; fullscreen; picture-in-picture" loading="lazy"></iframe>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/PXL_20250907_033001838.NIGHT_-1024x768.jpg" alt="Moonlight on the Russian-olives." class="wp-image-5260" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/PXL_20250907_033001838.NIGHT_-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/PXL_20250907_033001838.NIGHT_-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/PXL_20250907_033001838.NIGHT_-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/PXL_20250907_033001838.NIGHT_.jpg 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Moonlight on the Russian-olives.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-02866f9249126cc3d8c94398dc4252ef wp-block-paragraph">Russian-olives (<em>Elaeagnus angustifolia</em>) dappled silver with September moonlight. Almost silent, tree crickets and a distant dog. I look up at the starry night and think about all the birds I can’t hear. Are they up there tonight, flying?&nbsp;</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-b2872cae7502e28871e167bf90b2cee1 wp-block-paragraph">Migration, vast and shifting—I’ll never really comprehend it. But there are glimpses.&nbsp;</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-a3534ec716fc6f0a871f2c3e58e4ef9f wp-block-paragraph">The fall flocks. 3600 common grackles (<em>Quiscalus quiscula</em>) streaming past in waves, flooding the cottonwoods, an out-of-tune orchestra belting out at full volume. Squadrons of grackles, heads bronzed in the morning light. Fifteen minutes later, they’re gone.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="817" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/608790007-1024x817.jpg" alt="A juvenile cedar waxwing feeds on fall chokecherries." class="wp-image-5261" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/608790007-1024x817.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/608790007-300x239.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/608790007-768x612.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/608790007.jpg 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A juvenile cedar waxwing feeds on fall chokecherries.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-0406edf5f28ebe556a3f71f0457041cf wp-block-paragraph">The birds of summer, suddenly gone without warning. Back to the Marias River, the <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2025/09/01/the-silence-before-the-cuckoos-song/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">place of no black-billed cuckoos (<em>Coccyzus erythropthalmus</em>) this year</a>. Where did the 45 northern house wrens (<em>Troglodytes aedon</em>) of July go? A cedar waxwing (<em>Bombycilla cedrorum</em>) flock trills from bare evening branches, descending to feed among orange-tinged chokecherry (<em>Prunus virginiana</em>) leaves. Otherwise, quiet like a deserted town. The brown thrashers (<em>Toxostoma rufum</em>), the mountain bluebirds (<em>Sialia currucoides</em>), the violet-green swallows (<em>Tachycineta thalassina</em>) feeding young. Gone. The bank swallow (<em>Riparia riparia</em>) colony silent, too late for goodbyes.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Birds in migration</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="821" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/624094888-1024x821.jpg" alt="A Wilson's warbler forages in a fall red-osier dogwood." class="wp-image-5262" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/624094888-1024x821.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/624094888-300x241.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/624094888-768x616.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/624094888.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Wilson&#8217;s warbler.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-f1d1e99f77f720c11760888b76e304bc wp-block-paragraph">But wait now, quietly, intently. Watch the chokecherries, tune your eyes to the silent flit of a foraging warbler. Strain your ears for chips and seeps. The chokecherries are alive with birds from the north. White-throated sparrows (<em>Zonotrichia albicollis</em>) and Lincoln’s sparrows (<em>Melospiza lincolnii</em>), yellow-rumped warblers (<em>Setophaga coronata</em>) and Wilson’s warblers (<em>Cardellina pusilla</em>). And a different sharp call, a quick movement, a glimpse of something interesting. There it is again, gray and bright yellow in a different pattern. A mourning warbler (<em>Geothlypis philadelphia</em>), a bird that nests in shrubby areas in the boreal forest, the first time I’ve ever seen one.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="987" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/DSCN8732-1024x987.jpg" alt="Mourning warbler." class="wp-image-5263" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/DSCN8732-1024x987.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/DSCN8732-300x289.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/DSCN8732-768x740.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/DSCN8732.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Mourning warbler.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Sparrows and screech-owls</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/PXL_20250906_030704176.NIGHT_-1024x768.jpg" alt="Eastern screech-owl habitat, pre-dawn." class="wp-image-5264" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/PXL_20250906_030704176.NIGHT_-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/PXL_20250906_030704176.NIGHT_-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/PXL_20250906_030704176.NIGHT_-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/PXL_20250906_030704176.NIGHT_.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Eastern screech-owl habitat, pre-dawn.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-be10644998616c2401724927fadcd6e4 wp-block-paragraph">Sometimes there’s nothing. Plains cottonwood (<em>Populus deltoides</em>) leaves flutter their final goodbyes to summer, and I wonder where the migratory flocks are.&nbsp;</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-a520dc070cc34836ff47d3e433982fa6 wp-block-paragraph">And then there are times when a weedy riverbank comes alive with sparrows, seeps and chips among the tumble-mustards (<em>Sisymbrium loeselii</em>) and cockleburs (<em>Xanthium strumarium</em>).&nbsp;</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-f822581d71a9581aebb50e6cb868352c wp-block-paragraph">A cold dawn and an eastern screech-owl (<em>Megascops asio</em>) whinnies from the cottonwoods.&nbsp;</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-c003dd2194e24e4311f9eca2f791ba35 wp-block-paragraph">A neglected field of brush piles and Canada thistle (<em>Cirsium arvense</em>) down bursts with sparrows, hundreds of them, slender chipping (<em>Spizella passerina</em>) and clay-colored sparrows (<em>Spizella pallida</em>), bulky white-throated and white-crowned (<em>Zonotrichia leucophrys</em>) sparrows, the metallic tink call of a swamp sparrow (<em>Melospiza georgiana</em>).</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="904" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/DSCN8872-1024x904.jpg" alt="A Lincoln's sparrow among the Canada thistle." class="wp-image-5265" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/DSCN8872-1024x904.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/DSCN8872-300x265.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/DSCN8872-768x678.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/DSCN8872.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A Lincoln&#8217;s sparrow among the Canada thistle.</figcaption></figure>
</div>

<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/DSCN8876-1024x768.jpg" alt="Clay-colored sparrow in fall migration." class="wp-image-5266" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/DSCN8876-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/DSCN8876-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/DSCN8876-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/DSCN8876.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Clay-colored sparrow in fall migration.</figcaption></figure>
</div>

<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="835" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/DSCN8719-1024x835.jpg" alt="A white-throated sparrow at the edge of a chokecherry thicket." class="wp-image-5267" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/DSCN8719-1024x835.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/DSCN8719-300x245.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/DSCN8719-768x626.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/DSCN8719.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A white-throated sparrow at the edge of a chokecherry thicket.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<h3 class="wp-block-heading">The curves of fall migration</h3>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-39e6d740762b5ff596763438100e5e8f wp-block-paragraph">Migrating birds don’t always fly south. This fall I study range maps, learn the birds of the boreal forest that nest due north of my state, but whose migrations curve east through the Great Plains. I’ve never seen them in Helena. But out here in the shelterbelts, town parks, and green ash draws on the eastern Montana plains, with luck you might find them:</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/PXL_20250913_134956239-1024x768.jpg" alt="Fall comes to a green ash draw in eastern Montana." class="wp-image-5268" style="object-fit:cover" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/PXL_20250913_134956239-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/PXL_20250913_134956239-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/PXL_20250913_134956239-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/PXL_20250913_134956239.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Fall comes to a green ash draw in eastern Montana.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-9dc535bef45a6d958186839be92c0434 wp-block-paragraph">Mourning warblers, Cape May warblers (<em>Setophaga tigrina</em>), and purple finches (<em>Haemorhous purpureus</em>),</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/DSCN9161-1024x768.jpg" alt="Cape May warbler." class="wp-image-5269" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/DSCN9161-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/DSCN9161-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/DSCN9161-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/DSCN9161.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Cape May warbler.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="969" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/DSCN8838-1024x969.jpg" alt="Purple finch (a female or juvenile)." class="wp-image-5271" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/DSCN8838-1024x969.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/DSCN8838-300x284.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/DSCN8838-768x727.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/DSCN8838.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Purple finch (a female or juvenile).</figcaption></figure>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-cd70e827605ec126728fcd80e84fb8d4 wp-block-paragraph">Philadelphia vireos (<em>Vireo philadelphicus</em>), purple martins (<em>Progne subis</em>), and ruby-throated hummingbirds (<em>Archilochus colubris</em>),</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="902" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/DSCN9143-1024x902.jpg" alt="Philadelphia vireo." class="wp-image-5270" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/DSCN9143-1024x902.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/DSCN9143-300x264.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/DSCN9143-768x676.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/DSCN9143.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Philadelphia vireo.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-e659ae5ee896cbf858846c1c4b645ad2 wp-block-paragraph">specks of feathers and fast-beating hearts on a journey I’ll never really comprehend.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-608baedde09348a9aa10aff994d65648 wp-block-paragraph">One morning watching these chokecherries and weeds and brush piles overflow with southbound birds</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/PXL_20250906_132153157-1024x768.jpg" alt="Chokecherries on a cold (and very birdy) September morning." class="wp-image-5272" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/PXL_20250906_132153157-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/PXL_20250906_132153157-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/PXL_20250906_132153157-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/PXL_20250906_132153157.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Chokecherries on a cold (and very birdy) September morning.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-b73f6c333466aa023a7d5c94f75ea811 wp-block-paragraph">is all is takes for me to fall in love, again and again</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-b6096317f84e173c3025cf7bf4acbe0a wp-block-paragraph">with chokecherries</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-e01594df300afbc1bf7d5a2d32890dee wp-block-paragraph">weed patches</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-7d676a9c40a594f88455fc1bddfbd1df wp-block-paragraph">cottonwood leaves fluttering goodbye</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-94330e8877db9747d09c5aa8a7809ba1 wp-block-paragraph">and screech-owls singing in the cold September dawn.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="876" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/497378591-1024x876.jpg" alt="A young white-crowned sparrow feeds among a weedy October patch of kochia (Kochia scoparia)." class="wp-image-5274" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/497378591-1024x876.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/497378591-300x257.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/497378591-768x657.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/497378591.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A young white-crowned sparrow feeds among a weedy October patch of kochia (Kochia scoparia).</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Afterword</h3>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-2fe06e4ba54f03fb3b913e6a8084805f wp-block-paragraph">This story is really special to me—and extra special because it’s my last one before I go on hiatus for a while. I’ve shared some more details about that towards the end of the podcast. </p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-31aba4c2cd67384f2f23070f44b5483f wp-block-paragraph">Independent podcasting isn’t easy, which is one of the reasons I’m taking a break for a while. In the meanwhile, all of the ways that you support this show remain greatly appreciated! Spreading the word about Wild With Nature is huge, and leaving a rating on your favorite podcast platform helps too. And of course, my Patreon supporters are what’s kept me going this long. (If you’re a current supporter, don’t worry—I’m pausing your monthly charges until I start podcast production again.) If you’re not a supporter but would like to look into it, please check out <a href="https://www.patreon.com/wildwithnature" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.patreon.com/wildwithnature</a>. Podcasting can be lonely at times, but knowing you’re there with me makes it much less so.</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2025/10/01/fall-migration/">Fall migration</a> appeared first on <a href="https://wildwithnature.com">Wild With Nature</a>.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
					
					<wfw:commentRss>https://wildwithnature.com/2025/10/01/fall-migration/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
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			</item>
		<item>
		<title>Las aves y la migración de otoño</title>
		<link>https://wildwithnature.com/2025/10/01/aves-migracion-de-otono/</link>
					<comments>https://wildwithnature.com/2025/10/01/aves-migracion-de-otono/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Shane Sater]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 01 Oct 2025 11:53:09 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Aves]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Historias en español]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Plantas]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Archilochus colubris]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Bombycilla cedrorum]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Cardellina pusilla]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Cirsium arvense]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Elaeagnus angustifolia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Geothlypis philadelphia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Haemorhous purpureus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Megascops asio]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Melospiza georgiana]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Melospiza lincolnii]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Populus deltoides]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Progne subis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Prunus virginiana]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Quiscalus quiscula]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Riparia riparia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Setophaga coronata]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Setophaga tigrina]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sialia currucoides]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sisymbrium loeselii]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Spizella pallida]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Spizella passerina]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Tachycineta thalassina]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Toxostoma rufum]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Troglodytes aedon]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Vireo philadelphicus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Xanthium strumarium]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Zonotrichia albicollis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Zonotrichia leucophrys]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://wildwithnature.com/?p=5277</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Los árboles del paraíso (Elaeagnus angustifolia) reflejan destellos plateados bajo la luz de la luna llena de septiembre. La quietud es casi completa, sólo los [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2025/10/01/aves-migracion-de-otono/">Las aves y la migración de otoño</a> appeared first on <a href="https://wildwithnature.com">Wild With Nature</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<figure class="wp-block-image size-full is-resized"><a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2025/10/01/fall-migration/"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="734" height="188" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-es-2.jpg" alt="Podcast bilingüe de la naturaleza" class="wp-image-3489" style="width:auto;height:100px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-es-2.jpg 734w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-es-2-300x77.jpg 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 734px) 100vw, 734px" /></a></figure>



<iframe data-testid="embed-iframe" style="border-radius:12px" src="https://open.spotify.com/embed/episode/7hpTx9G2JLyXATO0OKGUCa?utm_source=generator&#038;t=0" width="100%" height="152" frameBorder="0" allowfullscreen="" allow="autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; fullscreen; picture-in-picture" loading="lazy"></iframe>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/PXL_20250907_033001838.NIGHT_-1024x768.jpg" alt="Moonlight on the Russian-olives." class="wp-image-5260" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/PXL_20250907_033001838.NIGHT_-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/PXL_20250907_033001838.NIGHT_-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/PXL_20250907_033001838.NIGHT_-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/PXL_20250907_033001838.NIGHT_.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">La luz de la luna llena toca los árboles del paraíso.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-101b38ce66b7bbd406a8760dee0b88fd wp-block-paragraph">Los árboles del paraíso (<em>Elaeagnus angustifolia</em>) reflejan destellos plateados bajo la luz de la luna llena de septiembre. La quietud es casi completa, sólo los grillos de árbol y un perro distante. Miro hacia el cielo estrellado y pienso en todas las aves que no puedo escuchar. ¿Están ahí arriba esta noche, volando?</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-22a7ff00836eb05913910aff1cc8509b wp-block-paragraph">La migración de las aves, vasta y cambiante—nunca voy a realmente comprenderla. Pero encuentro vislumbres.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-653ce4e6b3619c26d44b9a2a0991c0d1 wp-block-paragraph">Las bandadas del otoño. 3600 zanates norteños (<em>Quiscalus quiscula</em>) me pasan volando como olas, inundando los alamillos (<em>Populus deltoides</em>), una orquesta desafinada tocando a todo volumen. Compañías de zanates, cabezas brillando de bronce en la luz matutina. Quince minutos después, ya se han ido.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="817" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/608790007-1024x817.jpg" alt="A juvenile cedar waxwing feeds on fall chokecherries." class="wp-image-5261" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/608790007-1024x817.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/608790007-300x239.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/608790007-768x612.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/608790007.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Un chinito juvenil se alimenta de cerezas silvestres. </figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-325f09c399712393c975e9e11aea2557 wp-block-paragraph">Las aves de verano, de repente ausentes. Regreso al Río Marias, <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2025/09/01/the-silence-before-the-cuckoos-song/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">el lugar sin cuclillos pico negro (<em>Coccyzus erythropthalmus</em>) este año</a>. ¿A dónde se fueron los 45 saltaparedes comunes norteños (<em>Troglodytes aedon</em>) de julio? Una bandada de chinitos (<em>Bombycilla cedrorum</em>) da trinos desde las ramas desnudas en la tardenoche, descendiendo para buscar frutos entre las hojas con matices de anaranjado del cerezo silvestre (<em>Prunus virginiana</em>). Aparte de ellos, está silencioso como un pueblo abandonado. Los cuicacoches castaños (<em>Toxostoma rufum</em>), los azulejos pálidos (<em>Sialia currucoides</em>), las golondrinas verdemar (<em>Tachycineta thalassina</em>) que alimentaban a sus crías. Todos desaparecidos. La colonia donde anidaban las golondrinas ribereñas (<em>Riparia riparia</em>) está vacia. Es demasiado tarde para decirles un adiós. </p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Las aves en la migración otoñal</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="821" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/624094888-1024x821.jpg" alt="A Wilson's warbler forages in a fall red-osier dogwood." class="wp-image-5262" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/624094888-1024x821.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/624094888-300x241.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/624094888-768x616.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/624094888.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Chipe corona negra.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-48b91ea30de1350fef03e6736d266199 wp-block-paragraph">Pero esperemos ya en silencio, prestando atención. Vigila los cerezos silvestres, afina tus ojos al revoloteo callado de un chipe buscando alimento. Busca los sonidos imperceptibles, las llamadas quietas <em>sip, chip</em>. Los cerezos están llenos de aves, aves del norte. Gorriones garganta blanca (<em>Zonotrichia albicollis</em>) y gorriones de Lincoln (<em>Melospiza lincolnii</em>), chipes rabadilla amarilla (<em>Setophaga coronata</em>) y chipes corona negra (<em>Cardellina pusilla</em>). Y una llamada intensa y diferente, un movimiento rápido, un atisbo de algo interesante. Ahí está de nuevo, gris y amarillo claro en un patrón diferente. Un chipe de pechera (<em>Geothlypis philadelphia</em>), un ave que anida en parches de arbustos dentro del bosque boreal, más al norte. Es la primera vez que he visto esta especie.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="987" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/DSCN8732-1024x987.jpg" alt="Mourning warbler." class="wp-image-5263" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/DSCN8732-1024x987.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/DSCN8732-300x289.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/DSCN8732-768x740.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/DSCN8732.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Chipe de pechera.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Gorriones y tecolotes</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/PXL_20250906_030704176.NIGHT_-1024x768.jpg" alt="Eastern screech-owl habitat, pre-dawn." class="wp-image-5264" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/PXL_20250906_030704176.NIGHT_-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/PXL_20250906_030704176.NIGHT_-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/PXL_20250906_030704176.NIGHT_-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/PXL_20250906_030704176.NIGHT_.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">El hábitat del tecolote del este antes del alba. </figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-8e6ecf0e718b70b2d77c00fafec9806a wp-block-paragraph">A veces no hay nada. Las hojas de los alamillos ondean, diciéndole un adiós final al verano. Me pregunto dónde están las bandadas migratorias.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-c01aa7164a2d3e583c68bac51991d50f wp-block-paragraph">Hay veces también cuando la maleza en la orilla del río se pone animada con tantos gorriones, y se escuchan las llamadas <em>sip</em> y <em>chip</em> entre la mostacilla (<em>Sisymbrium loeselii</em>) y el abrojo (<em>Xanthium strumarium</em>).&nbsp;</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-26910deb86a49c3a8273cd6255bc95d5 wp-block-paragraph">Llega un alba fría y un tecolote del este (<em>Megascops asio</em>) relincha desde los alamillos. </p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-f97e7cc0e3cead0b2b293925ca0c38f9 wp-block-paragraph">Un terreno ignorado lleno de ramas caídas y plumones de cardo (<em>Cirsium arvense</em>) se llena de gorriones, cientos de ellos: los esbeltos gorriones cejas blancas (<em>Spizella passerina</em>) y gorriones pálidos (<em>Spizella pallida</em>), los corpulentos gorriones garganta blanca y gorriones corona blanca (<em>Zonotrichia leucophrys</em>), la llamada metálica <em>¡tin!</em> de un gorrión pantanero (<em>Melospiza georgiana</em>).</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="904" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/DSCN8872-1024x904.jpg" alt="A Lincoln's sparrow among the Canada thistle." class="wp-image-5265" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/DSCN8872-1024x904.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/DSCN8872-300x265.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/DSCN8872-768x678.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/DSCN8872.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Un gorrión de Lincoln se percha entre los cardos.</figcaption></figure>
</div>

<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/DSCN8876-1024x768.jpg" alt="Clay-colored sparrow in fall migration." class="wp-image-5266" style="width:920px;height:auto" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/DSCN8876-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/DSCN8876-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/DSCN8876-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/DSCN8876.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Un gorrión pálido en su migración de otoño. </figcaption></figure>
</div>

<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="835" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/DSCN8719-1024x835.jpg" alt="A white-throated sparrow at the edge of a chokecherry thicket." class="wp-image-5267" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/DSCN8719-1024x835.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/DSCN8719-300x245.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/DSCN8719-768x626.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/DSCN8719.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Un gorrión garganta blanca en el exterior de un matorral de cerezo silvestre. </figcaption></figure>
</div>


<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Las curvas de la migración del otoño</h3>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-239369309debc261409776fc2b04a728 wp-block-paragraph">Las aves migratorias no siempre vuelan al sur. Este otoño estudio los mapas de distribución y aprendo de las aves del bosque boreal que pasan la temporada reproductiva directamente al norte de mi estado, pero cuyas migraciones curvan hacia el este por las Grandes Llanuras. Nunca las he visto en Helena. Pero aquí por las llanuras del este de Montana, entre los cercos vivos, los parques municipales y los fresnos y arbustos de las cañadas, con suerte las vamos a encontrar:</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/PXL_20250913_134956239-1024x768.jpg" alt="Fall comes to a green ash draw in eastern Montana." class="wp-image-5268" style="object-fit:cover" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/PXL_20250913_134956239-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/PXL_20250913_134956239-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/PXL_20250913_134956239-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/PXL_20250913_134956239.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">El otoño llega a una cañada llena de fresnos americanos (<em>Fraxinus pennsylvanica</em>) al este de Montana. </figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-054b6789e5e3780fe3c78c580e1f1305 wp-block-paragraph">chipes de pechera, chipes atigrados (<em>Setophaga tigrina</em>) y pinzones colorados (<em>Haemorhous purpureus</em>),</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/DSCN9161-1024x768.jpg" alt="Cape May warbler." class="wp-image-5269" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/DSCN9161-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/DSCN9161-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/DSCN9161-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/DSCN9161.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Chipe atigrado.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="969" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/DSCN8838-1024x969.jpg" alt="Purple finch (a female or juvenile)." class="wp-image-5271" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/DSCN8838-1024x969.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/DSCN8838-300x284.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/DSCN8838-768x727.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/DSCN8838.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Un pinzón colorado (hembra o juvenil). </figcaption></figure>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-0b671c161ffcf10c149e816fb6f00f9e wp-block-paragraph">Vireos de Filadelfia (<em>Vireo philadelphicus</em>), golondrinas azulnegras (<em>Progne subis</em>) y colibríes garganta rubí (<em>Archilochus colubris</em>),</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="902" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/DSCN9143-1024x902.jpg" alt="Philadelphia vireo." class="wp-image-5270" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/DSCN9143-1024x902.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/DSCN9143-300x264.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/DSCN9143-768x676.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/DSCN9143.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Vireo de Filadelfia.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-3fdd124bcb5d6290628ac3a1ecba2324 wp-block-paragraph">manchitas de plumas y corazones que laten rápidamente, haciendo un viaje que nunca voy a comprender.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-d3cad7b8eeda430cdef1ce4d09d1a23c wp-block-paragraph">Basta una sola mañana observando estos cerezos silvestres, maleza y matorral abundar con tantas aves rumbo al sur</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/PXL_20250906_132153157-1024x768.jpg" alt="Chokecherries on a cold (and very birdy) September morning." class="wp-image-5272" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/PXL_20250906_132153157-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/PXL_20250906_132153157-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/PXL_20250906_132153157-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/PXL_20250906_132153157.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Los cerezos silvestres durante una mañana fría de septiembre con mucha actividad de aves. </figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-8d278f7b0f767936ee57e9ed0cf5425f wp-block-paragraph">para enamorarme, una y otra vez</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-5a6412537e7c00329a83d056b2aed533 wp-block-paragraph">de cerezos silvestres,</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-04f1560b0e5a5e6e5692502cd6c109aa wp-block-paragraph">parches de maleza,</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-9170891cbac46b635444bcc6946c872a wp-block-paragraph">hojas de alamillo ondeando un adiós</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-fefece0fb1d2a58289af0f23cf2e5456 wp-block-paragraph">y tecolotes cantando en el alba fría de septiembre. </p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="876" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/497378591-1024x876.jpg" alt="A young white-crowned sparrow feeds among a weedy October patch of kochia (Kochia scoparia)." class="wp-image-5274" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/497378591-1024x876.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/497378591-300x257.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/497378591-768x657.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/497378591.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Un gorrión corona blanca juvenil se alimenta de semillas entre un parche de maleza (Kochia scoparia) cubierta en la nieve de octubre.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Posdata</h3>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-3fd7a1a6d72b21cbbfdfcb267e266d86 wp-block-paragraph">Para mí esta historia es muy especial—y más especial aún porque es mi última antes de tomar una pausa. Al final del podcast he compartido unos detalles sobre esta decisión. </p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-7f88407c18d796062b6ed71d01e96aac wp-block-paragraph">Producir un podcast independiente no es fácil, y eso es una de las razones por las que quiero tomar una pausa. Mientras tanto, te sigo agradeciendo mucho por todas las maneras en las que apoyas este proyecto! Compartir mis podcasts es una gran ayuda, y dejarme un rating en tu plataforma favorita de podcast también me ayuda. Y desde luego, mis patrocinadores en Patreon son los que han sostenido mi trabajo hasta este momento. (Si eres uno de mis patrocinadores, no te preocupes—no se te va a cobrar tu apoyo mensual hasta que yo comience de nuevo con la producción del podcast.) Si aún no eres un patrocinador pero te interesa considerarlo, por favor chécalo en <a href="https://www.patreon.com/wildwithnature" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.patreon.com/wildwithnature</a>. Hacer un podcast a veces puede sentirse muy solo, pero saber que estás ahí conmigo ayuda mucho. </p>
<p>The post <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2025/10/01/aves-migracion-de-otono/">Las aves y la migración de otoño</a> appeared first on <a href="https://wildwithnature.com">Wild With Nature</a>.</p>
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		<title>The silence before the cuckoo&#8217;s song</title>
		<link>https://wildwithnature.com/2025/09/01/the-silence-before-the-cuckoos-song/</link>
					<comments>https://wildwithnature.com/2025/09/01/the-silence-before-the-cuckoos-song/#comments</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Shane Sater]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 01 Sep 2025 16:52:59 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Birds]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[English-language stories]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Plants]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Water]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Bubo virginianus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Chamerion angustifolium]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Chordeiles minor]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Coccyzus erythropthalmus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Falco sparverius]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Fraxinus pennsylvanica]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Icteria virens]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Icterus spurius]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Megascops guatemalae]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Pheucticus melanocephalus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Prunus virginiana]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Rubus idaeus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Toxostoma rufum]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Troglodytes aedon]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://wildwithnature.com/?p=5195</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>July 9, 2025, Highwood Creek, Chouteau County, Montana. I hear it as soon as I step out of the car, that resonant, knocking cucucu that [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2025/09/01/the-silence-before-the-cuckoos-song/">The silence before the cuckoo&#8217;s song</a> appeared first on <a href="https://wildwithnature.com">Wild With Nature</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<figure class="wp-block-image size-full is-resized"><a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2025/09/01/el-silencio-antes-del-canto-del-cuclillo/"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="706" height="181" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-en-2.jpg" alt="Bilingual nature podcast" class="wp-image-3486" style="width:auto;height:100px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-en-2.jpg 706w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-en-2-300x77.jpg 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 706px) 100vw, 706px" /></a></figure>



<iframe data-testid="embed-iframe" style="border-radius:12px" src="https://open.spotify.com/embed/episode/5P4c2BDG96eTcNKzzWX8yY?utm_source=generator&#038;t=0" width="100%" height="152" frameBorder="0" allowfullscreen="" allow="autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; fullscreen; picture-in-picture" loading="lazy"></iframe>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/PXL_20250709_140156632-1024x768.jpg" alt="Black-billed cuckoo habitat along Highwood Creek." class="wp-image-5197" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/PXL_20250709_140156632-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/PXL_20250709_140156632-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/PXL_20250709_140156632-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/PXL_20250709_140156632.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Black-billed cuckoo habitat along Highwood Creek.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-0a3f3067e6a801e89666c39371e2f00e wp-block-paragraph"><em>July 9, 2025, Highwood Creek, Chouteau County, Montana. </em>I hear it as soon as I step out of the car, that resonant, knocking <em>cucucu</em> that I’ve been listening for all across Montana this summer. Black-billed cuckoo (<em>Coccyzus erythropthalmus</em>)! My hands are shaking and my heart is thumping as I start recording with my phone, just in case the cuckoo doesn’t sing for very long. I hurry to pull my parabolic recorder out of the car, turn it on, waste precious seconds debating whether to bother with the headphones. I slip one headphone on, aim the parabola, and press record. The cuckoo keeps singing.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-9ec35ba288c655654e1f08c91dd37fad wp-block-paragraph">The wild red raspberries (<em>Rubus idaeus</em>) are ripe along Highwood Creek and the fireweed (<em>Chamerion angustifolium</em>) is blooming. The cuckoo is singing from a patch of cottonwood gallery forest sandwiched between the creek, the gravel county road, and a driveway. I walk a bit closer along the road. The singing stops. A slender bird with a long tail and a very white belly sails across the driveway and disappears into a dense clump of chokecherries.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Somewhere among the forest</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/PXL_20250709_140044616-1024x768.jpg" alt="The forest along Highwood Creek, looking downstream." class="wp-image-5198" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/PXL_20250709_140044616-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/PXL_20250709_140044616-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/PXL_20250709_140044616-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/PXL_20250709_140044616.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">The forest along Highwood Creek, looking downstream.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-9bfe1257fc1d967936634edcdee51e89 wp-block-paragraph">The cuckoo sings again from the chokecherries (<em>Prunus virginiana</em>), <em>cucucu, cucucu</em>, rhythmic and soothing. A minute or two later, I hear it again farther downstream. It must have slipped out of the chokecherries without me noticing.&nbsp;</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-e636ba48c4a1fd0436566fbab9f281ff wp-block-paragraph">Then it falls silent. I wait 15 minutes. Nothing. Only the song of a black-headed grosbeak (<em>Pheucticus melanocephalus</em>) fills the cottonwoods. But the cuckoo is out there, somewhere, a silent shadow among the shrubs. The memory of its voice reverberates in my body: a mystery. A reminder. A call to understand. There is more going on in this changeable forest than we can possibly know.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-090dd55c4f56ed51b427d586e12887db wp-block-paragraph">It was music that brought Anna Kurtin to the cuckoos—music and a curiosity about secretive wildlife. After a childhood near Austin, Texas and a biology degree at the University of Texas at Austin, she began working for the National Park Service in Arizona studying bats and spotted owls. The challenge of finding these elusive animals and a childhood love of music—playing percussion, specifically—came together to draw her deeper into acoustic methods of monitoring mysterious wildlife. And in 2022 this interest brought her to the University of Montana, where a team of biologists and conservationists had already begun to coalesce around black-billed cuckoos and was seeking a graduate student.&nbsp;</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">July silence</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="899" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/IMG_20200901_204226821-1024x899.jpg" alt="Nighttime in the cottonwood forest." class="wp-image-5206" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/IMG_20200901_204226821-1024x899.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/IMG_20200901_204226821-300x263.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/IMG_20200901_204226821-768x674.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/IMG_20200901_204226821.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Nighttime in the cottonwood forest.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-4515505bd386f492f4d57ea149f24b4a wp-block-paragraph">In Montana there’s a long time in the July night when the cottonwood forest is nearly silent. Nobody sings; only the faint burbling of the water ripples the stillness. Perhaps a fledgling great horned owl (<em>Bubo virginianus</em>) screeches once in a while. And amid the silence, if you’re lucky, you might hear the croaking flight call of a black-billed cuckoo passing by overhead. In some parts of the breeding range, observers have heard as many as six cuckoos flying past in the night, making these calls. Why do they do this? We still don’t know. Are they venturing forth to forage, heading out to feed on caterpillars in the dark? Sometimes people also hear cuckoos singing during the night, that distinctive <em>cucucu</em> ringing out from the depths of the forest.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-021e8bc3a32eef3544eb280caf2c5fdd wp-block-paragraph">If only we could be in multiple places at once, listening night and day for the sound of a cuckoo. Perhaps then we could begin to answer some of the many mysteries about these birds. But there <em>was</em> a way to do this, it turned out, a device known as an autonomous recording unit (ARU). An ARU is simply a battery-powered microphone with a memory card. By placing ARUs along eastern Montana’s river valleys, Anna’s team hoped to be able to find more cuckoos.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">In search of black-billed cuckoos</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="683" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/BBCU_ARU_install_Peter_Dudley-1024x683.jpg" alt="Members of the Montana black-billed cuckoo team install an ARU. Photo by Peter Dudley." class="wp-image-5208" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/BBCU_ARU_install_Peter_Dudley-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/BBCU_ARU_install_Peter_Dudley-300x200.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/BBCU_ARU_install_Peter_Dudley-768x512.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/BBCU_ARU_install_Peter_Dudley.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Black-billed cuckoo team members from Montana Audubon (Bo Crees, Amy Seaman) and the University of Montana Bird Ecology Lab (Lynette Williams) install an ARU. Photo by Peter Dudley.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-287ee9dbd10b10ec0446e054fb0d75f5 wp-block-paragraph">In 2022 and 2023, Anna and her collaborators—Dr. Erim Gómez and the Charismatic Minifauna Lab at the University of Montana, Anna Noson and the University of Montana Bird Ecology Lab, Dr. Andy Boyce and the Smithsonian Migratory Bird Center, and biologists at Montana Fish, Wildlife, and Parks and Montana Audubon—set out ARUs in a variety of habitats along the Missouri, Musselshell, and Yellowstone Rivers. These general areas were already known from previous sightings and habitat modeling as some of the best in Montana for black-billed cuckoos. But the team wanted to gain a finer-scale understanding of where cuckoos were, where they weren’t, and why. </p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-07ce831b3eb2d9be17c5666e6ca7d98f wp-block-paragraph">They programmed each ARU to record sounds for four half-hour blocks each day, two at night and two during the morning. (If they had left the units running 24/7, they would have rapidly depleted the batteries and memory cards.) They left recorders out from early to late summer to capture the black-billed cuckoo breeding period.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">38,000 hours</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="1013" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/621292273-1024x1013.jpg" alt="Orchard oriole." class="wp-image-5200" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/621292273-1024x1013.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/621292273-300x297.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/621292273-768x760.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/621292273.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Orchard oriole.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-7b523df96ef5345baea0316b3d815e8a wp-block-paragraph">Two seasons of the constantly-changing music of the cottonwood forest elapsed. Yellow-breasted chats (<em>Icteria virens</em>) sang, and orchard orioles (<em>Icterus spurius</em>). Great horned owls hooted in the night. July brought an emergence of hungry baby birds, and a flood of fledgling northern house wrens (<em>Troglodytes aedon</em>) begged harshly. The battery-powered microphones flicked on and off, logging it all in half-hour snapshots. In all, over 38,000 hours of audio. And somewhere within those thousands and thousands of hours, perhaps, were the songs and flight calls of black-billed cuckoos.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-d4ca1e43669d4d3d5520dc022e68b81a wp-block-paragraph">Now came the many months of intensive computer work. Developing a machine-learning algorithm with collaborators from the Kitzes Lab at the University of Pittsburgh to sort out cuckoo sounds from everything else. Listening to countless hours of audio to test the algorithm. Compiling habitat data the team had collected in the field. Building statistical models to account for factors such as background sound, vegetation density, and time of year that might affect cuckoo detections. More models to characterize the habitats where cuckoos called and whether the same habitat factors also correlated with frequency of calling. All of the quiet, painstaking, methodical work of a Master’s project.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Finding Montana&#8217;s black-billed cuckoos</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="797" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/BBCU-Ian-Van-Coller-Dailey-Lake-Park-Co-6-28-25-1024x797.png" alt="Black-billed cuckoo at Dailey Lake, Park County, Montana. Photo by Ian van Coller." class="wp-image-5201" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/BBCU-Ian-Van-Coller-Dailey-Lake-Park-Co-6-28-25-1024x797.png 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/BBCU-Ian-Van-Coller-Dailey-Lake-Park-Co-6-28-25-300x233.png 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/BBCU-Ian-Van-Coller-Dailey-Lake-Park-Co-6-28-25-768x598.png 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/BBCU-Ian-Van-Coller-Dailey-Lake-Park-Co-6-28-25.png 1122w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Black-billed cuckoo at Dailey Lake, Park County, Montana, June 2025. Photo by Ian van Coller.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-c9876f608a6e6c0b91a8639601d900c3 wp-block-paragraph">At last, the results. Of the 41 sites where Anna and her team placed ARUs in 2022—all of them spots where cuckoos had been observed in previous years—they documented black-billed cuckoos at 12. In 2023, they expanded their sampling to 107 sites, including both known cuckoo spots from previous years and never-before-surveyed sites spread across multiple habitats within the same river valleys. That year, they found cuckoos at 20 of 107 sites.&nbsp;</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-5e42d42ec93be96001577138a86d1836 wp-block-paragraph">In 2022, Anna and her team fine-tuned when to set out ARUs and when to pick them up to capture a full cuckoo breeding season. 2023 gave them this full seasonal picture—and they found that calling activity varied strongly throughout the summer. Black-billed cuckoos called relatively frequently throughout June and the first half of July, during the day and less frequently at night. But after July 18, calling activity declined precipitously. If 2023 was at all representative, it would seem that the chances of hearing a cuckoo in Montana after mid-July become very slim.&nbsp;</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Modeling cuckoo habitat</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/PXL_20250525_134727774-1024x768.jpg" alt="An extensive cottonwood forest with a tall, shrubby understory along the Yellowstone River in Richland County, Montana. Andrew Guttenberg and Dalton Spencer photographed a black-billed cuckoo here in 2022." class="wp-image-5202" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/PXL_20250525_134727774-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/PXL_20250525_134727774-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/PXL_20250525_134727774-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/PXL_20250525_134727774.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">An extensive cottonwood forest with a tall, shrubby understory along the Yellowstone River in Richland County, Montana. Andrew Guttenberg and Dalton Spencer photographed a black-billed cuckoo here in 2022.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-5bb4d282fe12dd7326095c7fdfb4d9ad wp-block-paragraph">The habitat models added more detail to previous notions of what an “ideal” black-billed cuckoo habitat might look along eastern Montana’s rivers. To find a place that might be good for cuckoos: Look for landscapes where the river&#8217;s-edge forest canopy is extensive—landscapes, perhaps, where the cottonwoods (<em>Populus </em>spp.), willows (<em>Salix </em>spp.), and green ashes (<em>Fraxinus pennsylvanica</em>) stretch for miles. As you walk across this landscape, look for patches hundreds of yards wide where there’s lots of variation in the canopy height of the forest, where old trees and younger ones mix.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-28b5084ed006d2dc1d55717dc7718f01 wp-block-paragraph">Search for spots where there are tall shrubs like chokecherries in the understory. Stay away from places where the conifers intrude and avoid areas close to the river crowded with single-age stands of young cottonwood and willow saplings. Instead, look for patches with lots of vertical complexity: areas where younger and older trees mix, creating a more variable canopy. And maybe, just maybe, you’ll hear a cuckoo.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Return to the Marias River</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/PXL_20250707_040633220-1024x768.jpg" alt="Extensive cottonwood forest along the Marias River on a moonlit night in July." class="wp-image-5203" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/PXL_20250707_040633220-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/PXL_20250707_040633220-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/PXL_20250707_040633220-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/PXL_20250707_040633220-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/PXL_20250707_040633220-2048x1536.jpg 2048w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Extensive cottonwood forest along the Marias River on a moonlit night in July.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-3fb706ee19d6ed5ab5dcf9e74def3f9f wp-block-paragraph"><em>July 6, 2025</em>. In three more days I’ll get to hear the black-billed cuckoo along Highwood Creek, but I still have no clue of that. This evening I’ve returned to <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2025/08/01/how-to-not-find-black-billed-cuckoos/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">the Marias River where I listened for cuckoos in early June</a>, the patch where Anna Fasoli heard them singing in 2021. Common nighthawks (<em>Chordeiles minor</em>) <em>peent</em> in the gathering darkness as I hike down to the river and pitch my tent near the cottonwoods. But then the night deepens into that July silence. No cuckoo song reaches my ears, no croaking flight call. No black-billed cuckoo wakes me from my dreams.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="853" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/638902437-1024x853.jpg" alt="A brown thrasher carrying food to a fledgling." class="wp-image-5204" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/638902437-1024x853.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/638902437-300x250.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/638902437-768x640.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/638902437.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A brown thrasher carrying food to a fledgling.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-1d1954cc14c63723e7e8ca1720eaf0ae wp-block-paragraph">I get up in the morning to the shrill calls of a family group of American kestrels (<em>Falco sparverius</em>) as the sun lights up the trees. An adult brown thrasher (<em>Toxostoma rufum</em>) feeds a begging juvenile, then launches into an extended bout of song. A flood of young northern house wrens begs from the forest undergrowth. The brown thrasher keeps singing for a long time—loudly—though I didn’t hear him at all last month. Will I have the same luck with a cuckoo? But as I wander around in this constantly-changing forest, neither a croak nor a <em>cucucu</em> reaches my ears.&nbsp;</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">When we don&#8217;t find cuckoos</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/PXL_20250707_135204098-1024x768.jpg" alt="Potential black-billed cuckoo habitat along the Marias River, but no sign of them in 2025." class="wp-image-5205" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/PXL_20250707_135204098-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/PXL_20250707_135204098-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/PXL_20250707_135204098-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/PXL_20250707_135204098.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Potential black-billed cuckoo habitat along the Marias River, but no sign of them here in 2025.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-41ba137590ab5ac255f94dfbf90eabd3 wp-block-paragraph">If I could convert myself into a sound recorder and stay here for weeks or months, would I finally hear a cuckoo? Or is this extensive cottonwood forest like most of Anna Kurtin’s 2022 sites: a place that had cuckoos in a past year, a place where the habitat seems okay, but with no cuckoos now?</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-5d788e5e7731790b43bcd49d610bd303 wp-block-paragraph">Anna points out how variable these birds can be from year to year, or even within a single summer. There’s the research of Claire Johnson and Thomas Benson in Illinois, which strongly suggests that black-billed cuckoos can move widely even within a single breeding season. All of it highlights that for a species so secretive and so mobile, even answering a simple question like “where are the cuckoos?” is incredibly difficult.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Fall migration</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/PXL_20230929_032802024-1024x768.jpg" alt="September in the cottonwood forest. Will a migrating cuckoo give its flight call as it passes overhead?" class="wp-image-5199" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/PXL_20230929_032802024-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/PXL_20230929_032802024-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/PXL_20230929_032802024-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/PXL_20230929_032802024.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">September in the cottonwood forest. Will a migrating cuckoo give its flight call as it passes overhead?</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-a3bb9754ac58e687c43090af63917f4a wp-block-paragraph">We don’t know exactly when black-billed cuckoos leave Montana in the fall. Across the breeding range, sightings diminish markedly between August and September. Migrating at night, they join a tide of birds in motion, a nocturnal wave headed south. They pass by almost unnoticed, guided by the stars. An invisible marathon through dark skies, a lonely flight call over the sleeping earth.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/PXL_20241207_121522210-1024x768.jpg" alt="Sunrise in the Sierra Sur of Oaxaca, Mexico. Black-billed cuckoos have never been seen in this area, but there are reports during migration throughout Central America just a bit farther south and east." class="wp-image-5207" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/PXL_20241207_121522210-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/PXL_20241207_121522210-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/PXL_20241207_121522210-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/PXL_20241207_121522210.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Sunrise in the Sierra Sur of Oaxaca, Mexico. Black-billed cuckoos have never been seen in this area, but there are reports during migration throughout Central America just a bit farther south and east.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-44299cbdcbf891a26ea5f83194627926 wp-block-paragraph">By the end of September they start arriving in parts of Honduras and Nicaragua, where the Middle American screech-owls (<em>Megascops guatemalae</em>) trill at dawn. They keep advancing southward and make it to Colombia, Ecuador, the Amazon region of Peru and Bolivia. And then they almost disappear. For the three months between December and February, all that we know about black-billed cuckoos comes from a few dozen observations. Even where they are in this season is rather a mystery—let alone what they’re doing, what their lives are like in this vast, biodiverse region. And if it’s hard to study such a secretive bird in June and July, it’s even harder in January, when the cuckoos are silent.&nbsp;</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Black-billed cuckoos across the Americas</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="722" height="1024" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/BBCU_Loma_2021_BoCrees1-722x1024.jpg" alt="A black-billed cuckoo along the Missouri River downstream of Loma, Montana, June 2021. Photo by Bo Crees." class="wp-image-5209" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/BBCU_Loma_2021_BoCrees1-722x1024.jpg 722w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/BBCU_Loma_2021_BoCrees1-212x300.jpg 212w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/BBCU_Loma_2021_BoCrees1-768x1089.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/BBCU_Loma_2021_BoCrees1-1084x1536.jpg 1084w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/BBCU_Loma_2021_BoCrees1.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 722px) 100vw, 722px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A black-billed cuckoo along the Missouri River downstream of Loma, Montana, June 2021. Photo by Bo Crees.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-741f04d336c66ab649011eba7c58ddc6 wp-block-paragraph">But here, too, are people who fall in love with the cuckoos and try to understand them. During the Covid pandemic, a team of researchers at SELVA, a Colombian non-profit dedicated to conservation in the Neotropics, began a study of black-billed cuckoos. The team carried out cuckoo censuses in Ecuador and identified an important region for nonbreeding cuckoos in El Oro Province, in southern Ecuador. They also fitted three cuckoos in Colombia with radio transmitters, hoping to learn more about their migratory paths using the international <a href="https://motus.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Motus network</a> of radio receivers.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-8591c3921bbf4751cd906aaeef855eb5 wp-block-paragraph">Although two of the cuckoos with radio transmitters disappeared without a further trace, one of them later showed up in North America, pinging Motus towers near Lake Erie and Lake Ontario. But sadly, the project’s funding did not continue. The biology of the black-billed cuckoo remains little-known in this region; but the team from SELVA is determined to find a way to continue with this research in the near future.&nbsp;</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-f720e121cae7d4999670f2c90fcf556e wp-block-paragraph">The more that I learn about black-billed cuckoos, the more they fascinate me. A migration in the dark; a silent and little-known life in the tropical forest; a population decline that we still don’t understand well. Waiting in the silence of the July night among Montana’s cottonwoods, almost without breathing, waiting for the voice of a cuckoo. You might hear it, but most likely you won’t. And among all of the unknowns, a network of people, from Montana and Illinois to Colombia and Ecuador, who join together to try to understand cuckoos and help them.&nbsp;</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Afterword</h3>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-96152838e2eb0fd2bab322162dac1b90 wp-block-paragraph">Something that I find very striking about black-billed cuckoos is the degree of collaboration they seem to inspire. Many thanks to Anna Kurtin and Dr. Camila Gómez (SELVA) for their participation in this story, and to their research teams for all of their contributions to our understanding of cuckoos. To learn more about all of the ongoing research and conservation projects at SELVA and to support this important work, visit <a href="https://www.selva.org.co/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.selva.org.co/</a>. Thanks to Harriet Marble for telling me about a possible black-billed cuckoo report near the Highwood Mountains, which finally allowed me to observe one! Finally, thanks to Tim Spahr for his permission to include his black-billed cuckoo song and flight call recordings in the podcast, and to Ian van Coller, Bo Crees, and Peter Dudley for letting me include their photos (one of Bo&#8217;s photos is also featured in this page&#8217;s banner).</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Further reading</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/BBCU_Wyola_2023_BoCrees-1024x768.jpg" alt="A black-billed cuckoo near Wyola, Montana, May 2023. Photo by Bo Crees." class="wp-image-5210" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/BBCU_Wyola_2023_BoCrees-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/BBCU_Wyola_2023_BoCrees-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/BBCU_Wyola_2023_BoCrees-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/BBCU_Wyola_2023_BoCrees.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A black-billed cuckoo near Wyola, Montana, May 2023. Photo by Bo Crees.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-9235fef2ac5718fb076678a8ebc1e1c1 wp-block-paragraph">Hughes, J.M. (2020). Black-billed cuckoo (Coccyzus erythropthalmus), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (A.F. Poole, editor). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. <a href="https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkbcuc/cur/introduction" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkbcuc/cur/introduction</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-a9f87e06dd100353c7874a6c6f59727d wp-block-paragraph">Johnson, C.A. (2021). Detection, habitat use, and occupancy dynamics of black-billed cuckoos and yellow-billed cuckoos in Illinois. M.Sc. thesis. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. <a href="https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/items/118405" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/items/118405</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-500e3b80d8690b3d7bfc870add6b86cd wp-block-paragraph">Johnson, C.A. &amp; Benson, T.J. (2022). Dynamic occupancy models reveal black-billed and yellow-billed cuckoos have high rates of turnover during the breeding season. <em>Ornithological Applications</em> 124(3): duac021. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/ornithapp/duac021" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://doi.org/10.1093/ornithapp/duac021</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-05fb8fdafe1c612872d4959c02e94685 wp-block-paragraph">Kurtin, A.M. (2025). Comparing survey methods and investigating habitat use of black-billed cuckoos (<em>Coccyzus erythropthalmus</em>) in the Northern Great Plains. M.Sc. thesis. Missoula, MT: University of Montana. <a href="https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/12436/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/12436/</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-a14ac5ccde80f73a535e353d27275eb4 wp-block-paragraph">Marks, J.S., Hendricks, P. &amp; Casey, D. (2016). Birds of Montana. Arrington, VA: Buteo Books.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"></p>
<p>The post <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2025/09/01/the-silence-before-the-cuckoos-song/">The silence before the cuckoo&#8217;s song</a> appeared first on <a href="https://wildwithnature.com">Wild With Nature</a>.</p>
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		<item>
		<title>El silencio antes del canto del cuclillo</title>
		<link>https://wildwithnature.com/2025/09/01/el-silencio-antes-del-canto-del-cuclillo/</link>
					<comments>https://wildwithnature.com/2025/09/01/el-silencio-antes-del-canto-del-cuclillo/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Shane Sater]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 01 Sep 2025 16:43:44 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Agua]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Aves]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Historias en español]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Plantas]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Bubo virginianus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Chamerion angustifolium]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Chordeiles minor]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Coccyzus erythropthalmus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Falco sparverius]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Fraxinus pennsylvanica]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Icteria virens]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Icterus spurius]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Megascops guatemalae]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Pheucticus melanocephalus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Prunus virginiana]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Rubus idaeus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Toxostoma rufum]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Troglodytes aedon]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://wildwithnature.com/?p=5219</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>9 de julio de 2025, el Arroyo Highwood, Condado de Chouteau, Montana, EU. Lo escucho inmediatamente al bajar del carro, ese cucucú resonante que he [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2025/09/01/el-silencio-antes-del-canto-del-cuclillo/">El silencio antes del canto del cuclillo</a> appeared first on <a href="https://wildwithnature.com">Wild With Nature</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<figure class="wp-block-image size-full is-resized"><a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2025/09/01/the-silence-before-the-cuckoos-song/"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="734" height="188" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-es-2.jpg" alt="Podcast bilingüe de la naturaleza" class="wp-image-3489" style="width:auto;height:100px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-es-2.jpg 734w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-es-2-300x77.jpg 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 734px) 100vw, 734px" /></a></figure>



<iframe data-testid="embed-iframe" style="border-radius:12px" src="https://open.spotify.com/embed/episode/4QYLaWYF235CAoG2kXiINk?utm_source=generator&#038;t=0" width="100%" height="152" frameBorder="0" allowfullscreen="" allow="autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; fullscreen; picture-in-picture" loading="lazy"></iframe>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/PXL_20250709_140156632-1024x768.jpg" alt="Black-billed cuckoo habitat along Highwood Creek." class="wp-image-5197" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/PXL_20250709_140156632-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/PXL_20250709_140156632-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/PXL_20250709_140156632-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/PXL_20250709_140156632.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">El hábitat del cuclillo pico negro por el Arroyo Highwood. </figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-b8b171e1b957444bbe53733c3ec6fdb8 wp-block-paragraph"><em>9 de julio de 2025, el Arroyo Highwood, Condado de Chouteau, Montana, EU. </em>Lo escucho inmediatamente al bajar del carro, ese <em>cucucú</em> resonante que he estado buscando por todas partes de Montana este verano. ¡Un cuclillo pico negro (<em>Coccyzus erythropthalmus</em>)! Mis manos están temblando y mi corazón está latiendo fuerte mientras empiezo a grabar con mi teléfono, en caso de que el cuclillo pronto se calle. Con prisa saco mi grabadora parabólica del carro y la enciendo. Malgasto unos segundos preciosos debatiendo si usar los audífonos. Me pongo un solo audífono, apunto la parábola y empiezo a grabar. El cuclillo sigue cantando.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-3b1e2dd8b40d2b98544ad35231544175 wp-block-paragraph">Las frambuesas silvestres (<em>Rubus idaeus</em>) están maduras por el Arroyo Highwood y la hierba de los incendios (<em>Chamerion angustifolium</em>) está floreciendo. El cuclillo está cantando desde un parche de álamos entre el arroyo, una carretera de gravillas y la entrada a una casa. Me acerco un poco más por la carretera. Dejo de escuchar el canto. Un ave con la cola larga y el vientre muy blanco planea sobre la entrada y desaparece en una mata densa de cerezos silvestres (<em>Prunus virginiana</em>).</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Por algún lado del bosque</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/PXL_20250709_140044616-1024x768.jpg" alt="The forest along Highwood Creek, looking downstream." class="wp-image-5198" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/PXL_20250709_140044616-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/PXL_20250709_140044616-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/PXL_20250709_140044616-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/PXL_20250709_140044616.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">El bosque por el Arroyo Highwood, mirando aguas abajo.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-452460036162f94fc5e0b02a4670f24c wp-block-paragraph">El cuclillo vuelve a cantar desde los cerezos, <em>cucucú, cucucú</em>, un canto rítmico y relajante. Después de unos minutos más lo vuelvo a escuchar desde más lejos, aguas abajo. Aparentemente se fue de los cerezos sin que yo me diera cuenta.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-c48e02167cbbe7a19fc5a2fbb0780ca9 wp-block-paragraph">Entonces se calla. Espero 15 minutos. Nada. Sólo el canto de un picogordo tigrillo (<em>Pheucticus melanocephalus</em>) llena los álamos. Pero el cuclillo está ahí, en algún lugar, una sombra silente entre los arbustos. El recuerdo de su voz resuena en mi cuerpo: un misterio. Una remembranza. Una llamada a entender. Más está pasando en este bosque cambiable de lo que tenemos la capacidad de entender.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-76fb80bdb6746882ee18595bcd908bd7 wp-block-paragraph">Fue la música que trajo a Anna Kurtin a los cuclillos—la música y una curiosidad sobre los animales sigilosos. Después de una juventud cerca de Austin, Texas y una licenciatura en biología en la Universidad de Texas en Austin, empezó a trabajar para el Servicio Nacional de Parques en Arizona. Allá estudió a los murciélagos y al búho moteado (<em>Strix occidentalis</em>). El desafío de encontrar a estos animales escurridizos y el amor por la música de su juventud—cuando tocaba la percusión—se juntaron para inspirarla a profundizar más en los métodos acústicos de monitorear a animales misteriosos. Y en 2022 este interés la llevó a la Universidad de Montana, donde un equipo de biólogos y conservacionistas ya había empezado a unirse para estudiar a los cuclillos pico negro y estaba buscando a un estudiante de posgrado.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">El silencio de julio</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="899" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/IMG_20200901_204226821-1024x899.jpg" alt="Nighttime in the cottonwood forest." class="wp-image-5206" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/IMG_20200901_204226821-1024x899.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/IMG_20200901_204226821-300x263.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/IMG_20200901_204226821-768x674.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/IMG_20200901_204226821.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">La noche en el bosque de álamo.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-7e6cfc24795ec971fee3e9e761918d93 wp-block-paragraph">En Montana hay un tiempo largo durante la noche de julio cuando el bosque de álamo queda en silencio. Nadie canta; sólo el leve borboteo del agua interrumpe la calma. Quizás un búho cornudo (<em>Bubo virginianus</em>) joven chilla de vez en cuando. Y entre el silencio, si tienes mucha suerte, puede que escuches el croar que da el cuclillo pico negro mientras pasa volando por arriba. En algunas partes de la distribución reproductiva, se han escuchado hasta seis cuclillos pasar volando en la noche, haciendo estas llamadas. ¿Por qué lo hacen? Aún no lo sabemos. ¿Están saliendo para forrajear, volando hasta lejos para cazar orugas en la oscuridad? A veces también se escuchan a cuclillos cantando en la noche, ese <em>cucucú</em> distintivo emanando desde las profundidades del bosque.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-ee6a900a6cc37734d75c833b33f83936 wp-block-paragraph">Si sólo pudiéramos estar en varios lugares a la vez, escuchando noche y día por el sonido de un cuclillo. Tal vez así podríamos empezar a resolver algunas de los misterios de estas aves. Pero sí había una manera de hacerlo, resultó, un aparato conocido como una unidad autónoma de grabación (ARU, por sus siglas en inglés). Una unidad ARU simplemente es un micrófono con una batería y una tarjeta de memoria. Al instalar unidades ARU por los grandes ríos al este de Montana, el equipo de Anna esperaba poder encontrar a más cuclillos.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Buscando a los cuclillos pico negro</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="683" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/BBCU_ARU_install_Peter_Dudley-1024x683.jpg" alt="Members of the Montana black-billed cuckoo team install an ARU. Photo by Peter Dudley." class="wp-image-5208" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/BBCU_ARU_install_Peter_Dudley-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/BBCU_ARU_install_Peter_Dudley-300x200.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/BBCU_ARU_install_Peter_Dudley-768x512.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/BBCU_ARU_install_Peter_Dudley.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Colaboradores de Montana Audubon (Bo Crees, Amy Seaman) y el Laboratorio de Ecología Aviaria (Lynette Williams) instalan una unidad ARU. Foto por Peter Dudley.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-21e276b36a1736bf35807b763f325343 wp-block-paragraph">En 2022 y 2023, Anna y sus colaboradores—el doctor Erim Gómez y el Laboratorio de Minifauna Carismática de la Universidad de Montana, Anna Noson y el Laboratorio de Ecología Aviaria de la Universidad de Montana, el doctor Andy Boyce y el Centro de Aves Migratorias del Instituto Smithsonian, biólogos del Departamento de Peces, Vida Silvestre y Parques de Montana y biólogos de Montana Audubon—pusieron unidades ARU en una variedad de hábitats a lo largo de los Ríos Missouri, Musselshell y Yellowstone. Estas áreas generales ya se conocían por observaciones y modelos como algunas de las mejores en Montana para los cuclillos pico negro. Pero el equipo quería entender más precisamente dónde estaban los cuclillos, dónde no estaban y por qué.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-5a90104ef7bc35a65d2a80bacbf99fc7 wp-block-paragraph">Programaron cada unidad ARU para grabar sonidos durante cuatro periodos de 30 minutos cada día, dos en la noche y dos en la mañana. (Si hubieran dejado las unidades grabando de modo continuo, rápidamente habrían agotado las baterías y tarjetas de memoria.) Dejaron las unidades instaladas desde principios del verano hasta finales del verano para abarcar la temporada de reproducción del cuclillo pico negro. </p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">38,000 horas</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="1013" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/621292273-1024x1013.jpg" alt="Orchard oriole." class="wp-image-5200" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/621292273-1024x1013.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/621292273-300x297.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/621292273-768x760.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/621292273.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Calandria castaña.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-b6b74285ead28999c359e560f9f83090 wp-block-paragraph">Dos años de la música en cambio constante del bosque de álamo pasaron. Chipes grandes (<em>Icteria virens</em>) cantaron, y calandrias castañas (<em>Icterus spurius</em>). Búhos cornudos ulularon en la noche. Julio llegó con una emergencia de polluelos hambrientos y una inundación de saltaparedes comunes norteños (<em>Troglodytes aedon</em>) bebés dio llamadas ásperas, pidiendo alimento. Los micrófonos pequeños con sus baterías se encendían y se apagaban, grabándolo todo en segmentos de media hora cada uno. En total, ¡ el equipo recolectó más de 38,000 horas de audio! Y en algún lugar entre tantas miles y miles de horas, tal vez, estaban los cantos y las llamadas de vuelo de los cuclillos pico negro.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-604da9f2668c30d656029ff7fa8b5ab6 wp-block-paragraph">Ahora llegaron los meses intensivos de trabajo en la computadora. Desarrollando un algoritmo de aprendizaje automático con colaboradores del Laboratorio Kitzes de la Universidad de Pittsburgh para distinguir los sonidos de los cuclillos entre todo lo demás. Escuchando horas incontables de audio para checar el algoritmo. Juntando datos sobre el hábitat que el equipo había recolectado en el campo. Construyendo modelos estadísticos para considerar los factores como el nivel de ruido en el fondo, la densidad de vegetación y la época del año que podrían afectar la probabilidad de detectar a los cuclillos. Más modelos para describir los hábitats donde cantaban los cuclillos e investigar si los mismos factores de hábitat también se correlacionaban con la frecuencia de cantos. Todo el trabajo silencioso, metódico y minucioso de un proyecto de Maestría.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Encontrando los cuclillos pico negro en Montana</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="797" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/BBCU-Ian-Van-Coller-Dailey-Lake-Park-Co-6-28-25-1024x797.png" alt="Black-billed cuckoo at Dailey Lake, Park County, Montana. Photo by Ian van Coller." class="wp-image-5201" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/BBCU-Ian-Van-Coller-Dailey-Lake-Park-Co-6-28-25-1024x797.png 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/BBCU-Ian-Van-Coller-Dailey-Lake-Park-Co-6-28-25-300x233.png 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/BBCU-Ian-Van-Coller-Dailey-Lake-Park-Co-6-28-25-768x598.png 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/BBCU-Ian-Van-Coller-Dailey-Lake-Park-Co-6-28-25.png 1122w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Un cuclillo pico negro cerca del Lago Dailey, Condado de Park, Montana, junio de 2025. Foto por Ian van Coller.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-9f768055150a02d95e3e05c00e5de700 wp-block-paragraph">Al final, los resultados. Anna y su equipo instalaron unidades ARU en 41 sitios en 2022, de los cuales todos eran sitios donde se habían observado cuclillos en otros años. Documentaron a cuclillos pico negro en 12 de los 41. En 2023 expandieron su proyecto para incluir 107 sitios, incluyendo tanto sitios con registros previos de cuclillos como sitios sin registros previos en varios hábitats dentro de los mismos valles. Ese año, encontraron a cuclillos en 20 de 107 sitios. </p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-4f61ba9faddedca0429090343467d7a2 wp-block-paragraph">En 2022, Anna y su equipo afinaron en qué fechas instalar y recolectar las unidades ARU para capturar toda la temporada reproductiva de los cuclillos. El 2023 les dio esta imagen completa de la temporada—y descubrieron que la actividad vocal varía bastante a través del verano. Los cuclillos pico negro cantaron con más frecuencia en junio y la primera mitad de julio, más durante el día y menos durante la noche. Pero después del 18 de julio, la actividad vocal disminuyó abruptamente. Si 2023 fue un año típico, parecería que la probabilidad de escuchar a un cuclillo en Montana después de mediados de julio se desploma hacia cero.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Modelos del hábitat de los cuclillos</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/PXL_20250525_134727774-1024x768.jpg" alt="An extensive cottonwood forest with a tall, shrubby understory along the Yellowstone River in Richland County, Montana. Andrew Guttenberg and Dalton Spencer photographed a black-billed cuckoo here in 2022." class="wp-image-5202" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/PXL_20250525_134727774-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/PXL_20250525_134727774-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/PXL_20250525_134727774-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/PXL_20250525_134727774.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Un bosque de álamo extenso con una capa de arbustos altos por abajo al lado del Río Yellowstone en el Condado de Richland, Montana. Andrew Guttenberg y Dalton Spencer fotografiaron a un cuclillo pico negro aquí en 2022.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-83d3ed3b1c3f46b619a2f442e6bcc32c wp-block-paragraph">Los modelos de hábitat añadieron más detalle a las ideas previas sobre cómo se vería un hábitat &#8220;ideal&#8221; para los cuclillos pico negro por los ríos al este de Montana. Para encontrar un lugar que sea bueno para los cuclillos: Busca paisajes por los ríos donde los árboles sean extensos—paisajes, tal vez, donde los álamos (<em>Populus </em>spp.), sauces (<em>Salix </em>spp.) y fresnos (<em>Fraxinus pennsylvanica</em>) se extiendan por kilómetros. Mientras camines a través de este paisaje, busca áreas de cientos de metros de ancho donde haya mucha variación en la altura del dosel, donde se mezclen los árboles viejos y jóvenes.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-ee3006ae522c7276b7fe5c2334738de3 wp-block-paragraph">Busca lugares donde haya arbustos altos como cerezos silvestres debajo de los álamos. Evita lugares donde entren las coníferas o áreas al lado del río con parches de una sola edad de álamos y sauces jóvenes. En su vez, busca áreas con mucha complejidad vertical: donde los árboles viejos y jóvenes se mezclen, formando un dosel más variable. Y quizás, quizás, vayas a escuchar a un cuclillo.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Regresando al Río Marias</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/PXL_20250707_040633220-1024x768.jpg" alt="Extensive cottonwood forest along the Marias River on a moonlit night in July." class="wp-image-5203" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/PXL_20250707_040633220-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/PXL_20250707_040633220-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/PXL_20250707_040633220-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/PXL_20250707_040633220-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/PXL_20250707_040633220-2048x1536.jpg 2048w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">El bosque de álamo extenso por el Río Marias durante la noche de julio, antes de que se ponga la luna. </figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-7de2325134b63ea8d9a8d35b394041e5 wp-block-paragraph"><em>6 de julio de 2025</em>. En tres días más voy a poder escuchar al cuclillo pico negro por el Arroyo Highwood, pero aún no tengo ninguna idea de eso. Esta noche he regresado <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2025/08/01/como-no-encontrar-a-un-cuclillo-pico-negro/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">al Río Marias donde busqué a los cuclillos a principios de junio</a>, al área donde Anna Fasoli los escuchó cantar en 2021. Los chotacabras zumbones (<em>Chordeiles minor</em>) dan sus llamadas <em>pin</em> en la oscuridad creciente mientras bajo hacia el río y pongo mi casa de acampar cerca de los álamos. Pero entonces la noche se profundiza en ese silencio de julio. Ningún canto de cuclillo llega a mis oídos, ningún croar de su llamada en vuelo. Ningún cuclillo pico negro me despierta de mis sueños.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="853" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/638902437-1024x853.jpg" alt="A brown thrasher carrying food to a fledgling." class="wp-image-5204" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/638902437-1024x853.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/638902437-300x250.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/638902437-768x640.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/638902437.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">El cuicacoche castaño lleva alimento a su polluelo. </figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-5841a63884bb63db00f0d753ad17341a wp-block-paragraph">Me levanto en la mañana escuchando las llamadas agudas de un grupo familiar de cernícalos americanos (<em>Falco sparverius</em>) mientras el sol ilumina los árboles. Un cuicacoche castaño (<em>Toxostoma rufum</em>) adulto alimenta a su polluelo y luego se pone a cantar por un buen rato. Una inundación de los polluelos de los saltaparedes comunes norteños pide alimento desde los niveles bajos del bosque. El cuicacoche sigue cantando por bastante tiempo—en voz alta—aunque el mes pasado ni siquiera lo escuché. ¿Voy a tener la misma suerte esta vez con el cuclillo? Pero mientras deambulo por este bosque en cambio constante, ni un croar ni un <em>cucucú</em> me alcanza.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Cuando no encontramos a los cuclillos</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/PXL_20250707_135204098-1024x768.jpg" alt="Potential black-billed cuckoo habitat along the Marias River, but no sign of them in 2025." class="wp-image-5205" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/PXL_20250707_135204098-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/PXL_20250707_135204098-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/PXL_20250707_135204098-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/PXL_20250707_135204098.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Un hábitat posible para los cuclillos pico negro al lado del Río Marias, pero sin ninguna indicación de su presencia aquí en 2025. </figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-8fa4d79d4b186657c71ee9a9257eeaf5 wp-block-paragraph">¿Si yo pudiera convertirme en grabadora y quedarme aquí por semanas o meses, finalmente escucharía a un cuclillo? ¿O es este bosque de álamo extenso como la mayoría de los sitios que Anna investigo en 2022: un lugar que tenía cuclillos en otro año, donde el hábitat parece bueno, pero sin cuclillo ninguno ahora?</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-a67662e1d2ed79be340ff0c486e205c6 wp-block-paragraph">Anna señala qué tan variable puede ser la presencia de estas aves de un año a otro, o incluso dentro de un solo verano. Las investigaciones de Claire Johnson y Thomas Benson en Illinois tocan este tema, sugiriendo que los cuclillos pico negro pueden vagar mucho incluso durante una sola temporada reproductiva. Cabe resaltar que por una especie tan escurridiza y con tanta movilidad, incluso dar la respuesta a una pregunta simple como &#8220;¿Dónde están los cuclillos?&#8221; es increíblemente difícil.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">La migración otoñal</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/PXL_20230929_032802024-1024x768.jpg" alt="September in the cottonwood forest. Will a migrating cuckoo give its flight call as it passes overhead?" class="wp-image-5199" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/PXL_20230929_032802024-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/PXL_20230929_032802024-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/PXL_20230929_032802024-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/PXL_20230929_032802024.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Septiembre en el bosque de álamo. ¿Se escuchará la llamada de vuelo de un cuclillo en migración mientras pasa volando?</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-964ea11432d3cb83ee0de9a9a9323ab3 wp-block-paragraph">No sabemos bien en qué fechas se van los cuclillos pico negro (<em>Coccyzus erythropthalmus</em>) de Montana. A lo largo de la distribución reproductiva los registros se disminuyen marcadamente entre agosto y septiembre. Migrando por la noche, se unen a una marea de aves en movimiento, una ola nocturna rumbo al sur. Pasan casi desapercibidos, guiados por las estrellas. Un maratón invisible a través del cielo oscuro, una llamada de vuelo solitaria sobre la tierra dormida.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/PXL_20241207_121522210-1024x768.jpg" alt="Sunrise in the Sierra Sur of Oaxaca, Mexico. Black-billed cuckoos have never been seen in this area, but there are reports during migration throughout Central America just a bit farther south and east." class="wp-image-5207" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/PXL_20241207_121522210-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/PXL_20241207_121522210-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/PXL_20241207_121522210-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/PXL_20241207_121522210.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">El amanecer en la Sierra Sur de Oaxaca, México. Nunca se han registrado cuclillos pico negro en esta área, pero hay registros durante la migración a lo largo de Centroamérica sólo unos cientos de kilómetros más al sureste.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-dc745a25c9e2c4779a339abb744890a4 wp-block-paragraph">A finales de septiembre vienen llegando a algunas partes de Honduras y Nicaragua, donde los tecolotes sapo (<em>Megascops guatemalae</em>) trinan en la madrugada. Siguen avanzando al sur y llegan a Colombia, Ecuador, a la región amazónica de Perú y Bolivia. Y entonces casi desaparecen. Por los tres meses entre diciembre y febrero, todo lo que sabemos de los cuclillos pico negro proviene de unas cuantas docenas de observaciones. Incluso dónde están en esta temporada es un poco misterioso—ni mencionar qué están haciendo, cómo son sus vidas en esta región vasta y biodiversa. Y si es difícil estudiar a un ave tan escurridiza durante junio y julio, pues mucho más en enero, cuando ni siquiera canta.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Los cuclillos pico negro a través de América</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="722" height="1024" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/BBCU_Loma_2021_BoCrees1-722x1024.jpg" alt="A black-billed cuckoo along the Missouri River downstream of Loma, Montana, June 2021. Photo by Bo Crees." class="wp-image-5209" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/BBCU_Loma_2021_BoCrees1-722x1024.jpg 722w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/BBCU_Loma_2021_BoCrees1-212x300.jpg 212w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/BBCU_Loma_2021_BoCrees1-768x1089.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/BBCU_Loma_2021_BoCrees1-1084x1536.jpg 1084w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/BBCU_Loma_2021_BoCrees1.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 722px) 100vw, 722px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Un cuclillo pico negro por el Río Missouri aguas abajo de Loma, Montana, junio de 2021. Foto por Bo Crees. </figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-636d58fe482daa7a596f422ea49d40bc wp-block-paragraph">Pero aquí también hay personas que se enamoran de los cuclillos y tratan de entenderlos. Durante la pandemia de covid un equipo de investigadores de SELVA, una organización colombiana sin fines de lucro que se dedica a la conservación en el Neotrópico, inició un estudio del cuclillo pico negro. El equipo hizo censos en Ecuador e identificó una región no reproductiva importante en la Provincia El Oro al sur del país. Los investigadores también instalaron <a href="https://motus.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">radiotransmisores de Motus</a>, una red internacional para estudiar la ecología de la migración, a tres cuclillos en Colombia.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-4b37345a4d890d585ba4b0877bc328ef wp-block-paragraph">Uno de los tres luego fue detectado en Norteamérica por unas torres de Motus cerca de los Lagos Erie y Ontario. Pero lamentablemente el proyecto dejó de recibir financiación. Aún es muy poco conocida la biología de la especie por esta región; pero el equipo de SELVA está determinado en lograr continuar con esta investigación en el futuro cercano.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-b5f6f8c83beb22d47881f937ba23edee wp-block-paragraph">Por más que aprendo de los cuclillos pico negro, más me fascinan. Una migración a oscuras; una vida silente y poco entendida en la selva tropical. Un declive de población que todavía no entendemos bien. Un no respirar durante el silencio de una noche de julio entre los álamos de Montana, esperando su voz. Tal vez la escuches, pero es mucho más probable que no. Y entre todo lo que no sabemos, existe una red de personas, desde Montana e Illinois hasta Colombia y Ecuador, que se juntan para tratar de entender a los cuclillos y ayudarlos.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Epílogo</h3>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-7ca37c5948d964538b32e5050145bd6a wp-block-paragraph">Algo que me llama mucho la atención sobre los cuclillos pico negro es el nivel de colaboración que parecen inspirar. Muchas gracias a Anna Kurtin y a la doctora Camila Gómez por su participación en esta historia, y a sus equipos de investigación por todas sus contribuciones a nuestro conocimiento de esta especie. Para aprender más sobre todos los proyectos de investigación actuales de SELVA y para apoyar su importante trabajo, visita <a href="https://www.selva.org.co/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.selva.org.co/</a>. </p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-6d2e1d228fb1c06c530bee23a66c19c9 wp-block-paragraph">Agradezco a Harriet Marble por contarme de un posible reporte de un cuclillo pico negro cerca de las Montañas Highwood, que finalmente me permitió observar a uno. Gracias también a Tim Spahr por su permiso para incluir sus grabaciones del canto y la llamada de vuelo del cuclillo en el podcast, y a Ian van Coller, Bo Crees y Peter Dudley por dejarme incluir sus fotos en la historia (una foto de Bo Crees también aparece en la parte arriba de la página).</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Leer más</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/BBCU_Wyola_2023_BoCrees-1024x768.jpg" alt="A black-billed cuckoo near Wyola, Montana, May 2023. Photo by Bo Crees." class="wp-image-5210" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/BBCU_Wyola_2023_BoCrees-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/BBCU_Wyola_2023_BoCrees-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/BBCU_Wyola_2023_BoCrees-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/BBCU_Wyola_2023_BoCrees.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Un cuclillo pico negro cerca de Wyola, Montana, mayo de 2023. Foto por Bo Crees. </figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-c307b41f31ef7facd98af219b30dfc5a wp-block-paragraph">Hughes, J.M. (2020). Black-billed cuckoo (Coccyzus erythropthalmus), versión 1.0. <em>En</em> Birds of the World (A.F. Poole, editor). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, EU. <a href="https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkbcuc/cur/introduction" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkbcuc/cur/introduction</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-9ab1af7655dee228a3f829f8bb17ac42 wp-block-paragraph">Johnson, C.A. (2021). Detection, habitat use, and occupancy dynamics of black-billed cuckoos and yellow-billed cuckoos in Illinois. Tesis de Maestría de Ciencias. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. <a href="https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/items/118405" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/items/118405</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-500e3b80d8690b3d7bfc870add6b86cd wp-block-paragraph">Johnson, C.A. &amp; Benson, T.J. (2022). Dynamic occupancy models reveal black-billed and yellow-billed cuckoos have high rates of turnover during the breeding season. <em>Ornithological Applications</em> 124(3): duac021. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/ornithapp/duac021" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://doi.org/10.1093/ornithapp/duac021</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-dd8c57951205465b10f130552a8547b8 wp-block-paragraph">Kurtin, A.M. (2025). Comparing survey methods and investigating habitat use of black-billed cuckoos (<em>Coccyzus erythropthalmus</em>) in the Northern Great Plains. Tesis de Maestría de Ciencias. Missoula, MT: University of Montana. <a href="https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/12436/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/12436/</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-a14ac5ccde80f73a535e353d27275eb4 wp-block-paragraph">Marks, J.S., Hendricks, P. &amp; Casey, D. (2016). Birds of Montana. Arrington, VA: Buteo Books.</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2025/09/01/el-silencio-antes-del-canto-del-cuclillo/">El silencio antes del canto del cuclillo</a> appeared first on <a href="https://wildwithnature.com">Wild With Nature</a>.</p>
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		<title>How to not find black-billed cuckoos</title>
		<link>https://wildwithnature.com/2025/08/01/how-to-not-find-black-billed-cuckoos/</link>
					<comments>https://wildwithnature.com/2025/08/01/how-to-not-find-black-billed-cuckoos/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Shane Sater]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 02 Aug 2025 05:28:56 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Birds]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[English-language stories]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Water]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ammodramus savannarum]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Asclepias speciosa]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Bromus inermis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Bubo virginianus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Catharus ustulatus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Coccyzus erythropthalmus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Contopus sordidulus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Dumetella carolinensis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Empidonax minimus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[euphorbia esula]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Geothlypis trichas]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Odocoileus virginianus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Pheucticus melanocephalus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Populus angustifolia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Populus deltoides]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Prunus virginiana]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Salix exigua]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Salpinctes obsoletus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sphyrapicus nuchalis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sturnella neglecta]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Troglodytes aedon]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Tyrannus tyrannus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://wildwithnature.com/?p=5051</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>June 8, 2025, Marias River, north-central Montana, USA. My headlamp lights up the deer trail ahead of me as I pick my way towards the [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2025/08/01/how-to-not-find-black-billed-cuckoos/">How to not find black-billed cuckoos</a> appeared first on <a href="https://wildwithnature.com">Wild With Nature</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<figure class="wp-block-image size-full is-resized"><a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2025/08/01/como-no-encontrar-a-un-cuclillo-pico-negro/"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="706" height="181" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-en-2.jpg" alt="Bilingual nature podcast" class="wp-image-3486" style="width:auto;height:100px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-en-2.jpg 706w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-en-2-300x77.jpg 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 706px) 100vw, 706px" /></a></figure>



<iframe data-testid="embed-iframe" style="border-radius:12px" src="https://open.spotify.com/embed/episode/5CV0QHuu1kvY76Xun3SuAB?utm_source=generator&#038;t=0" width="100%" height="152" frameBorder="0" allowfullscreen="" allow="autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; fullscreen; picture-in-picture" loading="lazy"></iframe>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_104520105-1024x768.jpg" alt="The Marias River badlands." class="wp-image-5054" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_104520105-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_104520105-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_104520105-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_104520105.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">The Marias River badlands.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-1cd3d865ecb8194ba23816a77e55d541 wp-block-paragraph"><em>June 8, 2025, Marias River, north-central Montana, USA.</em> My headlamp lights up the deer trail ahead of me as I pick my way towards the Marias River through the dark pre-dawn badlands. I generally prefer to walk without a light, but the terrain is rough here. And I wouldn’t want to trip over a rattlesnake. I stop where the trail descends steeply into a narrow gully, listening. I turn off my headlamp. Rock wrens (<em>Salpinctes obsoletus</em>) sing from the eroded shadows of clay around me. The first hint of light is touching the northeastern sky.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-e3f677c27ce669959134d70e1c11a892 wp-block-paragraph">It was the possibility of black-billed cuckoos (<em>Coccyzus erythropthalmus</em>) that brought me here, although I know the possibility is slim. In 2021, while Anna Fasoli was floating the river, she heard and recorded a singing cuckoo here. This is a bird that I’ve lived my whole life without encountering, a bird which a long-ago generation of nineteenth-century naturalists would observe descending on orchards in flocks to feed on caterpillars. Hardly anyone sees flocks of black-billed cuckoos now. Insecticides and habitat loss are thought to be to blame. To see a cuckoo at all, at least in Montana, is a rare encounter that takes a lot of effort, a lot of luck, or both. But the decline of black-billed cuckoos, like almost every aspect of their biology, remains shrouded in unknowns. And so here I am, listening to rock wrens in a dark badlands gully, bound for the river and imagining cuckoos.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">From the badlands to the cottonwoods</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_031953372-1024x768.jpg" alt="Grasshopper sparrow habitat above the Marias River badlands." class="wp-image-5055" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_031953372-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_031953372-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_031953372-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_031953372.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Grasshopper sparrow habitat above the Marias River badlands.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-cdc5e9cd55b29f2362cf8abdcd1f461b wp-block-paragraph">Last night, I camped high at the end of an access road on a wide bench above the badlands. Grasshopper sparrows (<em>Ammodramus savannarum</em>) serenaded me from unbroken grassland as I cooked ramen soup with milkweed (<em>Asclepias speciosa</em>) flower buds by headlamp over my little gas stove. Tiny biting midges tormented me, followed me into my car, and even managed to sneak into my tent.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-499e6c6bdd7c6b96d6b62f2ba98da36f wp-block-paragraph">I woke (reluctantly) at 4:00 am and was ready to go by 4:20—backpack, headlamp, snacks, birding gear, bear spray. And now rock wrens sing from the wrinkles of the badlands, and the cottonwood forest beckons below.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_111044641-1024x768.jpg" alt="American barn owl habitat? The old homestead." class="wp-image-5056" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_111044641-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_111044641-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_111044641-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_111044641.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">American barn owl habitat? The old homestead.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-2732a1ed9d43a9e358f234bb97b8a714 wp-block-paragraph">The northern house wrens (<em>Troglodytes aedon</em>) have begun singing by the time I reach the edge of the cottonwoods. A great horned owl (<em>Bubo virginianus</em>) hoots just once in the distance. The creatures of the night are giving way to the dawn chorus. An abandoned homestead weathers slowly into elegant oblivion at the edge of the trees. The shed sags to the north, defeated, but the old bones of the two-story house remain strong. I walk gingerly among fallen boards with rusty nails and peek inside, hoping wildly that an American barn owl (<em>Tyto furcata</em>) might be roosting. But all I find is a rusting box spring and an old galvanized wash tub. An eastern kingbird (<em>Tyrannus tyrannus</em>) gives his electrical call from a branch level with a gaping second-story window frame. The air is thick with stories.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_111316931-1024x768.jpg" alt="Looking back at the old homestead from the edge of the forest." class="wp-image-5058" style="width:700px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_111316931-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_111316931-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_111316931-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_111316931.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Looking back at the old homestead from the edge of the forest.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Habitat for black-billed cuckoos</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_113128906-1024x768.jpg" alt="A place for black-billed cuckoos? Chokecherry thickets in the cottonwood forest." class="wp-image-5057" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_113128906-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_113128906-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_113128906-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_113128906.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A place for black-billed cuckoos? Chokecherry thickets in the cottonwood forest.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-b31d1f680429d9c22a06a43cb4de8952 wp-block-paragraph">Continuing on, I pass a white-tailed deer (<em>Odocoileus virginianus</em>) bedded down with her spotted fawn. She watches me with mild concern and I veer far around, leaving them undisturbed.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-6f9ca11f5fac5885c8445fa81b58b0f9 wp-block-paragraph">I’m at the edge of a massive cottonwood stand now, old trees with fissured bark. Most are narrowleaf cottonwoods (<em>Populus angustifolia</em>), with some broader-leaved Plains cottonwoods (<em>Populus deltoides</em>) mixed in. An old, dry river oxbow curves through the trees, and in places along it there’s a nice understory of chokecherry (<em>Prunus virginiana</em>) thickets. A gray catbird (<em>Dumetella carolinensis</em>) sings as a migrating Swainson’s thrush (<em>Catharus ustulatus</em>) gives his harmonic whistles from the undergrowth. To my untrained eye, this looks like good black-billed cuckoo habitat, as I understand it: an extensive deciduous forest with a shrubby understory, far away from insecticides. But I hear no cuckoo.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Where are the cuckoos?</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_114614902-1024x768.jpg" alt="The sun rises over the cottonwood forest." class="wp-image-5059" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_114614902-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_114614902-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_114614902-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_114614902.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">The sun rises over the cottonwood forest.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-2394ae74b6e123de3c6c7e97f46ccfe3 wp-block-paragraph">Is it too early yet? Cuckoos arrive in Montana quite late in the spring, traveling from their poorly known South American winter range, apparently somewhere between Colombia, Venezuela, and Bolivia. <em>Birds of Montana</em> reports them showing up here in early to mid June—now, that is. Still, it seems to me that spring arrival dates for many birds have been a bit delayed this year. Perhaps the cuckoos just haven’t gotten here yet.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-bd08ed621c9939cee0c13882e5c96e05 wp-block-paragraph">Of course, there are other possibilities. The specter of declines and all that is unknown hangs over them. There’s a lot that is unknown. Where exactly do they spend the winter? What are the paths of their migrations? How do they find outbreaks of the tent caterpillars and cicadas they seem to be so fond of eating? And will they come back to the Marias River, where they sang in July 2021? I think about all of the things that have to go right for them to make it back. There are too many possible tragedies: insecticides, the loss of an important habitat somewhere in their annual journey, window collisions, outdoor cats…</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-253bef38b2c2dd6be52b46b87f769199 wp-block-paragraph">And then, of course, a cuckoo might be hiding in the chokecherry bush 15 feet away from me! If it’s not singing, I could very easily miss it.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">The forest</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_121452768-1024x768.jpg" alt="A patch of old cottonwoods within the forest." class="wp-image-5060" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_121452768-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_121452768-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_121452768-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_121452768-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_121452768-2048x1536.jpg 2048w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A patch of old cottonwoods within the forest.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-551da888c9377e0ba68a2aa44d2027f1 wp-block-paragraph">I continue walking. The forest stretches for hundreds of acres. In some patches the trees are big and old; closer to the river, I find middle-aged stands and young cottonwood saplings. In the distance, I hear a beaver slap its tail once, alarmed at something. Western wood-pewees (<em>Contopus sordidulus</em>) and least flycatchers (<em>Empidonax minimus</em>) sing from the canopy and I’m surprised to hear a few yellow-headed blackbirds (<em>Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus</em>) in the distance—evidently there is a wetland slough on the other side of the river.&nbsp;</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-9a00a236a7f6883bcff5ba00c48cabe8 wp-block-paragraph">I start wondering how I can manage a second visit, in case it&#8217;s still too early in the season for cuckoos.&nbsp;</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_122218696-1024x768.jpg" alt="Willows and still water along a river slough." class="wp-image-5065" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_122218696-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_122218696-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_122218696-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_122218696.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Willows and still water along a river slough.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-dfad6a60584004f85f5484d2e4d07983 wp-block-paragraph">A coyote slips away from me as I follow fresh deer tracks along a river meander with some moisture in the bottom, growing up with sandbar willows (<em>Salix exigua</em>). A common yellowthroat (<em>Geothlypis trichas</em>) sings.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">June exuberance</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_121539440-1024x768.jpg" alt="The cottonwood forest with an understory of smooth brome." class="wp-image-5064" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_121539440-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_121539440-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_121539440-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_121539440.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">The cottonwood forest with an understory of smooth brome.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-e0e1a380aef641a317aba748bf0d920f wp-block-paragraph">I find myself filled with gratitude that places like this still exist. A huge floodplain, a rich cottonwood habitat with multiple-aged trees, shrub patches, and wetlands. A home for many creatures, sculpted by floods and beavers, by cottonwood fluff on the June breeze, by a million relationships and interactions. It’s not pristine—the understory in many places is dominated by smooth brome (<em>Bromus inermis</em>), an invasive grass. And who knows if the cuckoos will come back. But in spite of everything, it’s bursting with life.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_122449153-1024x768.jpg" alt="At the edge of the Marias River." class="wp-image-5061" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_122449153-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_122449153-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_122449153-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_122449153.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">At the edge of the Marias River.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-276dbac394d4ece5c0a1485843afe244 wp-block-paragraph">I think about all the unfathomable generations of life on earth. All of this June exuberance, millions of years of it, hangs in the air. I try to imagine the sounds and happenings of early June on this land in the time of the dinosaurs, whose bones lie fossilized on these plains.&nbsp;</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Life goes on</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_130449838-1024x768.jpg" alt="A shrubby patch within the cottonwood forest." class="wp-image-5066" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_130449838-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_130449838-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_130449838-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_130449838.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A shrubby patch within the cottonwood forest.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-a8486fbfd0a8ba983f5360d1a2b9d856 wp-block-paragraph">It’s bittersweet comfort to me to think that if we follow the fate of the dinosaurs, as we seem so perilously hell-bent on doing, life in some permutation will continue here. The smooth brome that the land managers ignore and the <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2022/06/17/leafy-spurge-pollinators/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">leafy spurge (<em>Euphorbia esula</em>)</a> that they attack with herbicides will become part of the ecology of this place. With time, presumably, native insects will evolve to make greater use of these abundant new plants, these human introductions to the North American continent. The homestead will be long-gone, boards into dust, rusty nails buried beneath spring floods. Will the black-billed cuckoos come back? That is anyone’s guess.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-02228cd3583ab8b020160fce9a197d0f wp-block-paragraph">The drumming of a red-naped sapsucker (<em>Sphyrapicus nuchalis</em>) pulls me out of my extinction musings. He’s close but just out of sight. Then he flies into the cottonwood right next to me, playing the resonant wood of a dead branch. He makes me think of the sapsuckers in <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2025/04/01/journey-to-the-pileated-woodpeckers/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">the pileated woodpecker forest near Missoula</a>, how they drum so frequently when they first arrive in April but become almost silent by this time. Is this a sapsucker that hasn’t found a mate, still diligently tapping away on the woodpecker equivalent of Tinder? I wonder if, like in Missoula, the late-April soundscape here is filled with sapsucker drumming.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Listening for cuckoos</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="893" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/DSCN7625-1024x893.jpg" alt="The black-headed grosbeak." class="wp-image-5067" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/DSCN7625-1024x893.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/DSCN7625-300x262.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/DSCN7625-768x669.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/DSCN7625.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">The black-headed grosbeak.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-8fa90def66f7c11347d933aa9be2929d wp-block-paragraph">I continue listening for a black-billed cuckoo. Nothing. A male black-headed grosbeak (<em>Pheucticus melanocephalus</em>) sings from the very highest branch of a cottonwood, not hiding himself frustratingly in the foliage this time like they often do. For the cuckoos, some birders would bring a portable speaker and blast the <em>cucucu</em> song, trying to get a bird to respond. Outside of limited use for formal biological surveys, I prefer not to do that, so I’m just doing passive listening. If a cuckoo sings today, it will be because it wants to.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/DSCN7628-1024x768.jpg" alt="Wildfire smoke rolling in." class="wp-image-5068" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/DSCN7628-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/DSCN7628-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/DSCN7628-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/DSCN7628.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Wildfire smoke rolling in.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-ef1bd0ec3f7dac5bdc0357d6191e79c6 wp-block-paragraph">The morning is warming up and a breeze has started rustling the cottonwood leaves. Northern house wrens continue singing, and the distant whistles of the western meadowlarks (<em>Sturnella neglecta</em>) echo against the badlands. The air is getting a yellow tinge as smoke rolls in from the once-unheard-of spring wildfires that are raging once again across the Canadian boreal forest.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-bee94dce6ff08b52d065cf1457826315 wp-block-paragraph">No cuckoos. Some people might see it as a wasted morning: I went searching for something and didn’t find it. But I hope I get to waste many more mornings like this, contemplating millions of years of June exuberance along a wild river. And I hope the cuckoos come back.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">P.S. More about cuckoos!</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_152737897-1024x768.jpg" alt="The ribbon of cottonwood forest along the Marias River fades into smoke, surrounded by badlands." class="wp-image-5069" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_152737897-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_152737897-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_152737897-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_152737897.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">The ribbon of cottonwood forest along the Marias River fades into smoke, surrounded by badlands.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-b37bce4d136ba2e3b916328f65f959bc wp-block-paragraph">I am delighted to announce that in the upcoming months I&#8217;ll be sharing a second story about the mysterious lives of cuckoos featuring Anna Kurtin, who recently completed her Master&#8217;s degree in Wildlife Biology at the University of Montana. Anna has spent the past three years learning about black-billed cuckoos, effective ways of studying them, and which habitats they use in Montana. I&#8217;m excited to delve more deeply into cuckoo biology with her. Stay tuned!</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">More resources</h3>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-dd250ec0d85b52b2e0999b93c71c2525 wp-block-paragraph">eBird Basic Dataset. Version: EBD_relJun-2025. Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY. June 2025. </p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-32ae7721ecd7f6d032b884dfffe0114d wp-block-paragraph">Hughes, J.M. (2020). Black-billed cuckoo (<em>Coccyzus erythropthalmus</em>), version 1.0.&nbsp;<em>In</em>&nbsp;Birds of the World (A.F. Poole, editor). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA.&nbsp;<a href="https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkbcuc/cur/introduction">https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkbcuc/cur/introduction</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-937b56c186a07c32848fd5c25191a54f wp-block-paragraph">Marks, J.S., Hendricks, P. &amp; Casey, D. (2016). <em>Birds of Montana</em>. Arrington, VA: Buteo Books.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"></p>
<p>The post <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2025/08/01/how-to-not-find-black-billed-cuckoos/">How to not find black-billed cuckoos</a> appeared first on <a href="https://wildwithnature.com">Wild With Nature</a>.</p>
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		<title>Cómo no encontrar a un cuclillo pico negro</title>
		<link>https://wildwithnature.com/2025/08/01/como-no-encontrar-a-un-cuclillo-pico-negro/</link>
					<comments>https://wildwithnature.com/2025/08/01/como-no-encontrar-a-un-cuclillo-pico-negro/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Shane Sater]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 02 Aug 2025 05:26:58 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Agua]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Aves]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Historias en español]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Plantas]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ammodramus savannarum]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Asclepias speciosa]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Bromus inermis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Bubo virginianus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Catharus ustulatus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Coccyzus erythropthalmus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Contopus sordidulus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Dumetella carolinensis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Empidonax minimus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[euphorbia esula]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Geothlypis trichas]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Odocoileus virginianus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Pheucticus melanocephalus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Populus angustifolia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Populus deltoides]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Prunus virginiana]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Salix exigua]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Salpinctes obsoletus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sphyrapicus nuchalis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sturnella neglecta]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Troglodytes aedon]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Tyrannus tyrannus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://wildwithnature.com/?p=5106</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>8 de junio de 2025, Río Marias en la región norte central de Montana, EU. Mi linterna ilumina el sendero de los venados mientras camino [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2025/08/01/como-no-encontrar-a-un-cuclillo-pico-negro/">Cómo no encontrar a un cuclillo pico negro</a> appeared first on <a href="https://wildwithnature.com">Wild With Nature</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<figure class="wp-block-image size-full is-resized"><a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2025/08/01/how-to-not-find-black-billed-cuckoos/"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="734" height="188" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-es-2.jpg" alt="Podcast bilingüe de la naturaleza" class="wp-image-3489" style="width:auto;height:100px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-es-2.jpg 734w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-es-2-300x77.jpg 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 734px) 100vw, 734px" /></a></figure>



<iframe data-testid="embed-iframe" style="border-radius:12px" src="https://open.spotify.com/embed/episode/3l6dSozoauCmnXB1MW2Vlt?utm_source=generator&#038;t=0" width="100%" height="152" frameBorder="0" allowfullscreen="" allow="autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; fullscreen; picture-in-picture" loading="lazy"></iframe>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_104520105-1024x768.jpg" alt="The Marias River badlands." class="wp-image-5054" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_104520105-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_104520105-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_104520105-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_104520105.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Las badlands arriba del Río Marias.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-ab3cceece68b9a9fb46f9c27aa09e4f5 wp-block-paragraph"><em>8 de junio de 2025, Río Marias en la región norte central de Montana, EU.</em> Mi linterna ilumina el sendero de los venados mientras camino despacio hacia el Río Marias a través de las tierras erosionadas que se llaman <em>badlands.</em> Aún no llega el amanecer. Por lo general me gusta caminar sin linterna, pero el terreno aquí es quebrado. Y no quisiera tropezar con un cascabel. Me paro donde el sendero desciende abruptamente hacia una quebrada estrecha, escuchando. Apago la linterna. Los saltaparedes de rocas (<em>Salpinctes obsoletus</em>) cantan desde las sombras erosionadas de arcilla. La primera sugerencia de luz solar está tocando el cielo al nordeste.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-449435cdb6371e9110a82379083a85a0 wp-block-paragraph">Fue la posibilidad de un cuclillo pico negro (<em>Coccyzus erythropthalmus</em>) que me trajo hasta aquí, aunque sé que es una pequeña posibilidad. En 2021, mientras Anna Fasoli andaba en kayak por el río, escuchó y grabó un cuclillo pico negro cantando aquí. Esto es un ave que he pasado toda la vida sin encontrar, un ave que una antigua generación de naturalistas del siglo diecinueve observaba descendiendo en los huertos frutales en parvadas para alimentarse de orugas.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-87846add384eef7d02a6665159d5d204 wp-block-paragraph">Ya casi nadie ve una parvada de cuclillos pico negro. Se piensa que los insecticidas y las pérdidas de hábitat tienen la culpa por su declive. Ver a tan solo un cuclillo, en Montana por lo menos, ya es algo raro que requiere mucho esfuerzo, mucha suerte o las dos cosas. Pero el declive de los cuclillos pico negro, como casi todos los aspectos de su biología, permanece mal entendido. Y así es que estoy aquí, escuchando a saltaparedes de rocas en una quebrada oscura dentro de las <em>badlands</em>, rumbo al río e imaginando cuclillos.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">De la pradera a las <em>badlands</em></h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_031953372-1024x768.jpg" alt="Grasshopper sparrow habitat above the Marias River badlands." class="wp-image-5055" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_031953372-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_031953372-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_031953372-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_031953372.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">El hábitat de los gorriones chapulín arriba de las badlands del Río Marias. </figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-8987258c48d4e3d5ad792f8b6c377741 wp-block-paragraph">Anoche acampé al final de un camino no pavimentado, alto en la pradera arriba de las <em>badlands</em>. Los gorriones chapulín (<em>Ammodramus savannarum</em>) me hicieron una serenata desde los zacates extensos mientras cocinaba un ramen con brotes florales de algodoncillo (<em>Asclepias speciosa</em>), iluminando mi pequeña estufa de gas con mi linterna. Unos jejenes diminutos me molestaron, me siguieron hasta el carro e incluso lograron entrar en mi casa de acampar. </p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-4b58d96c34fe32878729b10996af241c wp-block-paragraph">Me desperté (queriendo seguir durmiendo) a las 4:00 am y estaba listo para las 4:20—mochila, linterna, lonche, equipo para observar aves, gas pimienta por si me topara con un oso. Y ahora los saltaparedes de rocas cantan desde las arrugas de las <em>badlands</em> y el bosque de álamo por abajo me llama adelante.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Los álamos</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_111044641-1024x768.jpg" alt="American barn owl habitat? The old homestead." class="wp-image-5056" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_111044641-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_111044641-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_111044641-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_111044641.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">¿El hábitat de una lechuza americana? La vieja finca. </figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-0707923abd3c0e1c110809aa80d1f311 wp-block-paragraph">Los saltaparedes comunes norteños (<em>Troglodytes aedon</em>) han empezado a cantar cuando llego al borde de los álamos. Un búho cornudo (<em>Bubo virginianus</em>) ulula una sola vez en la distancia. Las criaturas de la noche están cediendo el escenario al coro del amanecer. La casa de una finca abandonada se desgasta poco a poco hacia un olvido elegante en el borde del bosque. La caseta derrotada se hunde hacia el norte, pero los viejos huesos de la casa de dos pisos se mantienen firmes. </p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-8f392c255e22c4b2108a4a3b59de0a97 wp-block-paragraph">Camino con precaución entre tablas caídas con clavos oxidados y echo un vistazo al interior, esperando sin mucha confianza encontrar a una lechuza americana (<em>Tyto furcata</em>) durmiendo adentro. Pero todo lo que encuentro es un antiguo colchón con resortes y una tina de lámina galvanizada. Un tirano dorso negro (<em>Tyrannus tyrannus</em>) da su llamada eléctrica desde una rama al lado del hueco en el segundo piso donde había una ventana. El aire está espeso con historias.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_111316931-1024x768.jpg" alt="Looking back at the old homestead from the edge of the forest." class="wp-image-5058" style="width:700px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_111316931-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_111316931-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_111316931-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_111316931.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">La vista hacia la finca abandonada desde el borde del bosque. </figcaption></figure>
</div>


<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Un hábitat para los cuclillos pico negro</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_113128906-1024x768.jpg" alt="A place for black-billed cuckoos? Chokecherry thickets in the cottonwood forest." class="wp-image-5057" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_113128906-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_113128906-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_113128906-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_113128906.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">¿Un buen hábitat para cuclillos pico negro? Los cerezos silvestres en el bosque de álamo.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-567eaa2436efd018772eb2c165572dac wp-block-paragraph">Siguiendo adelante, encuentro a una venada cola blanca (<em>Odocoileus virginianus</em>) descansando con su cría moteada. Me mira con leve inquietud y tomo una larga desviación, dejándolos sin molestarlos.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-d9f3ca0c4eaa86e63b46bfd7eab2ef67 wp-block-paragraph">Ahora estoy entrando en una sección de álamos masivos, árboles viejos con la corteza fisurada. La mayoría son álamos de hojas delgadas (<em>Populus angustifolia</em>), mezclados con algunos alamillos (<em>Populus deltoides</em>). Un viejo meandro abandonado del río curva a través de los árboles, y aquí están unos parches de cerezos silvestres (<em>Prunus virginiana</em>) por abajo. Un maullador gris (<em>Dumetella carolinensis</em>) canta mientras un zorzal de anteojos (<em>Catharus ustulatus</em>) haciendo escala en su migración da silbidos armónicos desde los arbustos. A mis ojos inexpertos les parece que podría ser un buen hábitat para un cuclillo pico negro así como lo entiendo: un bosque caducifolio extenso con arbustos por abajo, lejos de los insecticidas. Pero no escucho a ningún cuclillo.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">¿Dónde están los cuclillos?</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_114614902-1024x768.jpg" alt="The sun rises over the cottonwood forest." class="wp-image-5059" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_114614902-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_114614902-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_114614902-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_114614902.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">El sol sale sobre el bosque de álamo.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-a0f7ea79168eebd05b9f885ce68072b0 wp-block-paragraph">¿Aún es demasiado temprano en la temporada? Los cuclillos pico negro llegan a Montana relativamente tarde en la primavera, viajando desde sus tierras invernales en Sudamérica. Su exacta invernal todavía no se conoce muy bien, pero aparentemente está por la región entre Colombia, Venezuela y Bolivia. El libro <em>Birds of Montana</em> reporta que suelen llegan entre el comienzo de junio y mediados del mes—ahora, es decir. Pero aun así, me parece que las primeras fechas de las llegadas primaverales de muchas especies de aves han sido un poco tardadas este año. A lo mejor a los cuclillos aún les falta llegar.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-bf4cc1d0cb93b28bded71daa2e294263 wp-block-paragraph">Desde luego hay otras posibilidades. El espectro de declives y todo lo que aún no se sabe cuelga sobre los cuclillos. Y hay muchísimo que no se sabe. ¿Dónde precisamente pasan el invierno? ¿Cuáles son sus rutas de migración? ¿Cómo encuentran las concentraciones de orugas peludas y cigarras que al parecer les gusta mucho cazar? Y ¿van a regresar al Río Marias, donde cantaban en julio de 2021? Pienso en todas las cosas que tienen que irles bien para que regresen. Hay demasiadas tragedias posibles: insecticidas, la pérdida de algún hábitat importante en algún tramo de su viaje anual, colisiones con ventanas, gatos al aire libre&#8230;</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-8d01237d8df6415273b3472fb6f8bbb5 wp-block-paragraph">Y bueno, ¡también podría haber un cuclillo en los cerezos silvestres a cinco metros de mí! Si no cantara, fácilmente podría pasarlo por alto. </p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">El bosque</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_121452768-1024x768.jpg" alt="A patch of old cottonwoods within the forest." class="wp-image-5060" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_121452768-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_121452768-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_121452768-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_121452768-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_121452768-2048x1536.jpg 2048w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Un parche de álamos viejos dentro del bosque.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-8f0e8ba55cfde3d92ba47902a356a7fc wp-block-paragraph">Sigo caminando. El bosque se extiende por cientos de hectáreas. En algunos parches los árboles son grandes y viejos; más cerca del río, encuentro áreas con árboles de mediana edad y alamocitos jóvenes. En la distancia escucho a un castor golpear su cola contra el agua una vez, alarmado por algo. Varios papamoscas del oeste (<em>Contopus sordidulus</em>) y unos papamoscas chicos (<em>Empidonax minimus</em>) cantan desde el dosel. Me sorprende escuchar a unos tordos cabeza amarilla (<em>Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus</em>) en la distancia. Es una especie de los humedales—evidentemente los meandros del río dejaron un pantano por alguna parte.&nbsp;</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_122218696-1024x768.jpg" alt="Willows and still water along a river slough." class="wp-image-5065" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_122218696-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_122218696-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_122218696-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_122218696.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Los sauces y un poco de agua en un meandro abandonado del río. </figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-88cb5e588322f9f3fc1b76e411a29aec wp-block-paragraph">Empiezo a preguntarme cómo puedo hacer una segunda visita, en caso de que todavía sea demasiado temprano para los cuclillos. </p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-6776c09cc8e93f34ac8c09407d5c7809 wp-block-paragraph">Un coyote se aleja sigilosamente de mí mientras sigo unas huellas recientes de los venados. Me guían a través de un meandro del río que aún tiene un poco de agua, creciendo con sauces (<em>Salix exigua</em>). Una mascarita común (<em>Geothlypis trichas</em>) canta.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">La exuberancia de junio</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_121539440-1024x768.jpg" alt="The cottonwood forest with an understory of smooth brome." class="wp-image-5064" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_121539440-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_121539440-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_121539440-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_121539440.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">El bosque de álamo con una capa baja dominada por el bromo suave, una planta invasora.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-0d32366a19e2ce6130182c3f83fb5757 wp-block-paragraph">Me siento muy agradecido que todavía existan lugares como esto. Una zona inundable enorme, un hábitat rico con álamos de varias edades, parches de arbustos y humedales pequeños. Un hogar para muchas criaturas, esculpido por inundaciones y castores, por la seda de los álamos en el viento de junio, por un millón de relaciones e interacciones. Pues no es inmaculado—por muchas partes la capa baja esta dominada por el bromo suave (<em>Bromus inermis</em>), una gramínea invasora. Y quién sabe si los cuclillos vayan a volver. Pero a pesar de todo, está lleno de vida. </p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_122449153-1024x768.jpg" alt="At the edge of the Marias River." class="wp-image-5061" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_122449153-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_122449153-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_122449153-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_122449153.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">En la orilla del Río Marias. </figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-54127b6b642e5c6305773b5781c263c9 wp-block-paragraph">Pienso en todas las generaciones incontables de la vida en la tierra. Toda esta exuberancia de junio, millones de años de ella, está en el aire. Me pregunto cómo eran los sonidos y acontecimientos de esta parte de junio en esta tierra en el tiempo de los dinosaurios, cuyos huesos descansan en estas llanuras.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">La vida sigue</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_130449838-1024x768.jpg" alt="A shrubby patch within the cottonwood forest." class="wp-image-5066" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_130449838-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_130449838-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_130449838-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_130449838.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Un parche de arbustos dentro del bosque de álamo.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-e9bbc07e846e8b5d08e88a9835dd79ad wp-block-paragraph">Para mí es un consuelo agridulce pensar que si seguimos el destino de los dinosaurios, como al parecer estamos peligrosamente resueltos a hacer, pues aquí la vida en alguna forma va a seguir. El bromo suave que los encargados de cuidar las tierras públicas ignoran y la ésula (<em>Euphorbia esula</em>) que fumigan con herbicidas van a volverse parte de la ecología de este lugar. Presuntamente con el tiempo los insectos nativos van a evolucionar para utilizar más a estas nuevas plantas abundantes, estas introducciones humanas al continente americano. La finca va a haber desaparecido por completo. Tablas a polvo, clavos oxidados enterrados bajo las inundaciones de la primavera. ¿Van a regresar los cuclillos pico negro? Quién sabe.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-91cba3a9d6f6eb8a61126aae968c2000 wp-block-paragraph">El tamborileo de un carpintero nuca roja (<em>Sphyrapicus nuchalis</em>) me distrae de mis pensamientos sobre la extinción. Está cerca pero no lo puedo ver. Entonces vuela al álamo justo a mi lado, tocando la madera resonante de una rama seca. Me hace pensar en los carpinteros nuca roja en <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2025/04/01/viaje-hacia-picamaderos-norteamericanos/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">el bosque de los picamaderos</a> cerca de Missoula. Tamborilean con mucha frecuencia cuando primero llegan en abril pero al llegar a junio están casi completamente callados. ¿Es este un carpintero que no ha encontrado pareja, aún golpeteando cada rato en lo que es básicamente Tinder para carpinteros? Me pregunto si aquí, tal como en Missoula, la banda sonora a finales de abril está llena del tamborileo de muchos carpinteros.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Buscando a un cuclillo</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="893" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/DSCN7625-1024x893.jpg" alt="The black-headed grosbeak." class="wp-image-5067" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/DSCN7625-1024x893.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/DSCN7625-300x262.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/DSCN7625-768x669.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/DSCN7625.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">El picogordo tigrillo.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-1f4b23b0575c836b63a319eaef0129b9 wp-block-paragraph">Sigo atento por si escucho a un cuclillo pico negro. Nada. Un picogordo tigrillo (<em>Pheucticus melanocephalus</em>) macho canta desde la rama más alta de un álamo, sin esconderse entre las hojas de manera irritante como suelen hacer. Para encontrar un cuclillo, algunos pajareros traerían una bocina y tocarían su canto <em>cucucú</em>, tratando de hacer que respondiera el ave. Fuera de unos usos muy limitados para investigaciones biológicas formales, no me gusta estorbar a las aves así. Es por eso que sólo estoy escuchando pasivamente. Si un cuclillo canta hoy, será porque quiere.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/DSCN7628-1024x768.jpg" alt="Wildfire smoke rolling in." class="wp-image-5068" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/DSCN7628-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/DSCN7628-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/DSCN7628-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/DSCN7628.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">La humarada de los incendios forestales viene llegando.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-647f924c4b7d05bb15dbeb40563ac7c4 wp-block-paragraph">La mañana se está poniendo calurosa y una brisa ha empezado a hacer temblar a las hojas de los álamos. Los saltaparedes comunes norteños siguen cantando. Los silbidos distantes de los praderos del oeste (<em>Sturnella neglecta</em>) hacen eco contra las <em>badlands</em>. El aire está agarrando un tinte amarillo mientras viene llegando la humarada de los incendios forestales de la primavera que hacía unos años eran insólitos y ya están arrasando de nuevo a través del bosque boreal canadiense.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-6e3d8116d56c27b35241582e4872a221 wp-block-paragraph">No he encontrado a cuclillos. Algunas personas lo podrían percibir como una mañana malgastada: fui buscando algo y no lo encontré. Pero espero que tenga la bendición de malgastar muchas mañanas más así, contemplando millones de años de la exuberancia de junio al lado de un río salvaje. Y espero que los cuclillos vuelvan.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">P.D. ¡Más sobre los cuclillos!</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_152737897-1024x768.jpg" alt="The ribbon of cottonwood forest along the Marias River fades into smoke, surrounded by badlands." class="wp-image-5069" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_152737897-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_152737897-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_152737897-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_152737897.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">La línea de bosque de álamo que sigue el Río Marias se desvanece en la humarada, rodeada por las <em>badlands</em>.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-a856f2e4d38042146d2fcb964ac66d6b wp-block-paragraph">Me da mucho gusto anunciar que en los meses que vienen voy a compartir una segunda historia sobre las vidas misteriosas de los cuclillos con Anna Kurtin, que recién se graduó en maestría de biología de fauna silvestre en la Universidad de Montana. Anna ha pasado los últimos tres años aprendiendo de los cuclillos pico negro, cómo estudiarlos eficazmente y cuáles hábitats utilizan en Montana. Estoy emocionado para profundizar más en la biología de los cuclillos con ella. ¡Hasta entonces!</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Leer más</h3>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-618f099dd88b2012ba47c45d80048975 wp-block-paragraph">eBird Base de Datos Básica. Versión: EBD_relJun-2025. Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, EU. Junio de 2025. </p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-177621734623a2a588f994b8a4c685c8 wp-block-paragraph">Hughes, J.M. (2020). Black-billed cuckoo (<em>Coccyzus erythropthalmus</em>), versión 1.0.&nbsp;<em>En</em>&nbsp;Birds of the World (A.F. Poole, editor). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, EU.&nbsp;<a href="https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkbcuc/cur/introduction">https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkbcuc/cur/introduction</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-ad975f87a0dc3aa1522833713a5f853d wp-block-paragraph">Marks, J.S., Hendricks, P. &amp; Casey, D. (2016). <em>Birds of Montana</em>. Arrington, VA, EU: Buteo Books.</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2025/08/01/como-no-encontrar-a-un-cuclillo-pico-negro/">Cómo no encontrar a un cuclillo pico negro</a> appeared first on <a href="https://wildwithnature.com">Wild With Nature</a>.</p>
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		<title>Esperando la lluvia: sobreviviendo el cambio climático</title>
		<link>https://wildwithnature.com/2024/10/01/esperando-la-lluvia-sobreviviendo-el-cambio-climatico/</link>
					<comments>https://wildwithnature.com/2024/10/01/esperando-la-lluvia-sobreviviendo-el-cambio-climatico/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Shane Sater]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 01 Oct 2024 22:27:47 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Agua]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Aves]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Historias en español]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Plantas]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Anas platyrhynchos]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[cambio climático]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Cardellina pusilla]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Cleome serrulata]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[gatos]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[habitat]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Helianthus maximiliani]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[incendios forestales]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mentha arvensis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Prunus virginiana]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Rhus trilobata]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Salix exigua]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Spinus pinus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Spinus psaltria]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Spinus tristis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ulmus pumila]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://wildwithnature.com/?p=4538</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Es una mañana seca en septiembre y el sol sale anaranjado en una densa humarada. El olor es la primera cosa que noto cuando salgo [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2024/10/01/esperando-la-lluvia-sobreviviendo-el-cambio-climatico/">Esperando la lluvia: sobreviviendo el cambio climático</a> appeared first on <a href="https://wildwithnature.com">Wild With Nature</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<figure class="wp-block-image size-full is-resized"><a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2024/10/01/waiting-for-rain-climate-change/"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="734" height="188" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-es-2.jpg" alt="Podcast bilingüe de la naturaleza" class="wp-image-3489" style="width:auto;height:100px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-es-2.jpg 734w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-es-2-300x77.jpg 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 734px) 100vw, 734px" /></a></figure>



<iframe style="border-radius:12px" src="https://open.spotify.com/embed/episode/4IooYE9C4HnkE6YdzJzV35?utm_source=generator&#038;t=0" width="100%" height="152" frameBorder="0" allowfullscreen="" allow="autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; fullscreen; picture-in-picture" loading="lazy"></iframe>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240909_144016274-1024x768.jpg" alt="Morning smoke in Missoula, Montana, September 9, 2024." class="wp-image-4523" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240909_144016274-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240909_144016274-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240909_144016274-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240909_144016274.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">La humarada matutina por Missoula, Montana, 9 de septiembre de 2024.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-a9fda151e45d40b316bdb32bace5b9fe wp-block-paragraph">Es una mañana seca en septiembre y el sol sale anaranjado en una densa humarada. El olor es la primera cosa que noto cuando salgo de la casa al jardín de mi mamá en la zona urbana de Missoula, Montana, EU. Es tan densa que el Monte Sentinel, cinco kilómetros lejos, sólo aparece como una vaga silueta azul por el humo.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-57d71f74c0e67b3ac562203941b291f0 wp-block-paragraph">Pero en la profusión de girasoles silvestres (<em>Helianthus maximiliani</em>) y hierba de abeja (<em>Cleome serrulata</em>) en la esquina del jardín, los jilgueritos canarios (<em>Spinus tristis</em>) y jilgueritos pineros (<em>Spinus pinus</em>) están alimentándose de las semillas de los girasoles. Contra el trasfondo de los incendios forestales y un clima cada vez más hostil, aún quedan cosas que podemos hacer para aportar hábitat a los seres vivos que son nuestros prójimos.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0727-1024x768.jpg" alt="A pine siskin feeds on wild sunflower seeds." class="wp-image-4522" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0727-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0727-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0727-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0727-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0727-2048x1536.jpg 2048w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Un jilguerito pinero se alimenta de las semillas de los girasoles silvestres en el jardín missouliense de mi mamá.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Los gatos y los incendios forestales</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0743-1024x768.jpg" alt="Pine siskins and an American goldfinch feed in the wild sunflowers, where they are vulnerable to outdoor cats." class="wp-image-4524" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0743-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0743-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0743-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0743.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Jilgueritos pineros y un jilguerito canario forrajean en los girasoles silvestres, donde están vulnerables a los gatos al aire libre.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-e4ef9954509c28d4ec6ef4739a403ab5 wp-block-paragraph">Un carro pasa en la calle con mucha prisa. La mayoría de los jilgueritos canarios y pineros saltan volando y retiran hacia el abrigo de las ramas altas de un olmo de Siberia (<em>Ulmus pumila</em>), uno de varios en el vecindario. Un gato doméstico se escabulle entre las plantas, una mascota bien alimentada con los instintos de un asesino, acechando aves cantoras por diversión. </p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-56c326d3175614a576be28558cd458d0 wp-block-paragraph">Hay una cerca rodeando la mayor parte del jardín para impedir la entrada de los venados, y también suele disuadir a los gatos. Pero los girasoles están fuera de la cerca. Y no son todos en el vecindario que saben que los gatos al aire libre causan la mayor cantidad de muertes directas de aves que podríamos evitar. Los gatos <a href="https://www.allaboutbirds.org/news/faq-outdoor-cats-and-their-effects-on-birds/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">matan a más de 1,300 millones de aves por año solo en Estados Unidos</a>. Aquí, los gatos siguen merodeando por las calles, y los girasoles—aunque claramente a las aves del barrio les interesan—no son completamente seguros.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-21ea4f6e409a785fafcc28a90dfd6712 wp-block-paragraph">Al siguiente día el humo está peor, y al siguiente también. Una capa sutil de cenizas desde el incendio más cercano, el Incendio de Sharrott Creek 39 kilómetros al sur, cubre mi carro. Bebo un té de menta que coseché del jardín en un esfuerzo para calmar mi garganta seca, irritada y áspera con humo.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Esperando la lluvia</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-full is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="785" height="682" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Windy-screenshot-9-9-2024.jpg" alt="Wildfires and atmospheric pollution (PM2.5) in the western United States versus Bolivia, Paraguay and western Brazil, September 9, 2024. " class="wp-image-4525" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Windy-screenshot-9-9-2024.jpg 785w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Windy-screenshot-9-9-2024-300x261.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Windy-screenshot-9-9-2024-768x667.jpg 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 785px) 100vw, 785px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Los incendios y la polución atmosférica (PM2.5) en el oeste de Estados Unidos versus en Bolivia, Paraguay y el occidente de Brasil, 9 de septiembre de 2024. Fuente: <a href="https://www.windy.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Windy.com</a>.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-6e905eceb02d8e39c163351e7ec7ec63 wp-block-paragraph">Veo <a href="https://www.infobae.com/america/america-latina/2024/09/11/incendios-en-bolivia-consumen-una-superficie-comparable-a-la-de-suiza-y-los-bomberos-no-dan-abasto/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">una noticia sobre los incendios por Bolivia</a>, donde se han cancelado las clases presenciales en las escuelas por seis de los nueve departamentos del país por la humarada ahogante. Al checar un mapa de incendios activos y de las concentraciones de partículas finas en la atmósfera, veo con consternación que la situación actual en Sudamérica es mucho peor que la situación ya mala en el oeste de Estados Unidos. <a href="https://www.infobae.com/america/america-latina/2024/09/11/el-humo-de-los-incendios-en-bolivia-y-brasil-afecta-gravemente-la-calidad-del-aire-en-varias-zonas-de-sudamerica/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Desde la Amazonía brasileña hasta Bolivia y Paraguay</a>, una extensión masiva de Sudamérica está salpicada con incendios y oprimida por humo. Cuando le mando los mapas a mi amiga Margaret, ella resume la situación: “estamos jodidos.”</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="825" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0766-1024x825.jpg" alt="A lesser goldfinch feeds in the wild sunflowers." class="wp-image-4527" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0766-1024x825.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0766-300x242.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0766-768x619.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0766.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Un jilguerito dominico forrajea en los girasoles silvestres.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-afc928f73c01ea32bdb2194c49af7d3e wp-block-paragraph">Mientras tanto, los jilgueritos pineros y canarios siguen forrajeando, día tras día, en los girasoles con su plaga de gatos. Un jilguerito dominico (<em>Spinus psaltria</em>) aparece, más pequeño que el jilguerito pinero, y da llamadas lastimeras. Un chipe corona negra (<em>Cardellina pusilla</em>) aletea por el zumaque (<em>Rhus trilobata</em>) y el cerezo silvestre (<em>Prunus virginiana</em>), cazando insectos y llamando intensamente. </p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">La música de la lluvia</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240912_134348136-1024x768.jpg" alt="Rain drips off of the grape arbor over the door of the house." class="wp-image-4528" style="object-fit:cover" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240912_134348136-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240912_134348136-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240912_134348136-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240912_134348136.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">La lluvia gotea del emparrado sobre la puerta a la casa.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-84b65faf6e74fe948419669d8e4da146 wp-block-paragraph">Finalmente llega la lluvia, llevada por un frente frío otoñal. Me despierto escuchando las gotas rítmicas de lluvia que tamborilean alegremente sobre el techo de acero del cobertizo. El emparrado sobre la puerta de la casa canta la música de la lluvia. Un pato de collar (<em>Anas platyrhynchos</em>) hembra ha aparecido en el charco al lado de la calle, graznando de vez en cuando.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1200" height="900" src="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0783.jpg" alt="The mallard stands in runoff along the curb during the rainstorm." class="wp-image-4529" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0783.jpg 1200w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0783-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0783-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0783-768x576.jpg 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">La hembra del pato de collar queda parada en la escorrentía al lado del bordillo durante la lluvia.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-d5b576c327e7a3e5118ec8b53a0a5b25 wp-block-paragraph">Sobre el pavimento de la calle, los charcos corren rápidamente hacia el desagüe. La lluvia que hemos estado rogando fluye hacia el Río Clark Fork, contaminada con una película de aceite de motor.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-6ff2ea4e8bca56c86cfa8145b7eedc28 wp-block-paragraph">En el centro de Helena, Montana, la lluvia causa inundaciones por Last Chance Gulch. Por una tarde, la calle se vuelve un río asfaltado. Y entonces la lluvia preciosa se nos escurre, lluvia buscando plantas y humedales para recibirla.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-4027ba3cf70d7e8fd7d5cb231c0f643b wp-block-paragraph">No hay ni charcos en el jardín de mi mamá ni escorrentía. El verde de las plantas parece más vibrante ya. Hojas de parra y hojas de girasol silvestre, hojas de vara de oro y hojas de hierba de abeja, hojas de olmo de Siberia y la hojarasca del año pasado golpetean y gotean con lluvia. El mantillo de astillas de madera que cubre el suelo y ayuda a conservar humedad durante la sequía ya absorbe el agua. Dentro del suelo, me imagino que las raíces y el micelio están regocijándose.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240912_140517137-1024x768.jpg" alt="The grape arbor and the garden in the rain." class="wp-image-4530" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240912_140517137-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240912_140517137-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240912_140517137-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240912_140517137.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">El emparrado y el jardín en la lluvia.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<h3 class="wp-block-heading">El cambio climático y el té de menta</h3>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-11a0d87b69bf54833941109702fee599 wp-block-paragraph">Entre sequía e incendios, olas de calor y periodos atípicamente templados seguidos inmediatamente por el frío amargo del Ártico <a href="https://www.nationalgeographicla.com/medio-ambiente/2024/01/que-es-la-corriente-en-chorro-y-como-influye-en-el-clima">mientras la corriente polar en chorro se vuelve más débil</a>: el cambio climático está estresando a la vida, en este jardín y por toda la Tierra. Una infección de hongos ocasionada por el cambio abrupto de temperaturas el invierno pasado mató a un chabacano (<em>Prunus armeniaca</em>) en el jardín de mi mamá este año. En Montana ya hemos aprendido a anticipar el humo de incendios cada verano. Este año, lo hemos soportado por dos meses enteros. Desde mi juventud en el Estado aledaño de Idaho, 20 años atrás, no tengo ninguna memoria de ni un solo verano así.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-49ff68504f3db869da28a1e56d6d3b42 wp-block-paragraph">Los jilgueritos pineros han regresado a los girasoles. Bebo otra taza de té de menta del jardín. Durante este tiempo de tanto estrés, las aves y las otras criaturas necesitan nuestra ayuda más que nunca. Y comienza aquí, alrededor de nuestras casas y en nuestras comunidades.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-a76efa94137d0940a68f725883416775 wp-block-paragraph">La escritora Leah Rampy, quien escribió <a href="https://www.leahmoranrampy.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Earth and Soul: Reconnecting amid Climate Chaos</a>, plantea:&nbsp;</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-42953d507f6d4195ce729b394fd264f2 wp-block-paragraph"><em>“Antes de ofrecerle nuestra ayuda a esta Tierra, necesitamos dedicarnos a ser más conscientes de las vidas alrededor de nosotros. Pero aún más, necesitamos aprender de ellas&#8230;. Nuestro reto es abrazar un ritmo nuevo y a la vez anciano de escuchar profundamente como prerrequisito para la colaboración creativa con toda la vida.”</em></p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="803" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0722-1024x803.jpg" alt="A pine siskin feeding in the sunflowers." class="wp-image-4531" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0722-1024x803.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0722-300x235.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0722-768x602.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0722.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Un jilguerito pinero se alimenta de un girasol silvestre.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Sobreviviendo</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="797" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20230520_195655548-1024x797.jpg" alt="Harvesting Siberian elm bark, May 2023." class="wp-image-4532" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20230520_195655548-1024x797.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20230520_195655548-300x234.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20230520_195655548-768x598.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20230520_195655548.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Pizcando la corteza interna del olmo de Siberia, mayo de 2023.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-a44b7582eb5aebff42307f052176378b wp-block-paragraph">Esta colaboración, con los animales y plantas que nos rodean y entre nosotros, puede ayudarnos a sobrevivir. Pienso en cómo mi amiga Cathryn Raan, herborista y cofundadora de la empresa missouliense <a href="https://wildwanders.love/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Wild Wanders</a>, me enseñó sobre los olmos de Siberia (<em>Ulmus pumila</em>). Estos árboles, comunes en el barrio de mi mamá y vistos por muchas personas como maleza, nos dan una corteza interna mucilaginosa en la primavera. Como la menta desde el jardín, es una medicina reconfortante para nuestras gargantas atacadas por el humo. </p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-c0a4566ce48dc1228df763868594cc2e wp-block-paragraph">Recuerdo que mi mamá y yo pizcamos una cantidad de esta corteza interna en mayo de 2023, cuando <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2023/05/17/caos-climatico-sanacion/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">el humo desde incendios forestales en Canadá estaba cubriendo Montana</a>. Ahora decido checar el joven olmo que crece al lado del jardín, cerca del callejón, del que podamos una rama esa primavera para sacar la corteza. El olmo parece estar prosperando a pesar de la adversidad. Sus ramas delgadas sobrepasan mi cabeza. Sus hojas están repletas de gotas de lluvia.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-f0ef11a7d21ad7d1fec0ff8603699410 wp-block-paragraph">En los girasoles en la esquina del jardín, los jilgueritos canarios y pineros siguen forrajeando. Mientras los escucho, pienso en todas las plantas que podemos cuidar—plantas que podrían ayudarlos, y ayudarnos, a sobrevivir el cambio climático.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0744-1024x768.jpg" alt="An American goldfinch feeds on wild sunflowers at the edge of the garden." class="wp-image-4534" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0744-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0744-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0744-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0744.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Un jilguerito canario forrajea en los girasoles silvestres al lado del jardín.</figcaption></figure>
</div>

<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="792" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240912_174516441-1024x792.jpg" alt="The Siberian elm sapling in the rain." class="wp-image-4533" style="object-fit:cover" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240912_174516441-1024x792.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240912_174516441-300x232.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240912_174516441-768x594.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240912_174516441.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">El joven olmo de Siberia en la lluvia.</figcaption></figure>
</div>

<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="736" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240912_174641977-1024x736.jpg" alt="The peppermint patch at the edge of the garden, with a sandbar willow (Salix exigua) providing bird and insect habitat in the background." class="wp-image-4535" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240912_174641977-1024x736.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240912_174641977-300x216.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240912_174641977-768x552.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240912_174641977.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">El parche de menta en el jardín. En el fondo, un sauce (Salix exigua) <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2023/03/24/montana-plantas-nativas-para-aves/">aporta hábitat para aves e insectos</a>.</figcaption></figure>
</div>

<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="847" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240912_174718327-1024x847.jpg" alt="The native wild mint (Mentha arvensis) growing along the side of the house." class="wp-image-4536" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240912_174718327-1024x847.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240912_174718327-300x248.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240912_174718327-768x635.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240912_174718327.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Una especie de menta silvestre nativa (Mentha arvensis) crece al lado de la casa.</figcaption></figure>
</div><p>The post <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2024/10/01/esperando-la-lluvia-sobreviviendo-el-cambio-climatico/">Esperando la lluvia: sobreviviendo el cambio climático</a> appeared first on <a href="https://wildwithnature.com">Wild With Nature</a>.</p>
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		<title>Waiting for rain: making it through climate change</title>
		<link>https://wildwithnature.com/2024/10/01/waiting-for-rain-climate-change/</link>
					<comments>https://wildwithnature.com/2024/10/01/waiting-for-rain-climate-change/#comments</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Shane Sater]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 01 Oct 2024 22:24:34 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Birds]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[English-language stories]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Plants]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Water]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Anas platyrhynchos]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Cardellina pusilla]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[cats]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Cleome serrulata]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[climate change]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[habitat]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Helianthus maximiliani]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mentha arvensis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Prunus virginiana]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Rhus trilobata]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Salix exigua]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Spinus pinus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Spinus psaltria]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Spinus tristis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ulmus pumila]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[wildfires]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://wildwithnature.com/?p=4512</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>It&#8217;s a dry September morning and the sun rises orange through a thick mass of wildfire smoke. The smell of it is the first thing [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2024/10/01/waiting-for-rain-climate-change/">Waiting for rain: making it through climate change</a> appeared first on <a href="https://wildwithnature.com">Wild With Nature</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<figure class="wp-block-image size-full is-resized"><a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2024/10/01/esperando-la-lluvia-sobreviviendo-el-cambio-climatico/"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="706" height="181" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-en-2.jpg" alt="Bilingual nature podcast" class="wp-image-3486" style="width:auto;height:100px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-en-2.jpg 706w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-en-2-300x77.jpg 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 706px) 100vw, 706px" /></a></figure>



<iframe style="border-radius:12px" src="https://open.spotify.com/embed/episode/3UOJaH481fQscIturevbVh?utm_source=generator&#038;t=0" width="100%" height="152" frameBorder="0" allowfullscreen="" allow="autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; fullscreen; picture-in-picture" loading="lazy"></iframe>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240909_144016274-1024x768.jpg" alt="Morning smoke in Missoula, Montana, September 9, 2024." class="wp-image-4523" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240909_144016274-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240909_144016274-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240909_144016274-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240909_144016274.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Morning smoke in Missoula, Montana, September 9, 2024.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-49654e0a841f79ca52a39e3c4940f5d0 wp-block-paragraph">It&#8217;s a dry September morning and the sun rises orange through a thick mass of wildfire smoke. The smell of it is the first thing I notice as I step outside into my mom’s urban Missoula, Montana garden. It’s so dense that Mount Sentinel, three miles away, is just a vague blue silhouette through the haze.&nbsp;</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-d96b0f8f066f3f929d88485696ee168c wp-block-paragraph">But in the tangle of wild sunflowers (<em>Helianthus maximiliani</em>) and Rocky Mountain beeplant (<em>Cleome serrulata</em>) at the corner of my mom’s yard, the American goldfinches (<em>Spinus tristis</em>) and pine siskins (<em>Spinus pinus</em>) are feeding on sunflower seeds. Against the backdrop of forest fires and an increasingly hostile climate, there are still things we can to do provide habitat for our fellow living creatures.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0727-1024x768.jpg" alt="A pine siskin feeds on wild sunflower seeds." class="wp-image-4522" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0727-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0727-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0727-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0727-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0727-2048x1536.jpg 2048w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A pine siskin feeds on wild sunflower seeds in my mom&#8217;s Missoula garden.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Cats and wildfires</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0743-1024x768.jpg" alt="Pine siskins and an American goldfinch feed in the wild sunflowers, where they are vulnerable to outdoor cats." class="wp-image-4524" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0743-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0743-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0743-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0743.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Pine siskins and an American goldfinch feed in the wild sunflowers, where they are vulnerable to outdoor cats.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-2303a9f864aefd2574579f31892115c9 wp-block-paragraph">A car rushes past. Most of the goldfinches and siskins erupt into the air and seek shelter among the high branches of the neighborhood’s Siberian elms (<em>Ulmus pumila</em>). A free-roaming domestic cat slinks past, a well-fed pet with killer instincts, stalking songbirds for sport. The deer fence that surrounds most of my mom’s yard discourages the cats from entering. But the sunflowers are outside of the fence. And not everyone in the neighborhood realizes that free-ranging cats are the number one human-related cause of direct bird deaths, <a href="https://www.allaboutbirds.org/news/faq-outdoor-cats-and-their-effects-on-birds/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">killing over 1.3 billion birds a year in the United States alone</a>. Cats continue to roam the streets, and the sunflowers—although clearly of interest to the neighborhood’s songbirds—are not entirely safe.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-d1d561c58e4d5e64ec15c97cc68c9d8d wp-block-paragraph">The smoke is worse the next day, and the next. A thin film of ashes from the nearest wildfire, the Sharrott Creek Fire 24 miles south of us, covers my car. I sip tea made from peppermint that I harvested from the garden in an attempt to soothe my dry throat, irritated and rough with smoke.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Waiting for rain</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-full is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="785" height="682" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Windy-screenshot-9-9-2024.jpg" alt="Wildfires and atmospheric pollution (PM2.5) in the western United States versus Bolivia, Paraguay and western Brazil, September 9, 2024. " class="wp-image-4525" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Windy-screenshot-9-9-2024.jpg 785w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Windy-screenshot-9-9-2024-300x261.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Windy-screenshot-9-9-2024-768x667.jpg 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 785px) 100vw, 785px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Wildfires and atmospheric pollution (PM2.5) in the western United States versus Bolivia, Paraguay and western Brazil, September 9, 2024. Source: <a href="https://www.windy.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Windy.com</a> app.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-2771ac16f55dbd4c171565d7bc549109 wp-block-paragraph">I see <a href="https://www.infobae.com/america/america-latina/2024/09/11/incendios-en-bolivia-consumen-una-superficie-comparable-a-la-de-suiza-y-los-bomberos-no-dan-abasto/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">a news article about wildfires in Bolivia</a>, where in-person classes have been canceled in the schools in six of the country’s nine departments because the air is choked by smoke. Checking active fires and concentrations of fine particulate in the atmosphere, I’m dismayed to see that the current situation in South America is far worse than the already-bad conditions here in the western United States. <a href="https://www.infobae.com/america/america-latina/2024/09/11/el-humo-de-los-incendios-en-bolivia-y-brasil-afecta-gravemente-la-calidad-del-aire-en-varias-zonas-de-sudamerica/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">From the Brazilian Amazon to Bolivia and Paraguay</a>, a massive swath of South America is dotted with wildfires and oppressed by smoke. When I share the maps with my friend Margaret, she sums it up: “we’re fucking doomed.”</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="825" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0766-1024x825.jpg" alt="A lesser goldfinch feeds in the wild sunflowers." class="wp-image-4527" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0766-1024x825.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0766-300x242.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0766-768x619.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0766.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A lesser goldfinch feeds in the wild sunflowers.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-9326db41ad73565d275722d7f46b9951 wp-block-paragraph">Meanwhile, the siskins and goldfinches continue feeding, day after day, in the cat-plagued sunflowers. A lesser goldfinch (<em>Spinus psaltria</em>) shows up, smaller than the siskins, and calls plaintively. A Wilson&#8217;s warbler (<em>Cardellina pusilla</em>) flits through the skunkbush sumac (<em>Rhus trilobata</em>) and the chokecherry (<em>Prunus virginiana</em>), hunting insects and calling sharply.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Rain music</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240912_134348136-1024x768.jpg" alt="Rain drips off of the grape arbor over the door of the house." class="wp-image-4528" style="object-fit:cover" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240912_134348136-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240912_134348136-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240912_134348136-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240912_134348136.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Rain drips off of the grape arbor over the door of the house.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-4c121edb40e9c39131616fe35dbef596 wp-block-paragraph">Finally the rains arrive, carried by a fall cold front. I wake up to steady raindrops that drum playfully on the steel roof of the shed. The grape arbor over the door of the house sings the music of the rain. A hen mallard (<em>Anas platyrhynchos</em>) has appeared at the puddle along the edge of the street, quacking occasionally.&nbsp;</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0783-1024x768.jpg" alt="The mallard stands in runoff along the curb during the rainstorm." class="wp-image-4529" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0783-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0783-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0783-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0783.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">The mallard stands in runoff along the curb during the rainstorm.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-b91f938c0b69e21b6f37e26c0aac8f36 wp-block-paragraph">On the pavement of the street, the puddles run quickly into the storm drain. The rain we’ve been praying for flows towards the Clark Fork River, anointed with a sheen of motor oil.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-0895e208d182cb388f4e49d931ce4903 wp-block-paragraph">In downtown Helena, the rains cause flooding on Last Chance Gulch. For an afternoon, the street becomes an asphalt river. And then the precious rain slips away, rain in search of plants and wetlands to hold it.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-a479b8a63bff5c420c6c6a9cff22790d wp-block-paragraph">There are no puddles in my mom’s garden, no runoff. The green of the plants seems more vibrant now. Grape leaves and wild sunflower leaves, goldenrod leaves and Rocky Mountain beeplant leaves, Siberian elm leaves and last year’s dead leaves patter and drip with raindrops. The wood chips underneath, which help hold water during the droughts, soak it up now. In the soil, I imagine the roots and the mycelium rejoicing.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240912_140517137-1024x768.jpg" alt="The grape arbor and the garden in the rain." class="wp-image-4530" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240912_140517137-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240912_140517137-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240912_140517137-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240912_140517137.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">The grape arbor and the garden in the rain.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Climate change and mint tea</h3>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-f86b3a13959bf7dcb67903993a587030 wp-block-paragraph">Drought and wildfire, heat waves, unusual warm spells followed by bitter Arctic cold as <a href="https://climate.mit.edu/explainers/polar-jet-stream-and-polar-vortex">the jet stream gets weaker</a>: climate change is stressing life, in this garden and on this earth. A fungal infection brought on by last winter’s sudden temperature change killed an apricot tree in my mom’s yard this year. By now we’ve learned to expect wildfire smoke every summer in Montana. This year, we’ve had two months of it. As a kid 20 years ago in neighboring Idaho, I don’t remember a single summer like this.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-6350a7524c022e26cde979a24092068e wp-block-paragraph">The siskins have returned to the sunflowers. I sip another cup of mint tea from the garden. In this time of great stress, the birds and the other creatures need our help more than ever. And it starts here, around our homes and in our communities.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-0c1a10ef90ed283be52f5048b565695f wp-block-paragraph">Leah Rampy, author of <a href="https://www.leahmoranrampy.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Earth and Soul: Reconnecting amid Climate Chaos</a>, writes:&nbsp;</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-3e877d6db68d17619bc8e9c41c2467bc wp-block-paragraph"><em>“Before we offer our support to this Earth, we must dedicate ourselves to increased awareness of the lives around us. But more than that, we must learn from them…. Our challenge is to embrace a new-yet-ancient rhythm of deep listening as a prerequisite for creative collaboration with all life.”</em></p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="803" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0722-1024x803.jpg" alt="A pine siskin feeding in the sunflowers." class="wp-image-4531" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0722-1024x803.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0722-300x235.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0722-768x602.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0722.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A pine siskin feeding in the sunflowers.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Making it through</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="797" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20230520_195655548-1024x797.jpg" alt="Harvesting Siberian elm bark, May 2023." class="wp-image-4532" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20230520_195655548-1024x797.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20230520_195655548-300x234.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20230520_195655548-768x598.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20230520_195655548.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Harvesting Siberian elm bark, May 2023.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-baeb2d50d61861ba41775aea55aaedb2 wp-block-paragraph">This collaboration, with the animals and plants around us and with each other, can help us make it through. I think of how my friend Cathryn Raan, herbalist and cofounder of the Missoula-based company <a href="https://wildwanders.love/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Wild Wanders</a>, taught me about the Siberian elms (<em>Ulmus pumila</em>). These trees, common in my mom’s neighborhood and regarded by many as weeds, give us a mucilaginous inner bark in the spring. Like the mint from the garden, it’s a soothing medicine for our smoke-roughened throats.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-ad56e7989c471d2581c5138d7e30c6fa wp-block-paragraph">I remember how my mom and I gathered some of the inner bark in May of 2023, when <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2023/05/17/climate-chaos-healing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">smoke from wildfires in Canada was blanketing Montana</a>. I decide to check on the young elm growing at the edge of the yard, near the alley, where we pruned a branch that spring to harvest the inner bark. The elm seems to be thriving in spite of adversity, spindly branches reaching taller than my head, leaves beaded with rain.&nbsp;</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-42531dd7bc5817758cce93edd48c81c2 wp-block-paragraph">In the sunflowers at the edge of the yard, the goldfinches and pine siskins continue feeding. As I listen to them, I think about all of the plants we can encourage—plants that may help them, and us, make it through climate change.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0744-1024x768.jpg" alt="An American goldfinch feeds on wild sunflowers at the edge of the garden." class="wp-image-4534" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0744-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0744-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0744-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0744.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">An American goldfinch feeds on wild sunflowers at the edge of the garden.</figcaption></figure>
</div>

<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="792" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240912_174516441-1024x792.jpg" alt="The Siberian elm sapling in the rain." class="wp-image-4533" style="object-fit:cover" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240912_174516441-1024x792.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240912_174516441-300x232.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240912_174516441-768x594.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240912_174516441.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">The Siberian elm sapling in the rain.</figcaption></figure>
</div>

<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="736" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240912_174641977-1024x736.jpg" alt="The peppermint patch at the edge of the garden, with a sandbar willow (Salix exigua) providing bird and insect habitat in the background." class="wp-image-4535" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240912_174641977-1024x736.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240912_174641977-300x216.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240912_174641977-768x552.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240912_174641977.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">The peppermint patch at the edge of the garden, with a sandbar willow (Salix exigua) <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2023/03/24/montana-native-plants-for-birds/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">providing bird and insect habitat</a> in the background.</figcaption></figure>
</div>

<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="847" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240912_174718327-1024x847.jpg" alt="The native wild mint (Mentha arvensis) growing along the side of the house." class="wp-image-4536" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240912_174718327-1024x847.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240912_174718327-300x248.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240912_174718327-768x635.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240912_174718327.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">The native wild mint (Mentha arvensis) growing along the side of the house.</figcaption></figure>
</div><p>The post <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2024/10/01/waiting-for-rain-climate-change/">Waiting for rain: making it through climate change</a> appeared first on <a href="https://wildwithnature.com">Wild With Nature</a>.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
					
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		<title>How to grow a bird-friendly garden in western Montana</title>
		<link>https://wildwithnature.com/2023/03/24/montana-native-plants-for-birds/</link>
					<comments>https://wildwithnature.com/2023/03/24/montana-native-plants-for-birds/#comments</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Shane Sater]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 24 Mar 2023 18:30:15 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Birds]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[English-language stories]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Plants]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Acanthis flammea]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Alberta beardtongue]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Alnus incana]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Amelanchier alnifolia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[American plum]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Aquilegia flavescens]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Artemisia cana]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Artemisia frigida]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Artemisia ludoviciana]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Artemisia tridentata]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[beebalm]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Betula occidentalis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[big sagebrush]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[black cottonwood]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[blue elderberry]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Bombycilla cedrorum]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Bombycilla garrulus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[bristly gooseberry]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Canada goldenrod]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Cardellina pusilla]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[chokecherry]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[common juniper]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[common snowberry]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[common sunflower]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Cornus sericea]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Fragaria vesca]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Fragaria virginiana]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[fringed sage]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[fuzzy-tongue penstemon]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[gardening]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Geothlypis trichas]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[giant goldenrod]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[golden currant]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[habitat]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Helianthus annuus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Helianthus maximiliani]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Helianthus nuttallii]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[horizontal juniper]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Icterus bullockii]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[insect diversity]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ipomopsis aggregata]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Juniperus horizontalis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Juniperus scopulorum]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Lonicera ciliosa]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Lupinus argenteus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Lupinus sericeus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Maximilian sunflower]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Missouri goldenrod]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Monarda fistulosa]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Myadestes townsendi]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Nootka rose]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Nucifraga columbiana]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Nuttall&#039;s sunflower]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[orange honeysuckle]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Penstemon albertinus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Penstemon eriantherus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Pinus flexilis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Pinus ponderosa]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[plains cottonwood]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Poecile atricapillus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ponderosa pine]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Populus balsamifera]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Populus deltoides]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Populus tremuloides]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Prunus americana]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Prunus virginiana]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[quaking aspen]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[red-osier dogwood]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ribes setosum]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Rocky Mountain juniper]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Rosa nutkana]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Rosa woodsii]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Salix exigua]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Salix scouleriana]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sambucus cerulea]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[sandbar willow]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[scarlet gilia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Scouler&#039;s willow]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[serviceberry]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Setophaga coronata]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Setophaga petechia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Setophaga ruticilla]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Shepherdia argentea]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sialia mexicana]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[silky lupine]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[silver buffaloberry]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[silver sagebrush]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[silvery lupine]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[small-flower beardtongue]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Solidago canadensis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Solidago gigantea]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Solidago missouriensis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sorbus scopulina]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Spinus tristis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Symphoricarpos albus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Symphoricarpos occidentalis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Turdus migratorius]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[western mountain-ash]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[western snowberry]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[western tanager]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[white sagebrush]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[wild strawberry]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Wood&#039;s rose]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[yellow columbine]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Zonotrichia leucophrys]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://wildwithnature.com/?p=2092</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>When you compare the birds of a manicured lawn with those that inhabit a grove of chokecherries, the difference is stark. The lawn might support [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2023/03/24/montana-native-plants-for-birds/">How to grow a bird-friendly garden in western Montana</a> appeared first on <a href="https://wildwithnature.com">Wild With Nature</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<figure class="wp-block-image size-full is-resized"><a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2023/03/24/montana-plantas-nativas-para-aves/"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="706" height="181" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-en-2.jpg" alt="Bilingual nature podcast" class="wp-image-3486" style="width:auto;height:100px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-en-2.jpg 706w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-en-2-300x77.jpg 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 706px) 100vw, 706px" /></a></figure>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><iframe style="border-radius:12px" src="https://open.spotify.com/embed/episode/72zazh2hHu9nqy7snFYA6T?utm_source=generator&amp;t=0" width="100%" height="152" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="" allow="autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; fullscreen; picture-in-picture" loading="lazy"></iframe></p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="870" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70973801-1024x870.jpg" alt="A juvenile cedar waxwing eating a chokecherry." class="wp-image-2104" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70973801-1024x870.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70973801-300x255.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70973801-768x653.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70973801.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A juvenile cedar waxwing eating a chokecherry.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">When you compare the birds of a manicured lawn with those that inhabit a grove of chokecherries, the difference is stark. The lawn might support a few starlings and robins. Perhaps, late in spring migration, a handful of desperate Swainson’s thrushes might stop by. The chokecherries, on the other hand, support an intricate community of life, from two-tailed swallowtail butterflies to dozens of species of songbirds. When the fruits ripen in late summer to a deep, juicy black, they attract cedar waxwings, Townsend’s solitaires, western tanagers, American robins, and house finches. Meanwhile, throughout the growing season, the foliage supports a diversity of insects &#8211; and the birds that eat them. Flitting among the leaves, you can find Wilson’s warblers, ruby-crowned kinglets, yellow-rumped warblers, and warbling vireos.&nbsp;</p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="872" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70017851-1024x872.jpg" alt="A migrating Wilson's warbler in a chokecherry." class="wp-image-2105" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70017851-1024x872.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70017851-300x256.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70017851-768x654.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70017851.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A migrating Wilson&#8217;s warbler in a chokecherry.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">When we consider the diversity of life around us, it’s easy to see a lot of bad news these days. We’ve lost <a href="https://www.birds.cornell.edu/home/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/DECLINE-OF-NORTH-AMERICAN-AVIFAUNA-SCIENCE-2019.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">2.9 billion breeding birds</a> in North America over the last 50 years. Scientists have reported <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0006320718313636" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">steep declines of once-common insects</a>. But by making a few simple decisions about what we plant in our gardens, we can be part of reversing these trends. In our yards, parks, and neighborhoods, we can provide homes for the birds, bees, and caterpillars. But doing this isn&#8217;t just about avoiding extinctions &#8211; it&#8217;s also a lot of fun.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">This article is focused on plants for bird-friendly gardens in the western half of Montana, USA. If you live elsewhere, the specific plants will be different, but the general recommendations will be the same.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color">Getting started: habitat for birds</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="795" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/59362931-1024x795.jpg" alt="An American robin taking a bath." class="wp-image-2107" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/59362931-1024x795.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/59362931-300x233.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/59362931-768x596.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/59362931.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">An American robin taking a bath.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Every species of bird is unique in its life story. The habitats it uses, the foods it eats, where it nests, whether it migrates &#8211; all of this varies. Nevertheless, all birds need food, shelter, water, and safety from predators. Plants provide excellent food and shelter &#8211; especially particular species of plants that are native to the local landscape. But before we get into the specifics of these plants, let’s consider water and predators.&nbsp;</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Some birds, such as American kestrels, can get most or all of the moisture they need from their food. Otherwise, birds need to drink water. Including a source of water in your garden, such as a regularly cleaned bird bath or a backyard wetland, can attract birds to drink or bathe.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Watch out for predators</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="807" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220523_002444234-1024x807.jpg" alt="An &quot;Acopian bird saver&quot; bird-friendly window in Ruth Swenson's Helena, MT garden." class="wp-image-2150" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220523_002444234-1024x807.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220523_002444234-300x237.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220523_002444234-768x605.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220523_002444234.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">An &#8220;Acopian bird saver&#8221; bird-friendly window in Ruth Swenson&#8217;s Helena, MT garden.</figcaption></figure>
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<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">What about predators in our yards? Outdoor cats are incredibly deadly for neighborhood songbirds. In the United States alone, cats kill <a href="https://abcbirds.org/news/outdoor-cats-single-greatest-source-of-human-caused-mortality-for-birds-and-mammals-says-new-study/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">well over a billion birds a year</a>. This number is so large that it’s almost unimaginable. But there are <em>a lot</em> of outdoor cats in the United States: around 50 million pets, in addition to as many as 100 million feral cats. Managing outdoor cats, <a href="https://www.allaboutbirds.org/news/faq-outdoor-cats-and-their-effects-on-birds/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">especially feral ones</a>, can be a contentious topic. But keeping your own cats indoors is a relatively easy step to take. By doing so, you&#8217;ll help ensure that your bird-friendly garden doesn&#8217;t become a death trap for songbirds.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Windows may not be predators, but they&#8217;re another deadly neighborhood hazard for songbirds. In the United States, they’re estimated to kill <a href="https://bioone.org/journals/the-condor/volume-116/issue-1/CONDOR-13-090.1/Birdbuilding-collisions-in-the-United-States--Estimates-of-annual/10.1650/CONDOR-13-090.1.full" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">over 350 million birds a year</a>. <a href="https://www.allaboutbirds.org/news/why-birds-hit-windows-and-how-you-can-help-prevent-it/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">An article by the Cornell Lab of Ornithology</a> gives an overview of this issue and discusses several solutions. Of these, <a href="https://www.birdsavers.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Acopian Bird Savers</a> are probably one of the most elegant. This is an unobtrusive, low-tech design that consists of vertical rows of cords, spaced four inches apart, that hang from the outside of the window. You can make your own out of parachute cord or bamboo, or you can order them online.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Including different habitat features</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="789" height="1024" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/69595041-789x1024.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-2108" style="width:400px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/69595041-789x1024.jpg 789w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/69595041-231x300.jpg 231w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/69595041-768x997.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/69595041-1183x1536.jpg 1183w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/69595041.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 789px) 100vw, 789px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Clark&#8217;s nutcrackers are common birds in and around conifer forest, but are generally rare away from this habitat.</figcaption></figure>
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<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Broadly speaking, all birds are associated with one or more of three general habitats: forest, prairie, or wetland. What habitats make up the larger landscape surrounding you? The answer to this question will shape the possibilities for your bird-friendly garden.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Is your home in the middle of a Douglas-fir forest, or is it in a valley-bottom subdivision? Clark&#8217;s nutcrackers probably won&#8217;t visit your garden unless you have patches of conifers close to you. Similarly, you probably won’t attract marsh wrens or Wilson’s snipes to your yard unless you live very close to a wetland. Meanwhile, many prairie birds need relatively large patches of grasses and herbs. So unless this describes the area around your house, you probably won’t have grasshopper sparrows or western meadowlarks in your yard. Many birds of thickets and forest edges, on the other hand, will readily use yards during migration or the breeding season. And, of course, there are a variety of birds that use more than one of these habitats.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">In general, in order to make your yard more inviting for birds, it’s worth considering components of all three habitats: forest, prairie, and wetland. A small water feature probably won’t attract Wilson’s snipes &#8211; but, once again, a bit of water in the yard will allow birds to drink and bathe. A prairie patch the size of a front yard is unlikely to bring in grasshopper sparrows, but it will offer important seeds and insects for thicket-edge birds such as chipping sparrows. And patches of native shrubs or trees, such as chokecherries, provide food and cover for a wide diversity of migrating and nesting songbirds.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color">Why native plants?</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="863" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/85451811-1024x863.jpg" alt="A bohemian waxwing feeds on fruits of Russian-olive, an invasive tree." class="wp-image-2109" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/85451811-1024x863.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/85451811-300x253.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/85451811-768x647.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/85451811.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A bohemian waxwing feeding on the fruits of Russian-olive, an invasive tree.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">You’ve probably noticed that I keep mentioning <strong>native</strong> plants for birds. <em>Why does this matter?</em> you might be wondering. Perhaps you’ve noticed that robins and Bohemian waxwings often eat the fruits of Russian-olive (<em>Elaeagnus angustifolia</em>), a frequently-planted invasive that escapes from cultivation to compete with the cottonwoods and willows along our waterways. Or you might have noticed a house finch or pileated woodpecker pecking at an apple, another non-native fruit.&nbsp;</p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="963" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/240159601-1024x963.jpg" alt="A western bluebird feeding on an adult moth. Insects - especially the larvae of butterflies and moths - are critical foods for most of our songbirds." class="wp-image-2110" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/240159601-1024x963.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/240159601-300x282.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/240159601-768x722.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/240159601.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A western bluebird feeding on an adult moth. Insects &#8211; especially the larvae of butterflies and moths &#8211; are critical foods for most of our songbirds.</figcaption></figure>
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<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Yes, there <em>are</em> non-native plants that certain birds will use. But, all things considered, native plants are far superior for our birds. Why? It comes down to food &#8211; and, specifically, insects. Doug Tallamy, a researcher who has spent decades studying birds and insects, writes that 96% of North American land birds rely heavily on insects during the breeding season. Soft, juicy caterpillars are especially important. And whereas native plants have coevolved with native insects, non-native plants are comparative deserts for insect diversity. </p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">A non-native plant like Russian-olive may still provide fruits that feed a few species. But in comparison with a chokecherry or another native plant, it’s much less useful for most of our birds. If you want to attract an abundance of birds to your yard, then native plants are the way to go.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph"><em>Okay, which plants should I plant for the birds?</em> you’re probably asking. Here are some recommendations for western Montana, organized by the foods they provide.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color">Native plants for insects</h3>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">What sorts of native plants provide our birds with the most insects? In order to give region-specific recommendations, Doug Tallamy and Kimberley Shropshire teamed up with the National Wildlife Federation to create <a href="https://www.nwf.org/NativePlantFinder/Plants" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">an interactive website, searchable by zip code</a>. For each zip code, this tool predicts the number of caterpillar species that different native plants will support. And in North America, it turns out, wherever you are, just a handful of native plants support most of the caterpillars.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="821" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/241778961-1024x821.jpg" alt="A western tanager in a native diamond willow (Salix eriocephala)." class="wp-image-2111" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/241778961-1024x821.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/241778961-300x241.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/241778961-768x616.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/241778961.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A western tanager in a native diamond willow (Salix eriocephala).</figcaption></figure>
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<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/163104721-1024x768.jpg" alt="A yellow warbler singing from a chokecherry." class="wp-image-2112" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/163104721-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/163104721-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/163104721-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/163104721.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A yellow warbler singing from a chokecherry.</figcaption></figure>
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<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Around Helena, Montana, willows are at the top of the list. These shrubs host up to 309 species of caterpillars &#8211; juicy protein packets to feed our nesting birds. Many of our native willows grow in wetlands, but <strong>Scouler’s willow (<em>Salix scouleriana</em>)</strong> and <strong>sandbar willow (<em>Salix exigua</em>)</strong> are common species that often grow in somewhat drier areas. </p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Cottonwoods and aspens are also high on the list, hosting up to 245 butterflies and moths. Among the cottonwoods are <strong>black cottonwood (<em>Populus balsamifera</em>)</strong> and <strong>plains cottonwood (<em>Populus deltoides</em>)</strong> &#8211; but keep in mind that these trees are notorious for dropping branches. Meanwhile, <strong>quaking aspen (<em>Populus tremuloides</em>)</strong> forms thickets from underground rhizomes. For these reasons, cottonwoods and aspens are best-suited for larger yards.&nbsp;</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph"><strong>Chokecherry (<em>Prunus virginiana</em>)</strong> and <strong>American plum (<em>Prunus americana</em>)</strong> are thicket-forming shrubs that are excellent for bird habitat. (They support up to 227 species of caterpillars &#8211; and check out <a href="http://wildwithnature.com/2022/06/03/chokecherries-and-birds/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">this article</a> for an exploration of other miniature insects that live on chokecherries.) However, if you live in an area with a high risk of bear conflicts, keep in mind that chokecherries and plums can attract bears when the fruits get ripe in the fall.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Birches, alders, and pines</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="802" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/237377911-1024x802.jpg" alt="A common yellowthroat in a thinleaf alder." class="wp-image-2113" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/237377911-1024x802.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/237377911-300x235.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/237377911-768x602.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/237377911.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A common yellowthroat in a thinleaf alder.</figcaption></figure>
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<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Our native birches host 211 species of caterpillars. <strong>Water birch (<em>Betula occidentalis</em>)</strong> is a small tree that often grows along streams; <strong>paper birch (<em>Betula papyrifera</em>) </strong>gets much larger. And birches do more than just provide lots of insects. Their trunks (like those of cottonwoods and aspens) also make popular homes for cavity-nesting birds like black-capped chickadees and house wrens. (If you don’t want to wait for your trees to grow, the Cornell Lab of Ornithology also provides <a href="https://nestwatch.org/learn/all-about-birdhouses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">thorough instructions for nest box construction</a>.) The related <strong>thinleaf alder (<em>Alnus incana</em>)</strong> is a large shrub or small tree that hosts 196 species of butterflies and moths.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="794" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/73020331-1024x794.jpg" alt="Red crossbills feeding on ponderosa pine cones." class="wp-image-2164" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/73020331-1024x794.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/73020331-300x233.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/73020331-768x595.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/73020331.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Red crossbills feeding on ponderosa pine cones.</figcaption></figure>
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<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Among the conifers, pines (<em>Pinus</em> spp.) are important for caterpillars, supporting up to 188 species. Around Helena, <strong>ponderosa pine (<em>Pinus ponderosa</em>)</strong> and<strong> limber pine (<em>Pinus flexilis</em>)</strong> are good options. However, keep in mind that they grow to be rather large trees. Also, depending on your surroundings, you might not want to plant them near your house due to fire risk.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Goldenrods, strawberries, and more</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="853" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/21_Solidago-gigantea15-1024x853.jpg" alt="A noctuid moth (Euxoa sp.) visiting giant goldenrod flowers." class="wp-image-2114" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/21_Solidago-gigantea15-1024x853.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/21_Solidago-gigantea15-300x250.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/21_Solidago-gigantea15-768x640.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/21_Solidago-gigantea15.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A noctuid moth (Euxoa sp.) visiting giant goldenrod flowers.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">What about herbaceous plants? For caterpillars, goldenrod is at the top of the list, hosting 65 species. Common goldenrods in Montana include <strong>giant goldenrod (<em>Solidago gigantea</em>)</strong>, <strong>Canada goldenrod (<em>Solidago canadensis</em>)</strong>, and <strong>Missouri goldenrod (<em>Solidago missouriensis</em>)</strong>. These plants are commonly blamed for late-summer allergies, but <a href="https://fmr.org/updates/conservation/goldenrod-or-ragweed-which-causes-allergies-and-which-benefits-pollinators" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">this is a myth</a>: the culprits are typically ragweeds (<em>Ambrosia</em> spp.), which bloom around the same time. </p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="824" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/74861251-1024x824.jpg" alt="Many plants that provide insects also provide fruits or seeds. This common redpoll is foraging on a seedhead of big sagebrush, presumably eating the seeds." class="wp-image-2116" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/74861251-1024x824.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/74861251-300x242.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/74861251-768x618.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/74861251.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Many plants that provide insects also provide fruits or seeds. This common redpoll is foraging on a seedhead of big sagebrush, presumably eating the seeds.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Other herbs that support substantial numbers of butterflies and moths are native strawberries and sunflowers. Wild strawberries (<strong><em>Fragaria virginiana</em></strong> and <strong><em>Fragaria vesca</em></strong>) are low-growing; they may not compete well with taller, more vigorous plants. Sunflowers, on the other hand, are both tall and vigorous. In Montana, <strong>common sunflower (<em>Helianthus annuus</em>)</strong> is an abundant annual that often grows along roadsides. We also have two common perennial species, <strong>Nuttall’s sunflower (<em>Helianthus nuttallii</em>)</strong> and <strong>Maximilian sunflower (<em>Helianthus maximiliani</em>)</strong>.&nbsp;</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Lupines and sagebrushes are also worthy of mention, supporting up to 40 and 35 species of caterpillars, respectively. <strong>Silvery lupine (<em>Lupinus argenteus</em>)</strong> and <strong>silky lupine (<em>Lupinus sericeus</em></strong>) are a couple of Montana’s common lupines. Sagebrushes are very diverse in Montana and include shrubs such as <strong>big sagebrush (<em>Artemisia tridentata</em>)</strong> and <strong>silver sagebrush (<em>Artemisia cana</em>)</strong> as well as herbs such as <strong>fringed sage (<em>Artemisia frigida</em>)</strong> and <strong>white sagebrush (<em>Artemisia ludoviciana</em>)</strong>.&nbsp;</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color">Native plants for fruits</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70018061-1024x768.jpg" alt="A white-crowned sparrow eating red-osier dogwood fruits." class="wp-image-2117" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70018061-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70018061-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70018061-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70018061.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A white-crowned sparrow eating red-osier dogwood fruits.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">I’ve already mentioned chokecherry for the diversity of insects that it hosts. In addition to the insects, this shrub is also a phenomenal fall fruit resource for cedar waxwings, American robins, and many other birds. And besides chokecherry, there’s a wide selection of other native fruits that attract birds, from July onwards through the winter. Many of these plants also host a notable diversity of caterpillars (though they support fewer species of caterpillars than the shrubs and trees I’ve already mentioned).</p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="838" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/63690211-1024x838.jpg" alt="A cedar waxwing feeding on golden currant fruits." class="wp-image-2138" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/63690211-1024x838.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/63690211-300x246.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/63690211-768x628.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/63690211.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A cedar waxwing feeding on golden currant fruits.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph"><strong>Red-osier dogwood (<em>Cornus sericea</em>) </strong>offers clusters of small white fruits from mid-summer through fall. Gray catbirds and white-crowned sparrows are among the birds that feed on them. This medium-sized shrub also has brilliant red fall foliage. </p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">The native currants &#8211; such as <strong>golden currant (<em>Ribes aureum</em>)</strong> and <strong>bristly gooseberry (<em>Ribes setosum</em>)</strong> &#8211; are some of the earliest fruits to ripen in the summer. They provide a tasty snack for birds and people alike. <strong>Serviceberry (<em>Amelanchier alnifolia</em>)</strong> is another popular summer fruit for cedar waxwings, western tanagers, and thrushes.&nbsp;</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Elderberry, snowberry, and more</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200921_184528038-1024x768.jpg" alt="Silver buffaloberry (Shepherdia argentea)." class="wp-image-2157" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200921_184528038-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200921_184528038-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200921_184528038-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200921_184528038.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Silver buffaloberry (Shepherdia argentea).</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph"><strong>Blue elderberry (<em>Sambucus cerulea</em>)</strong> ripens in the fall, as does <strong>western mountain-ash (<em>Sorbus scopulina</em>)</strong>. The snowberries &#8211; <strong>common snowberry (<em>Symphoricarpos albus</em>)</strong> and <strong>western snowberry (<em>Symphoricarpos occidentalis</em>)</strong> &#8211; also ripen in the fall, but their fruits stick around through the winter. So do the wild roses, such as <strong>Woods’ rose (<em>Rosa woodsii</em>)</strong> and <strong>Nootka rose (<em>Rosa nutkana</em>)</strong>. <strong>Silver buffaloberry (<em>Shepherdia argentea</em>)</strong> is a great fall fruit that sometimes remains through mid-winter. Note that this is a large, thorny bush, though, and separate male and female plants are needed for pollination.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="769" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/69356431-1024x769.jpg" alt="A Townsend's solitaire feeding on Rocky Mountain juniper fruits." class="wp-image-2118" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/69356431-1024x769.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/69356431-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/69356431-768x577.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/69356431.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A Townsend&#8217;s solitaire feeding on Rocky Mountain juniper fruits.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph"><strong>Rocky Mountain juniper (</strong><strong><em>Juniperus scopulorum</em></strong><strong>) </strong>is a tall shrub that provides winter “berries” (actually fleshy cones) for Bohemian waxwings, Townsend’s solitaires, and American robins. Keep in mind that juniper, like silver buffaloberry, has separate male and female plants, so you’ll need both in your general area for pollination to occur. Juniper is also highly flammable &#8211; so it’s probably not a good idea to plant it in areas with high fire risk. Montana also has two lower-growing juniper species that provide options for smaller spaces: <strong>horizontal juniper (</strong><strong><em>Juniperus horizontalis</em></strong><strong>)</strong> and <strong>common juniper (</strong><strong><em>Juniperus communis</em></strong><strong>)</strong>.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color">Native plants for seeds</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="824" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/384210431-1024x824.jpg" alt="An American goldfinch feeding on late-fall seeds of common sunflower." class="wp-image-2119" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/384210431-1024x824.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/384210431-300x242.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/384210431-768x618.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/384210431.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">An American goldfinch feeding on late-fall seeds of common sunflower.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Many birds &#8211; such as American goldfinches, American tree sparrows, and pine siskins &#8211; commonly feed on seeds. In the case of sparrows, it’s often hard to see exactly what they’re eating, since they feed on the ground. Nevertheless, a few seed-bearing plants are especially noteworthy for the birds they attract. Montana’s native sunflowers &#8211; the annual <strong>common sunflower</strong> and the perennial<strong> Nuttall’s </strong>and <strong>Maximilian sunflowers </strong>&#8211; reliably attract goldfinches and pine siskins when their seeds ripen in the fall. Our pines, such as <strong>ponderosa</strong> and <strong>limber pine</strong>, feed nomadic groups of conifer-seed specialists such as red crossbills and Clark’s nutcrackers. <strong>Thinleaf alder, water birch,</strong> and <strong>paper birch</strong> provide winter seeds that often attract common redpolls and pine siskins.&nbsp;And many other native plants, from asters to grasses, also produce seeds that various finches and sparrows may use.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color">Native plants for nectar</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220608_233105315-1024x768.jpg" alt="Fuzzy-tongue penstemon." class="wp-image-2120" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220608_233105315-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220608_233105315-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220608_233105315-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220608_233105315.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Fuzzy-tongue penstemon.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">What about hummingbirds? These tiny, beloved hoverers often catch tiny insects &#8211; so providing habitat for insects is important to them, too. In addition, they’re well-known for their nectar-feeding habits. A variety of native plants with long, tubular flowers are popular hummingbird plants. These include <strong>orange honeysuckle (<em>Lonicera ciliosa</em>)</strong>, <strong>yellow columbine (<em>Aquilegia flavescens</em>)</strong>, <strong>scarlet gilia (<em>Ipomopsis aggregata</em>)</strong>, <strong>beebalm (<em>Monarda fistulosa</em>)</strong>, and the penstemons. Among western Montana&#8217;s common penstemons are <strong>Alberta beardtongue (<em>Penstemon albertinus</em>)</strong>, <strong>fuzzy-tongue penstemon (<em>Penstemon eriantherus</em>)</strong>, and <strong>small-flower beardtongue (<em>Penstemon procerus</em>)</strong>.&nbsp;In addition, some of the plants I&#8217;ve already mentioned for insects or fruits &#8211; such as golden currant &#8211; are popular nectar sources for hummingbirds.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color">Obtaining plants</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/252690541-1024x768.jpg" alt="A black-capped chickadee foraging for insects on serviceberry." class="wp-image-2121" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/252690541-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/252690541-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/252690541-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/252690541-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/252690541-2048x1536.jpg 2048w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A black-capped chickadee foraging for insects on serviceberry.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Where can you find these plants? Some local nurseries, such as <a href="https://www.gardenwerks.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">GardenWerks</a> in Helena, carry a limited selection of native plants. In addition, I was able to find three retail nurseries in western and central Montana that offer a wide selection of natives:&nbsp;</p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li><strong>Blake Nursery</strong>, Big Timber, MT: <a href="https://www.blakenursery.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.blakenursery.com/</a></li>



<li><strong>Center for Native Plants</strong>, Whitefish, MT: <a href="https://centerfornativeplants.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://centerfornativeplants.com/</a></li>



<li><strong>Pipilo Native Plants</strong>, Charlo, MT: <a href="https://www.pipilonatives.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.pipilonatives.com/</a></li>
</ul>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">(A fourth nursery, Southwest Montana Native Landscapes, has unfortunately closed, though it still shows up on a Google search.)</p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="777" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/59362881-1024x777.jpg" alt="A Bullock's oriole in a black cottonwood." class="wp-image-2122" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/59362881-1024x777.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/59362881-300x228.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/59362881-768x582.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/59362881.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A Bullock&#8217;s oriole in a black cottonwood.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">To find out more, I contacted these nurseries and asked them which plants they stock, of those I list in this article. <a href="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Native-plants-for-birds.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Find their responses here</a>.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">In addition to these retail nurseries, there are a few other commercial sources of native plants in western Montana. For larger projects, the <a href="https://dnrc.mt.gov/Forestry/Conservation-Nursery/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Montana Conservation Seedling Nursery</a> and <a href="https://www.greatbearnativeplants.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Great Bear Native Plants</a> accept wholesale orders. And if you want to start your own plants, <a href="https://nativeideals.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Native Ideals</a> sells locally grown seeds for a variety of Montana species. </p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200926_181848814-1024x768.jpg" alt="American plum." class="wp-image-2160" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200926_181848814-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200926_181848814-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200926_181848814-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200926_181848814.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">American plum.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Note that certain nurseries that don&#8217;t specialize in native plants may “stretch” the concept of &#8220;native&#8221; to include species that aren’t from Montana. For example, <em>Penstemon strictus</em> is sometimes sold as a native plant, but it grows in the wild in the southern Rocky Mountains and doesn’t reach Montana. When in doubt, look a plant up on the Montana Natural Heritage Program’s <a href="https://fieldguide.mt.gov/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Montana Field Guide</a> to learn about its status in the state, or check out the Biota of North America Program’s <a href="http://bonap.net/NAPA/Genus/Traditional/County" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">county-level range maps</a>. These maps are organized by genus and show the distribution, by county, of all wild and naturalized plants in the United States.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color">The bird-friendly garden</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="874" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/238615571-1024x874.jpg" alt="An American redstart in an aspen." class="wp-image-2123" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/238615571-1024x874.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/238615571-300x256.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/238615571-768x655.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/238615571.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">An American redstart in an aspen.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Is this a comprehensive list of all of the plants that are important for bird-friendly gardening in Montana? <em>No!</em> I’ve neglected to mention native maples (<em>Acer</em> spp.), raspberries (<em>Rubus </em>spp.), hawthorns (<em>Crataegus</em> spp.), and many others. </p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">When it comes to growing habitat for birds, there are always more plants you can add. But even if you do nothing more than add a patch of chokecherries and a handful of goldenrods to your yard, where previously there was just lawn, you&#8217;ll have made a good start. As the chokecherries leaf out in the spring, wait for the yellow-rumped warblers to appear, hunting insects. When the fruits ripen in the fall, look for the flocks of cedar waxwings and robins. And if you have the space in your yard to include all of the plants I&#8217;ve mentioned here, along with a water source&#8230; in a few years, your yard will be a paradise for birds. </p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph"><em>This story was produced with support from the <a href="https://goldcountrymg.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Gold Country Master Gardener Association</a>.</em></p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color">Further reading</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="869" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/158204741-1024x869.jpg" alt="A yellow-rumped warbler in a willow." class="wp-image-2126" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/158204741-1024x869.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/158204741-300x255.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/158204741-768x652.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/158204741.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A yellow-rumped warbler in a willow.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Acopian Bird Savers: prevent birds from flying into windows. Retrieved from <a href="https://www.birdsavers.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.birdsavers.com/</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">American Bird Conservancy. (2013, January 29). Outdoor cats: single greatest source of human-caused mortality for birds and mammals, says new study. Retrieved from <a href="https://abcbirds.org/news/outdoor-cats-single-greatest-source-of-human-caused-mortality-for-birds-and-mammals-says-new-study/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://abcbirds.org/news/outdoor-cats-single-greatest-source-of-human-caused-mortality-for-birds-and-mammals-says-new-study/</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Biota of North America Program. (2014). BONAP’s North American Plant Atlas (NAPA). Retrieved from <a href="http://bonap.net/NAPA/Genus/Traditional/County" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://bonap.net/NAPA/Genus/Traditional/County</a></p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200910_131503868-1024x768.jpg" alt="Wetland habitat: a beaver dam with common cattail (Typha latifolia) and sandbar willow." class="wp-image-2161" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200910_131503868-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200910_131503868-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200910_131503868-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200910_131503868.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Wetland habitat: a beaver dam with common cattail (Typha latifolia) and sandbar willow. This area is home to red-winged blackbirds, Wilson&#8217;s snipes, song sparrows, common yellowthroats, and more.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Center for Native Plants. (n.d.) Our most bird friendly species. Retrieved from <a href="https://centerfornativeplants.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/cnp_plantselection_birds-1.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://centerfornativeplants.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/cnp_plantselection_birds-1.pdf</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Cornell Lab of Ornithology. (2016, December 5). FAQ: Outdoor cats and their effects on birds. Retrieved from <a href="https://www.allaboutbirds.org/news/faq-outdoor-cats-and-their-effects-on-birds/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.allaboutbirds.org/news/faq-outdoor-cats-and-their-effects-on-birds/</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Cornell Lab of Ornithology. (2023). All about birdhouses. Retrieved from <a href="https://nestwatch.org/learn/all-about-birdhouses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://nestwatch.org/learn/all-about-birdhouses/</a></p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><a href="http://wildwithnature.com/2022/06/10/life-at-plant-speed/"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="722" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220608_235306800.MP_-1024x722.jpg" alt="Native grassland habitats can host extremely diverse plant communities. This rocky hilltop community includes cutleaf daisy (Erigeron compositus), Sandberg bluegrass (Poa secunda), white-margined phlox (Phlox albomarginata), and stemless goldenweed (Stenotus acaulis)." class="wp-image-2162" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220608_235306800.MP_-1024x722.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220608_235306800.MP_-300x212.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220608_235306800.MP_-768x541.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220608_235306800.MP_.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Native prairie habitats can host extremely diverse plant communities. <a href="http://wildwithnature.com/2022/06/10/life-at-plant-speed/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">This rocky hilltop community</a> includes cutleaf daisy (Erigeron compositus), Sandberg bluegrass (Poa secunda), white-margined phlox (Phlox albomarginata), and stemless goldenweed (Stenotus acaulis). Common grassland-nesting birds in western Montana include western meadowlarks and vesper sparrows. A yard-sized patch of prairie probably won&#8217;t attract these birds unless you live within a larger patch of grassland &#8211; but chipping sparrows, goldfinches, and more will likely show up to feed on seeds and insects.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Cornell Lab of Ornithology. (2023, February 24). Why birds hit windows &#8211; and how you can help prevent it. Retrieved from <a href="https://www.allaboutbirds.org/news/why-birds-hit-windows-and-how-you-can-help-prevent-it/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.allaboutbirds.org/news/why-birds-hit-windows-and-how-you-can-help-prevent-it/</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Friends of the Mississippi River. (2022). Goldenrod or ragweed: which causes allergies and which benefits pollinators? Retrieved from <a href="https://fmr.org/updates/conservation/goldenrod-or-ragweed-which-causes-allergies-and-which-benefits-pollinators" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://fmr.org/updates/conservation/goldenrod-or-ragweed-which-causes-allergies-and-which-benefits-pollinators</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Loss, S.R., Will, T., Loss, S.S., &amp; Marra, P.P. (2014). Bird-building collisions in the United States: estimates of annual mortality and species vulnerability. <em>The Condor</em> 116(1):8-23. Retrieved from <a href="https://bioone.org/journals/the-condor/volume-116/issue-1/CONDOR-13-090.1/Birdbuilding-collisions-in-the-United-States--Estimates-of-annual/10.1650/CONDOR-13-090.1.full" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://bioone.org/journals/the-condor/volume-116/issue-1/CONDOR-13-090.1/Birdbuilding-collisions-in-the-United-States&#8211;Estimates-of-annual/10.1650/CONDOR-13-090.1.full</a></p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/S36769226_Riparian-1024x768.jpg" alt="Native shrub thickets such as this one host an incredible diversity of birds. This thicket includes red-osier dogwood, western snowberry, and thinleaf alder. Common summer birds here include yellow warblers, gray catbirds, cedar waxwings, and song sparrows." class="wp-image-2163" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/S36769226_Riparian-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/S36769226_Riparian-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/S36769226_Riparian-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/S36769226_Riparian.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Native shrub thickets such as this one host an incredible diversity of birds. This thicket includes red-osier dogwood, western snowberry, and thinleaf alder. Common summer birds here include yellow warblers, gray catbirds, cedar waxwings, and song sparrows.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Montana Natural Heritage Program. (n.d.). Montana Field Guide. Montana State Library. Retrieved from <a href="https://fieldguide.mt.gov/default.aspx" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://fieldguide.mt.gov/default.aspx</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Narango, D.L., Tallamy, D.W., &amp; Shropshire, K.J. (2020). Few keystone plant genera support the majority of Lepidoptera species. <em>Nature Communications</em> 11:5751. Retrieved from <a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/345818119_Few_keystone_plant_genera_support_the_majority_of_Lepidoptera_species" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.researchgate.net/publication/345818119_Few_keystone_plant_genera_support_the_majority_of_Lepidoptera_species</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">National Wildlife Federation. (2023). Native plants (by zip code). Retrieved from <a href="https://www.nwf.org/NativePlantFinder/Plants" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.nwf.org/NativePlantFinder/Plants</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Rosenberg, K.V., Dokter, A.M., Blancher, P.J., Sauer, J.R., Smith, A.C., Smith, P.A., … Marra, P.P. (2019). Decline of the North American avifauna. <em>Science </em>366:120-124. Retrieved from <a href="https://www.birds.cornell.edu/home/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/DECLINE-OF-NORTH-AMERICAN-AVIFAUNA-SCIENCE-2019.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.birds.cornell.edu/home/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/DECLINE-OF-NORTH-AMERICAN-AVIFAUNA-SCIENCE-2019.pdf</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Sánchez-Bayo, F. &amp; Wyckhuys, K.A.G. (2019). Worldwide decline of the entomofauna: a review of its drivers. <em>Biological Conservation</em> 232: 8-27. Retrieved from <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0006320718313636" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0006320718313636</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Smallwood, J.A. &amp; Bird, D.M. (2020). American kestrel (<em>Falco sparverius</em>), version 1.0. <em>In</em> Birds of the World (A.F. Poole &amp; F.B. Gill, editors). Ithaca, NY: Cornell Lab of Ornithology. Retrieved from <a href="https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/amekes/cur/introduction" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/amekes/cur/introduction</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Tallamy, D.W. (2019). <em>Nature’s best hope: a new approach to conservation that starts in your yard.</em> Portland, OR: Timber Press.</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2023/03/24/montana-native-plants-for-birds/">How to grow a bird-friendly garden in western Montana</a> appeared first on <a href="https://wildwithnature.com">Wild With Nature</a>.</p>
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			</item>
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		<title>Cómo cultivar un jardín para las aves en el occidente de Montana</title>
		<link>https://wildwithnature.com/2023/03/24/montana-plantas-nativas-para-aves/</link>
					<comments>https://wildwithnature.com/2023/03/24/montana-plantas-nativas-para-aves/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Shane Sater]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 24 Mar 2023 09:05:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Aves]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Historias en español]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Plantas]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Acanthis flammea]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Alberta beardtongue]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Alnus incana]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Amelanchier alnifolia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[American plum]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Aquilegia flavescens]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Artemisia cana]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Artemisia frigida]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Artemisia ludoviciana]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[beebalm]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Betula occidentalis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[big sagebrush]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[black cottonwood]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[blue elderberry]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Bombycilla cedrorum]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Bombycilla garrulus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[bristly gooseberry]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Canada goldenrod]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Cardellina pusilla]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[chokecherry]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[common juniper]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[common snowberry]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[common sunflower]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Cornus sericea]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Fragaria vesca]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[fringed sage]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[fuzzy-tongue penstemon]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[gardening]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Geothlypis trichas]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[giant goldenrod]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[golden currant]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[habitat]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Helianthus annuus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Helianthus maximiliani]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Helianthus nuttallii]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[horizontal juniper]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Icterus bullockii]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[insect diversity]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ipomopsis aggregata]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Juniperus horizontalis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Lonicera ciliosa]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Lupinus argenteus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Lupinus sericeus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Maximilian sunflower]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Missouri goldenrod]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Monarda fistulosa]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Myadestes townsendi]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Nuttall&#039;s sunflower]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[orange honeysuckle]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Penstemon albertinus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Penstemon eriantherus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Pinus flexilis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Pinus ponderosa]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[plains cottonwood]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Poecile atricapillus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ponderosa pine]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Populus balsamifera]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Populus deltoides]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Populus tremuloides]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Prunus americana]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Prunus virginiana]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[quaking aspen]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[red-osier dogwood]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ribes setosum]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Rocky Mountain juniper]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Rosa nutkana]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Rosa woodsii]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Salix exigua]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Salix scouleriana]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sambucus cerulea]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[sandbar willow]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[scarlet gilia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Scouler&#039;s willow]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[serviceberry]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Setophaga petechia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Setophaga ruticilla]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Shepherdia argentea]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sialia mexicana]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[silky lupine]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[silver buffaloberry]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[silver sagebrush]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Spinus tristis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Symphoricarpos albus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Symphoricarpos occidentalis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Turdus migratorius]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[western mountain-ash]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[western snowberry]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[western tanager]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[white sagebrush]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[wild strawberry]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Wood&#039;s rose]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[yellow columbine]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Zonotrichia leucophrys]]></category>
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					<description><![CDATA[<p>Cuando comparas las aves de un césped cortado con las que viven en un parche de capulines (Prunus virginiana), la diferencia es fuerte. Tal vez [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2023/03/24/montana-plantas-nativas-para-aves/">Cómo cultivar un jardín para las aves en el occidente de Montana</a> appeared first on <a href="https://wildwithnature.com">Wild With Nature</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<figure class="wp-block-image size-full is-resized"><a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2023/03/24/montana-native-plants-for-birds/"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="734" height="188" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-es-2.jpg" alt="Podcast bilingüe de la naturaleza" class="wp-image-3489" style="width:auto;height:100px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-es-2.jpg 734w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-es-2-300x77.jpg 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 734px) 100vw, 734px" /></a></figure>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><iframe style="border-radius:12px" src="https://open.spotify.com/embed/episode/0wNCCVGqs4qunaX8xuJW4P?utm_source=generator&amp;t=0" width="100%" height="152" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="" allow="autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; fullscreen; picture-in-picture" loading="lazy"></iframe></p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="870" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70973801-1024x870.jpg" alt="A juvenile cedar waxwing eating a chokecherry." class="wp-image-2104" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70973801-1024x870.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70973801-300x255.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70973801-768x653.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70973801.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Un chinito joven comiendo una fruta del capulín.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Cuando comparas las aves de un césped cortado con las que viven en un parche de capulines (<em>Prunus virginiana</em>), la diferencia es fuerte. Tal vez el césped mantendría a unos estorninos pintos (<em>Sturnus vulgaris</em>) y mirlos primavera (<em>Turdus migratorius</em>). Es posible que, al final de la migración primaveral, unos desesperados zorzales de anteojos (<em>Catharus ustulatus</em>) pudieran pasar por ahí. </p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="872" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70017851-1024x872.jpg" alt="A migrating Wilson's warbler in a chokecherry." class="wp-image-2105" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70017851-1024x872.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70017851-300x256.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70017851-768x654.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70017851.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Un chipe corona negra en un capulín durante la migración.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Los capulines, por otro lado, mantienen una intrincada comunidad de vida, desde la mariposa cometa xochiquetzal (<em>Papilio multicaudata</em>) hasta docenas de especies de aves. Cuando las frutas maduran a ser jugosas y de color negro profundo al final del verano, atraen chinitos (<em>Bombycilla cedrorum</em>), clarines norteños (<em>Myadestes townsendii</em>), pirangas capucha roja (<em>Piranga ludoviciana</em>), mirlos primavera y pinzones mexicanos (<em>Haemorhous mexicanus</em>). Por otra parte, a través de la estación de crecimiento, las hojas mantienen diversos insectos &#8211; y las aves que los comen. Puedes ver chipes corona negra (<em>Cardellina pusilla</em>) revoloteando por las hojas, así como reyezuelos matraquita (<em>Regulus calendula</em>), chipes rabadilla amarilla (<em>Setophaga coronata</em>) y vireos gorjeadores (<em>Vireo gilvus</em>).</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Cuando consideramos la diversidad de la vida cerca de nosotros, es fácil ver varias malas noticias en esa época. Durante los últimos 50 años, hemos perdido <a href="https://www.birds.cornell.edu/home/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/DECLINE-OF-NORTH-AMERICAN-AVIFAUNA-SCIENCE-2019.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">2,9 mil millones de aves reproductoras</a> en Norteamérica. A la vez, científicos en varias partes del mundo han reportado <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0006320718313636" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">declives rápidos de insectos que solían ser comunes</a>. Sin embargo, al tomar algunas simples decisiones sobre lo que vamos a cultivar en nuestros jardines, podemos contribuir en revertir estas tendencias. En nuestros jardines, parques y vecindarios, podemos proveer hogares para las aves, las abejas y las orugas. Y hacerlo no sólo tiene que ver con evitar extinciones &#8211; también es algo muy divertido.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Este artículo se enfoca en las plantas que podemos cultivar para las aves en la mitad occidental de Montana, EE.UU. Si vives en otra región, las plantas específicas serán diferentes, pero las recomendaciones generales serán las mismas. </p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color">Empezando: el hábitat para las aves</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="795" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/59362931-1024x795.jpg" alt="An American robin taking a bath." class="wp-image-2107" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/59362931-1024x795.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/59362931-300x233.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/59362931-768x596.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/59362931.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Un mirlo primavera bañándose.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Cada especie de ave tiene su propia historia de vida. Los hábitats que usa, dónde anida, si emigra o no &#8211; todo esto varía. Sin embargo, todas las aves necesitan comida, abrigo, agua y seguridad contra los depredadores. Las plantas &#8211; en concreto, especies particulares de plantas nativas al paisaje local &#8211; ofrecen buena comida y abrigo. Pero antes de que pongamos atención a los detalles de estas plantas, consideremos el agua y los depredadores.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Algunas aves, como los cernícalos americanos (<em>Falco sparverius</em>), pueden conseguir en su comida más o menos toda la humedad que necesitan. El resto de las aves tienen que beber agua. Si incluyes una provisión de agua en tu jardín, tal como un baño de aves que limpias regularmente o un humedal pequeño, puedes atraer las aves a beber o bañarse.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Ten cuidado con los depredadores</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="807" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220523_002444234-1024x807.jpg" alt="An &quot;Acopian bird saver&quot; bird-friendly window in Ruth Swenson's Helena, MT garden." class="wp-image-2150" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220523_002444234-1024x807.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220523_002444234-300x237.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220523_002444234-768x605.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220523_002444234.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Una ventana buena para aves en el jardín de Ruth Swenson en Helena, MT.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">¿Qué hay de los depredadores en nuestros jardines? Los gatos domésticos al aire libre pueden ser increíblemente letales para las aves cantoras en los vecindarios. Sólo en los Estados Unidos, los gatos domésticos matan a <a href="https://abcbirds.org/news/outdoor-cats-single-greatest-source-of-human-caused-mortality-for-birds-and-mammals-says-new-study/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">más de mil millones de aves cada año</a>. Este número es tan grande que es casi inimaginable. No obstante, hay <em>muchos</em> gatos domésticos al aire libre en los Estados Unidos: cerca de 50 millones como mascotas, además de hasta 100 millones de gatos ferales. Manejar estos gatos, <a href="https://www.allaboutbirds.org/news/faq-outdoor-cats-and-their-effects-on-birds/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">especialmente los ferales</a>, puede ser un asunto de disputa. Pero mantener tus propios gatos dentro de la casa es un paso relativamente fácil. Haciendo esto, vas a hacer que tu jardín no sea una trampa letal para las aves cantoras.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Las ventanas no son depredadores, pero son otro letal peligro para las aves cantoras en el vecindario. En los Estados Unidos, se estima que matan <a href="https://bioone.org/journals/the-condor/volume-116/issue-1/CONDOR-13-090.1/Birdbuilding-collisions-in-the-United-States--Estimates-of-annual/10.1650/CONDOR-13-090.1.full" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">más de 350 millones de aves cada año</a>. <a href="https://www.allaboutbirds.org/news/why-birds-hit-windows-and-how-you-can-help-prevent-it/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Un artículo por el Cornell Lab of Ornithology</a> resume este tema y presenta algunas soluciones. De estas, probablemente <a href="https://www.birdsavers.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">los Salvapájaros Acopianos</a> son una de las más elegantes. Este discreto diseño de baja tecnología consiste en hileras verticales de cuerdas, separadas por cuatro pulgadas, que cuelgan del exterior de una ventana. Puedes construirlos por ti mismo usando cualquier cuerda o bambú, o puedes comprarlos en línea.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Incluyendo características de hábitats diferentes</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="789" height="1024" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/69595041-789x1024.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-2108" style="width:400px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/69595041-789x1024.jpg 789w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/69595041-231x300.jpg 231w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/69595041-768x997.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/69595041-1183x1536.jpg 1183w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/69595041.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 789px) 100vw, 789px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Los cascanueces americanos son aves comunes en el bosque conífero, pero están raros fuera de este hábitat.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Hablando en general, todas las aves están asociadas con uno o más de tres grandes hábitats: el bosque, la pradera o el humedal. ¿Cuáles de estos hábitats forman el paisaje cerca de ti? La respuesta a esta pregunta va a influir en las posibilidades para tu jardín para las aves.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">¿Vives en el medio de un bosque del ayarín (<em>Pseudotsuga menziesii</em>), o en una zona residencial en el valle? Los cascanueces americanos (<em>Nucifraga columbiana</em>) probablemente no vayan a visitar tu jardín a menos que tengas parches de coníferos cerca de ti. Igualmente, es probable que no vayas a atraer ni saltaparedes pantaneros (<em>Cistothorus palustris</em>) ni agachonas norteamericanas (<em>Gallinago delicata</em>) a menos que vivas cerca de un humedal. </p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Por otra parte, la mayoría de las aves que viven en las praderas necesitan relativamente amplios espacios abiertos con gramíneas y hierbas. Por eso, a menos que esto describa el área cerca de tu casa, es probable que no tendrás gorriones chapulín (<em>Ammodramus savannarum</em>) ni praderos del oeste (<em>Sturnella neglecta</em>) en tu jardín. Mientras tanto, varias aves de matorrales o de los bordes de los bosques sí usarán jardines durante la migración o la estación reproductiva. Y, por supuesto, hay varias especies que usan más de uno de estos hábitats.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Generalmente, para hacer que tu jardín invite más a las aves, vale considerar componentes de estos tres hábitats: el bosque, la pradera y el humedal. Es poco probable que un estanque pequeño atraerá las agachonas norteamericanas &#8211; pero, otra vez, el agua hará que las aves puedan beber y bañarse. Tampoco es probable que un pequeño parche de pradera mantendrá a gorriones chapulín, pero ofrecerá importantes semillas e insectos a las aves del borde del matorral, tales como los gorriones cejas blancas (<em>Spizella passerina</em>). Y los parches de nativos árboles y arbustos, como los capulines, van a proveer comida y abrigo para diversas aves migratorias y reproductivas.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color">¿Por qué las plantas nativas?</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="863" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/85451811-1024x863.jpg" alt="A bohemian waxwing feeds on fruits of Russian-olive, an invasive tree." class="wp-image-2109" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/85451811-1024x863.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/85451811-300x253.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/85451811-768x647.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/85451811.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Un ampelis europeo comiendo las frutas del árbol del paraíso, un árbol invasor.</figcaption></figure>
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<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Probablemente te hayas dado cuenta de que sigo mencionando las plantas <strong>nativas</strong> para las aves. <em>¿Por qué eso sería importante?</em> podrías preguntarte. Tal vez hayas notado que los mirlos primavera y los ampelis europeos (<em>Bombycilla garrulus</em>) suelen comer las frutas del árbol del paraíso (<em>Elaeagnus angustifolia</em>), una planta invasora frecuentemente cultivada que a menudo escapa del cultivo para competir contra los álamos y sauces nativos en nuestras riberas. O quizás hayas observado un pinzón mexicano (<em>Haemorhous mexicanus</em>) o un picamaderos norteamericano (<em>Dryocopus pileatus</em>) picoteando una manzana &#8211; otra fruta no nativa.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="963" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/240159601-1024x963.jpg" alt="A western bluebird feeding on an adult moth. Insects - especially the larvae of butterflies and moths - are critical foods for most of our songbirds." class="wp-image-2110" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/240159601-1024x963.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/240159601-300x282.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/240159601-768x722.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/240159601.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Un azulejo garganta azul alimentándose con una polilla adulta. Los insectos &#8211; especialmente las larvas de las mariposas y las polillas &#8211; son recursos esenciales para la mayoría de nuestras aves cantoras.</figcaption></figure>
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<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Sí, claro que <em>hay</em> plantas no nativas que algunas aves usarán. Pero en conjunto, las plantas nativas son bastante superiores para nuestras aves. ¿Por qué? Tiene que ver con la comida &#8211; y específicamente, los insectos. Doug Tallamy, un investigador que ha pasado décadas estudiando las aves y los insectos, escribe que el 96% de las aves terrestres norteamericanas depende muchísimo de los insectos durante la estación reproductiva. Las orugas blandas y jugosas son especialmente importantes. Y mientras que las plantas nativas han coevolucionado con los insectos nativos, en comparación las plantas no nativas son un desierto para la diversidad de insectos.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Puede ser que una planta no nativa como el árbol del paraíso siga proveyendo frutas que alimenten algunas especies. Pero comparado con un capulín u otra planta nativa, es mucho menos útil para la mayoría de nuestras aves. Si quieres atraer una abundancia de aves a tu jardín, las plantas nativas te ayudarán mucho.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph"><em>Dale, ¿cuáles especies debo plantar para las aves?</em> podrías estar preguntando. Acá están algunas recomendaciones para el occidente de Montana, organizadas según los tipos de alimento que proveen.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color">Plantas nativas para los insectos</h3>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">¿Cuáles plantas nativas les proveen la mayor cantidad de insectos a nuestras aves? Para hacer recomendaciones para regiones diferentes, Doug Tallamy y Kimberley Shropshire colaboraron con el National Wildlife Federation para crear <a href="https://www.nwf.org/NativePlantFinder/Plants" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">un sitio web interactivo que se puede buscar por el código postal</a>. Por cada código postal, esta herramienta predice cuántas especies de orugas cada planta nativa mantendrá. Y resulta que, en cualquier región de Norteamérica en la que estés, solamente unas especies de plantas nativas mantienen la mayoría de las orugas.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="821" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/241778961-1024x821.jpg" alt="A western tanager in a native diamond willow (Salix eriocephala)." class="wp-image-2111" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/241778961-1024x821.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/241778961-300x241.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/241778961-768x616.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/241778961.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Una piranga capucha roja en un sauce nativo (<em>Salix eriocephala</em>).</figcaption></figure>
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<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Cerca de Helena, Montana, los sauces (<em>Salix</em> spp.) encabezan la lista. Estos arbustos acogen hasta 309 especies de orugas &#8211; jugosos sacos de proteína para alimentar nuestras aves reproductivas. Muchos de nuestros sauces nativos crecen en humedales, pero <strong><em>Salix scouleriana</em> </strong>y <strong><em>Salix exigua</em> </strong>son especies comunes que suelen crecer en áreas más secas.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/163104721-1024x768.jpg" alt="A yellow warbler singing from a chokecherry." class="wp-image-2112" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/163104721-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/163104721-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/163104721-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/163104721.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Un chipe amarillo cantando en un capulín.</figcaption></figure>
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<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Los álamos (<em>Populus</em> spp.) también son muy importantes para las orugas, manteniendo hasta 245 especies. Entre ellos están las especies <em><strong>Populus balsamifera</strong></em> y <em><strong>Populus deltoides</strong></em> &#8211; pero fíjate en que estos árboles son reconocidos por caersele las ramas. Otra opción es <strong>el álamo temblón (<em>Populus tremuloides</em>)</strong>, pero esta especie forma matorrales por sus rizomas subterráneos. Por estas razones, los álamos son más apropiados en espacios grandes.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph"><strong>El capulín (<em>Prunus virginiana</em>) </strong>y<strong> la ciruela americana (<em>Prunus americana</em>)</strong> forman matorrales y son arbustos excelentes para el hábitat de las aves. (Albergan hasta 227 especies de orugas &#8211; y ve <a href="http://wildwithnature.com/2022/06/03/chokecherries-and-birds/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">este artículo</a> por una exploración de los otros minúsculos insectos que viven en los capulines). Sin embargo, si vives en un área con alto riesgo de conflictos con los osos, fíjate en que los capulines y las ciruelas pueden atraer osos cuando las frutas maduran en el otoño.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Abedules, alisos y pinos</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="802" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/237377911-1024x802.jpg" alt="A common yellowthroat in a thinleaf alder." class="wp-image-2113" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/237377911-1024x802.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/237377911-300x235.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/237377911-768x602.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/237377911.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Una mascarita común en un aliso gris.</figcaption></figure>
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<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Nuestros abedules nativos (<em>Betula</em> spp.) mantienen 211 especies de orugas. La <strong><em>Betula occidentalis</em> </strong>es un árbol pequeño que suele crecer al lado de los arroyos; la <em><strong>Betula papyrifera</strong></em> es un árbol mucho más grande. Y los abedules hacen mucho más que sólo proveer un montón de insectos. Sus troncos (como los de los álamos) son sitios populares para los nidos de las aves que anidan en cavidades, tales como los carboneros cabecinegros (<em>Poecile atricapillus</em>) o los saltaparedes comunes (<em>Troglodytes aedon</em>). (Si no quieres esperar hasta que tus árboles crezcan, el Cornell Lab of Ornithology también provee <a href="https://nestwatch.org/learn/all-about-birdhouses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">instrucciones detalladas de montaje para las cajas nido</a>). Además de los abedules, <strong>el aliso gris (<em>Alnus incana</em>)</strong>, una especie pariente, es un arbusto grande o un árbol pequeño que mantiene 196 especies de orugas.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="794" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/73020331-1024x794.jpg" alt="Red crossbills feeding on ponderosa pine cones." class="wp-image-2164" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/73020331-1024x794.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/73020331-300x233.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/73020331-768x595.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/73020331.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Unos picotuertos rojos alimentándose de una piña del pino ponderosa.</figcaption></figure>
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<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Entre los coníferos, los pinos (<em>Pinus</em> spp.) son importantes para las orugas, alojando hasta 188 especies. Cerca de Helena, la <em><strong>Pinus ponderosa</strong></em> y la <strong><em>Pinus flexilis</em> </strong>son opciones buenas. Sin embargo, recuerda que crecen para ser árboles bastante grandes. También, dependiendo de tus alrededores, podría ser que no quieras plantarlos cerca de tu casa por el riesgo de incendios.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Varas de oro, fresas y más</h3>


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<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="853" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/21_Solidago-gigantea15-1024x853.jpg" alt="A noctuid moth (Euxoa sp.) visiting giant goldenrod flowers." class="wp-image-2114" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/21_Solidago-gigantea15-1024x853.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/21_Solidago-gigantea15-300x250.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/21_Solidago-gigantea15-768x640.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/21_Solidago-gigantea15.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Una polilla de la familia Noctuidae (<em>Euxoa</em> sp.) visitando las flores de la vara de oro gigante.</figcaption></figure>
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<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Y ¿qué tal las plantas herbáceas? Para las orugas, la vara de oro (<em>Solidago</em> spp.) encabeza la lista, albergando 65 especies. Varas de oro comunes en Montana incluyen <em><strong>Solidago gigantea, Solidago canadensis</strong></em> y <em><strong>Solidago missouriensis</strong></em>. A menudo se culpan estas plantas por alergias al fin del verano, pero<a href="https://fmr.org/updates/conservation/goldenrod-or-ragweed-which-causes-allergies-and-which-benefits-pollinators" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"> esto es un mito</a>: típicamente los culpables son las plantas del género <em>Ambrosia</em>, que florecen a la misma vez.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="824" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/74861251-1024x824.jpg" alt="Many plants that provide insects also provide fruits or seeds. This common redpoll is foraging on a seedhead of big sagebrush, presumably eating the seeds." class="wp-image-2116" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/74861251-1024x824.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/74861251-300x242.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/74861251-768x618.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/74861251.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Varias plantas que aportan insectos también aportan frutas o semillas. Este pardillo norteño está alimentándose en una inflorescencia de artemisa (<em>Artemisia tridentata</em>), donde probablemente está comiendo las semillas.</figcaption></figure>
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<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Otras hierbas que mantienen números grandes de mariposas y polillas incluyen las nativas fresas y girasoles. Las fresas (<em><strong>Fragaria virginiana</strong></em> y <em><strong>Fragaria vesca</strong></em>) se mantienen bajas; puede ser que no compitan bien con plantas más altas y vigorosas. Los girasoles, al otro lado, son tanto altos como vigorosos. En Montana, <strong>el</strong> <strong>girasol común (</strong><em><strong>Helianthus annuus</strong></em><strong>)</strong> es una abundante planta anual que suele crecer al lado de las carreteras. También tenemos dos especies perennes comunes, <strong><em>Helianthus nuttallii</em></strong> y <strong><em>Helianthus maximiliani</em></strong>.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">También cabe mencionar los lupinos y las artemisas, que respectivamente alojan 40 y 35 especies de orugas. Algunos de los lupinos comunes en Montana son <strong><em>Lupinus argenteus</em></strong> y <strong><em>Lupinus sericeus</em></strong>. Las artemisas son muy diversas en Montana e incluyen tanto arbustos, entre ellos la <strong><em>Artemisia tridentata</em></strong> o la <strong><em>Artemisia cana</em></strong>, como hierbas, por ejemplo la <em><strong>Artemisia frigida</strong></em> o la <strong><em>Artemisia ludoviciana</em></strong>.  </p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color">Plantas nativas para proveer frutas</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70018061-1024x768.jpg" alt="A white-crowned sparrow eating red-osier dogwood fruits." class="wp-image-2117" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70018061-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70018061-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70018061-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70018061.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Un gorrión corona blanca comiendo las frutas de <em>Cornus sericea</em>.</figcaption></figure>
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<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Ya he mencionado que el capulín mantiene una diversidad de insectos. Además de los insectos, este arbusto también provee frutas. En el otoño, el capulín es un recurso fenomenal para los chinitos, los mirlos primavera y muchas otras aves. Y además del capulín, hay una amplia variedad de otras frutas nativas que atraen las aves, desde julio hasta el invierno. Muchas de estas plantas también albergan una diversidad notable de orugas (aunque apoyan menos especies de orugas que los árboles y arbustos que ya he mencionado).</p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="838" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/63690211-1024x838.jpg" alt="A cedar waxwing feeding on golden currant fruits." class="wp-image-2138" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/63690211-1024x838.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/63690211-300x246.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/63690211-768x628.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/63690211.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Un chinito comiendo las frutas de la grosella <em>Ribes aureum.</em></figcaption></figure>
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<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">La <strong><em>Cornus sericea</em> </strong>ofrece manojos de pequeñas frutas blancas desde medio verano hasta el otoño. Los maulladores grises (<em>Dumetella caroliniensis</em>) y los gorriones corona blanca (<em>Zonotrichia leucophrys</em>) están entre las aves que las comen. Este arbusto de media altura también tiene un llamativo follaje otoñal de rojo oscuro.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Las grosellas nativas &#8211; tales como el <strong><em>Ribes aureum</em></strong> o el <strong><em>Ribes setosum</em></strong> &#8211; son algunas de las frutas más tempranas al madurar en el verano. Ofrecen una merienda sabrosa, tanto para las aves como para gente. <strong>El guillomo (<em>Amelanchier alnifolia</em>)</strong> es otra querida fruta veraniega para los chinitos, las pirangas capucha roja y los zorzales.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Saúcos, perlitas y más</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200921_184528038-1024x768.jpg" alt="Silver buffaloberry (Shepherdia argentea)." class="wp-image-2157" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200921_184528038-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200921_184528038-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200921_184528038-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200921_184528038.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">El arbusto <em>Shepherdia argentea</em>.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Las frutas del<strong> saúco azul (<em>Sambucus cerulea</em>)</strong> maduran en el otoño, así como las del serbal (<strong><em>Sorbus scopulina</em></strong>). Las bayas de las perlitas &#8211; <strong><em>Symphoricarpos albus</em></strong> y <strong><em>Symphoricarpos occidentalis</em></strong> &#8211; también maduran en el otoño, pero siguen siendo disponible a través del invierno. Esto es el caso también por los rosales, tales como <strong><em>Rosa woodsii</em></strong> y <strong><em>Rosa nutkana</em></strong>. El arbusto <em><strong>Shepherdia argentea</strong></em> es otra buena especie cuyas frutas a veces permanecen hasta medio invierno. Sin embargo, nota que este arbusto es grande y espinoso, y se necesita distintas hembras y machos para polinizarlo. </p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="769" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/69356431-1024x769.jpg" alt="A Townsend's solitaire feeding on Rocky Mountain juniper fruits." class="wp-image-2118" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/69356431-1024x769.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/69356431-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/69356431-768x577.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/69356431.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Un clarín norteño comiendo las frutas del enebro <em>Juniperus scopulorum</em>.</figcaption></figure>
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<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">El enebro<strong> <em>Juniperus scopulorum</em> </strong>es un arbusto de gran altura que provee &#8220;bayas&#8221; invernales (las cuales realmente son piñas carnosas) para los ampelis europeos, los clarines norteños y los mirlos primavera. Fíjate en que el enebro, así como la <em>Shepherdia argentea</em>, tiene distintas hembras y machos: vas a necesitar los dos en tu área general para que la polinización ocurra. Además, el enebro es altamente inflamable &#8211; así que probablemente sería una mala idea plantarlo en áreas con alto riesgo de incendios. Montana también tiene dos enebros de más baja altura, el <strong><em>Juniperus horizontalis</em></strong> y el <strong><em>Juniperus communis</em></strong>, que proveen opciones para espacios más pequeños.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color">Plantas nativas para proveer semillas</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="824" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/384210431-1024x824.jpg" alt="An American goldfinch feeding on late-fall seeds of common sunflower." class="wp-image-2119" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/384210431-1024x824.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/384210431-300x242.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/384210431-768x618.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/384210431.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Un jilguerito canario comiendo las semillas del girasol común en la parte tarde del otoño.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Varias aves &#8211; como los jilgueritos canarios (<em>Spinus tristis</em>), los jilgueritos pineros (<em>Spinus pinus</em>), los chingolos arbóreos (<em>Spizelloides arborea</em>) y otros gorriones &#8211; a menudo se alimentan de semillas. En el caso de los gorriones, generalmente es difícil ver exactamente lo que comen, dado que suelen alimentarse en el suelo. No obstante, algunas plantas son especialmente notables por las aves que sus semillas atraen. </p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Los girasoles en Montana &#8211; el anual <em><strong>Helianthus annuus</strong></em> y los perennes <em><strong>Helianthus nuttallii</strong></em> y <em><strong>Helianthus maximiliani</strong></em> &#8211; atraen de forma fiable los jilgueritos canario y pinero cuando sus semillas maduran en el otoño. Nuestros pinos, como la <strong><em>Pinus ponderosa</em></strong> o la <em><strong>Pinus flexilis</strong></em>, mantienen grupos errantes de aves que se especializan en las semillas coníferas, incluso el picotuerto rojo (<em>Loxia curvirostra</em>) y el cascanueces americano. <strong>El aliso gris</strong> y <strong>los abedules</strong> proveen semillas invernales que suelen alimentar los pardillos norteños (<em>Acanthis flammea</em>) y los jilgueritos pineros. Y varias otras plantas nativas, desde las asteráceas hasta las gramíneas, también producen semillas que varios pinzones y gorriones pueden usar.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color">Plantas nativas para proveer néctar</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220608_233105315-1024x768.jpg" alt="Fuzzy-tongue penstemon." class="wp-image-2120" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220608_233105315-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220608_233105315-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220608_233105315-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220608_233105315.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">La campanita <em>Penstemon eriantherus</em>.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">¿Qué tal los colibrís? Estas minúsculas y queridas aves suelen cazar insectos diminutos. Por eso, plantar el hábitat para los insectos les importa a los colibrís también. Además, son bien conocidos por su predilección por alimentarse con néctar. Varias plantas nativas con flores largas y cilíndricas son populares con los colibrís. Entre ellas están la <strong><em>Lonicera ciliosa</em></strong>, la <strong><em>Aquilegia flavescens</em></strong>, la<strong> <em>Ipomopsis aggregata</em></strong>, la<strong> <em>Monarda fistulosa</em></strong> y las campanitas (<em>Penstemon</em> spp.). Las campanitas comunes del occidente de Montana incluyen el <strong><em>Penstemon albertinus</em></strong>, el<strong> <em>Penstemon eriantherus</em></strong> y el <strong><em>Penstemon procerus</em></strong>. Además, algunas de las plantas que ya he mencionado por los insectos o las frutas &#8211; como la grosella <strong><em>Ribes aureum</em></strong> &#8211; son fuentes populares de néctar para los colibrís.&nbsp;</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color">Cómo obtener plantas</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/252690541-1024x768.jpg" alt="A black-capped chickadee foraging for insects on serviceberry." class="wp-image-2121" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/252690541-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/252690541-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/252690541-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/252690541-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/252690541-2048x1536.jpg 2048w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Un carbonero cabecinegro buscando insectos en un guillomo (<em>Amelanchier alnifolia</em>).</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">¿Dónde puedes encontrar estas plantas? Algunos viveros locales, como <a href="https://www.gardenwerks.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">GardenWerks</a> en Helena, tienen una variedad limitada de plantas nativas. Además, logré hallar tres viveros minoristas en la parte occidental o central de Montana que ofrecen una amplia variedad de plantas nativas:</p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li><strong>Blake Nursery</strong>, Big Timber, MT: <a href="https://www.blakenursery.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.blakenursery.com/</a></li>



<li><strong>Center for Native Plants</strong>, Whitefish, MT: <a href="https://centerfornativeplants.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://centerfornativeplants.com/</a></li>



<li><strong>Pipilo Native Plants</strong>, Charlo, MT: <a href="https://www.pipilonatives.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.pipilonatives.com/</a></li>
</ul>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">(Un cuarto vivero, Southwest Montana Native Landscapes, lamentablemente ha cerrado, aunque todavía parece en una búsqueda de Google.)</p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="777" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/59362881-1024x777.jpg" alt="A Bullock's oriole in a black cottonwood." class="wp-image-2122" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/59362881-1024x777.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/59362881-300x228.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/59362881-768x582.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/59362881.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Una calandria cejas naranjas en un álamo negro.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Para aprender más, me puse en contacto con estos viveros y les pregunté cuáles plantas tienen, de las que he mencionado en este artículo. <a href="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Native-plants-for-birds.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Encuentra sus respuestas aquí.</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Además de estos viveros minoristas, hay unas fuentes comerciales adicionales para plantas nativas en el occidente de Montana. Para proyectos grandes, el <a href="https://dnrc.mt.gov/Forestry/Conservation-Nursery/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Montana Conservation Seedling Nursery</a> y <a href="https://www.greatbearnativeplants.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Great Bear Native Plants</a> aceptan pedidos mayoristas. Y si quieres germinar tus propias semillas, <a href="https://nativeideals.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Native Ideals</a> vende semillas localmente cultivadas por una variedad de especies nativas a Montana. </p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200926_181848814-1024x768.jpg" alt="American plum." class="wp-image-2160" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200926_181848814-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200926_181848814-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200926_181848814-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200926_181848814.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Una ciruela americana (<em>Prunus americana</em>).</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Fíjate en que algunos viveros que no se especializan en plantas nativas a veces &#8220;extenden&#8221; el concepto de &#8220;nativo&#8221; para incluir especies que no son realmente nativas a Montana. Por ejemplo, a veces se vende <em>Penstemon strictus</em> como una planta nativa, pero esta especie existe en estado salvaje sólo en el sur de las Montañas Rocosas y no llega a Montana. Si hay alguna duda sobre una especie, búscala en el <a href="https://fieldguide.mt.gov/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Montana Field Guide</a> del Montana Natural Heritage Program para aprender más sobre su situación en el estado, o revisa <a href="http://bonap.net/NAPA/Genus/Traditional/County" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">los mapas al nivel del condado</a> presentados por el Biota of North America Program. Estos mapas se organizan por el género de planta y muestran la extensión, al nivel del condado, en la que reside cada planta salvaje o naturalizada en los Estados Unidos.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color">El jardín para las aves</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="874" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/238615571-1024x874.jpg" alt="An American redstart in an aspen." class="wp-image-2123" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/238615571-1024x874.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/238615571-300x256.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/238615571-768x655.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/238615571.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Un pavito migratorio en un álamo temblón.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">¿Es esto una lista completa de todas las plantas que serían importantes para cultivar un jardín para las aves en Montana? ¡Claro que no! No he mencionado los arces nativos (<em>Acer</em> spp.), ni las frambuesas (<em>Rubus </em>spp.), ni los espinos (<em>Crataegus </em>spp.) ni muchos otros.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Si queremos cultivar un buen hábitat para las aves, siempre habrá más plantas que podemos añadir. Pero aun si no hicieras nada más que plantar un parche de capulines y unas varas de oro donde antes sólo había un césped cortado, habrás empezado bien. Mientras los capulines abran sus hojas en la primavera, espera hasta que los chipes rabadilla amarilla aparezcan, cazando insectos. Cuando las frutas maduren en el otoño, busca las bandadas de chinitos y mirlos primavera. Y si tienes espacio en tu jardín para incluir todas las plantas que he mencionado acá&#8230; en pocos años, tu jardín será un paraíso para las aves.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph"><em>Esta historia fue producida con apoyo de la <a href="https://goldcountrymg.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Gold Country Master Gardener Association</a>.</em></p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color">Leer más</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="869" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/158204741-1024x869.jpg" alt="A yellow-rumped warbler in a willow." class="wp-image-2126" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/158204741-1024x869.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/158204741-300x255.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/158204741-768x652.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/158204741.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Un chipe rabadilla amarilla en un sauce.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Acopian Bird Savers: prevent birds from flying into windows. Recuperado de <a href="https://www.birdsavers.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.birdsavers.com/</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">American Bird Conservancy. (2013, el 29 de enero). Outdoor cats: single greatest source of human-caused mortality for birds and mammals, says new study. Recuperado de  <a href="https://abcbirds.org/news/outdoor-cats-single-greatest-source-of-human-caused-mortality-for-birds-and-mammals-says-new-study/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://abcbirds.org/news/outdoor-cats-single-greatest-source-of-human-caused-mortality-for-birds-and-mammals-says-new-study/</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Biota of North America Program. (2014). BONAP’s North American Plant Atlas (NAPA). Recuperado de <a href="http://bonap.net/NAPA/Genus/Traditional/County" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://bonap.net/NAPA/Genus/Traditional/County</a></p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200910_131503868-1024x768.jpg" alt="Wetland habitat: a beaver dam with common cattail (Typha latifolia) and sandbar willow." class="wp-image-2161" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200910_131503868-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200910_131503868-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200910_131503868-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200910_131503868.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">El hábitat del humedal: una represa del castor con totoras (<em>Typha latifolia</em>) y sauces de hojas angostas. Esta área mantiene a tordos sargentos, agachonas norteamericanas, gorriones cantores, mascaritas comunes y más.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Center for Native Plants. (sin fecha). Our most bird friendly species. Recuperado de <a href="https://centerfornativeplants.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/cnp_plantselection_birds-1.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://centerfornativeplants.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/cnp_plantselection_birds-1.pdf</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Cornell Lab of Ornithology. (2016, el 5 de diciembre). FAQ: Outdoor cats and their effects on birds. Recuperado de <a href="https://www.allaboutbirds.org/news/faq-outdoor-cats-and-their-effects-on-birds/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.allaboutbirds.org/news/faq-outdoor-cats-and-their-effects-on-birds/</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Cornell Lab of Ornithology. (2023). All about birdhouses. Recuperado de <a href="https://nestwatch.org/learn/all-about-birdhouses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://nestwatch.org/learn/all-about-birdhouses/</a></p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><a href="http://wildwithnature.com/2022/06/10/life-at-plant-speed/"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="722" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220608_235306800.MP_-1024x722.jpg" alt="Native grassland habitats can host extremely diverse plant communities. This rocky hilltop community includes cutleaf daisy (Erigeron compositus), Sandberg bluegrass (Poa secunda), white-margined phlox (Phlox albomarginata), and stemless goldenweed (Stenotus acaulis)." class="wp-image-2162" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220608_235306800.MP_-1024x722.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220608_235306800.MP_-300x212.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220608_235306800.MP_-768x541.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220608_235306800.MP_.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Los hábitats de praderas nativas pueden mantener a comunidades vegetales extremadamente diversas. En <a href="http://wildwithnature.com/2022/06/10/life-at-plant-speed/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">esta comunidad rocosa en la cima de una colina</a>, se puede ver las especies <em>Erigeron compositus, Poa secunda, Phlox albomarginata</em> y<em> Stenotus acaulis</em>. En el occidente de Montana, aves comunes que anidan en praderas incluyen praderos del oeste y gorriones cola blanca. Una pradera del tamaño de un jardín no atraerá a estas aves a menos que vivas dentro de un parche más grande de llanura. Sin embargo, es probable que gorriones cejas blancas, jilgueritos canarios y otros vayan a aparecer para alimentarse de semillas e insectos.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Cornell Lab of Ornithology. (2023, el 24 de febrero). Why birds hits windows &#8211; and how you can help prevent it. Recuperado de <a href="https://www.allaboutbirds.org/news/why-birds-hit-windows-and-how-you-can-help-prevent-it/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.allaboutbirds.org/news/why-birds-hit-windows-and-how-you-can-help-prevent-it/</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Friends of the Mississippi River. (2022). Goldenrod or ragweed: which causes allergies and which benefits pollinators? Recuperado de <a href="https://fmr.org/updates/conservation/goldenrod-or-ragweed-which-causes-allergies-and-which-benefits-pollinators" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://fmr.org/updates/conservation/goldenrod-or-ragweed-which-causes-allergies-and-which-benefits-pollinators</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Loss, S.R., Will, T., Loss, S.S., &amp; Marra, P.P. (2014). Bird-building collisions in the United States: estimates of annual mortality and species vulnerability. <em>The Condor</em> 116(1):8-23. Recuperado de <a href="https://bioone.org/journals/the-condor/volume-116/issue-1/CONDOR-13-090.1/Birdbuilding-collisions-in-the-United-States--Estimates-of-annual/10.1650/CONDOR-13-090.1.full" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://bioone.org/journals/the-condor/volume-116/issue-1/CONDOR-13-090.1/Birdbuilding-collisions-in-the-United-States&#8211;Estimates-of-annual/10.1650/CONDOR-13-090.1.full</a></p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/S36769226_Riparian-1024x768.jpg" alt="Native shrub thickets such as this one host an incredible diversity of birds. This thicket includes red-osier dogwood, western snowberry, and thinleaf alder. Common summer birds here include yellow warblers, gray catbirds, cedar waxwings, and song sparrows." class="wp-image-2163" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/S36769226_Riparian-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/S36769226_Riparian-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/S36769226_Riparian-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/S36769226_Riparian.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Matorrales de arbustos nativos &#8211; como este matorral &#8211; mantienen una diversidad increíble de aves. Este matorral incluye las especies <em>Cornus sericea, Symphoricarpos occidentalis</em> y <em>Alnus incana</em>. En el verano, es común encontrar a chipes amarillos, maulladores grises, chinitos y gorriones cantores acá.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Montana Natural Heritage Program. (sin fecha). Montana Field Guide. Montana State Library. Recuperado de <a href="https://fieldguide.mt.gov/default.aspx" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://fieldguide.mt.gov/default.aspx</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Narango, D.L., Tallamy, D.W., &amp; Shropshire, K.J. (2020). Few keystone plant genera support the majority of Lepidoptera species. <em>Nature Communications</em> 11:5751. Recuperado de <a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/345818119_Few_keystone_plant_genera_support_the_majority_of_Lepidoptera_species" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.researchgate.net/publication/345818119_Few_keystone_plant_genera_support_the_majority_of_Lepidoptera_species</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">National Wildlife Federation. (2023). Native plants (by zip code). Recuperado de <a href="https://www.nwf.org/NativePlantFinder/Plants" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.nwf.org/NativePlantFinder/Plants</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Rosenberg, K.V., Dokter, A.M., Blancher, P.J., Sauer, J.R., Smith, A.C., Smith, P.A., … Marra, P.P. (2019). Decline of the North American avifauna. <em>Science </em>366:120-124. Recuperado de <a href="https://www.birds.cornell.edu/home/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/DECLINE-OF-NORTH-AMERICAN-AVIFAUNA-SCIENCE-2019.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.birds.cornell.edu/home/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/DECLINE-OF-NORTH-AMERICAN-AVIFAUNA-SCIENCE-2019.pdf</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Sánchez-Bayo, F. &amp; Wyckhuys, K.A.G. (2019). Worldwide decline of the entomofauna: a review of its drivers. <em>Biological Conservation</em> 232: 8-27. Recuperado de <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0006320718313636" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0006320718313636</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Smallwood, J.A. &amp; Bird, D.M. (2020). American kestrel (<em>Falco sparverius</em>), versión 1.0. <em>En</em> Birds of the World (A.F. Poole &amp; F.B. Gill, editores). Ithaca, NY: Cornell Lab of Ornithology. Recuperado de <a href="https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/amekes/cur/introduction" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/amekes/cur/introduction</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Tallamy, D.W. (2019). <em>Nature’s best hope: a new approach to conservation that starts in your yard.</em> Portland, OR: Timber Press.</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2023/03/24/montana-plantas-nativas-para-aves/">Cómo cultivar un jardín para las aves en el occidente de Montana</a> appeared first on <a href="https://wildwithnature.com">Wild With Nature</a>.</p>
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