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	<title>Salix exigua Archives - Wild With Nature</title>
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	<title>Salix exigua Archives - Wild With Nature</title>
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	<item>
		<title>How to not find black-billed cuckoos</title>
		<link>https://wildwithnature.com/2025/08/01/how-to-not-find-black-billed-cuckoos/</link>
					<comments>https://wildwithnature.com/2025/08/01/how-to-not-find-black-billed-cuckoos/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Shane Sater]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 02 Aug 2025 05:28:56 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Birds]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[English-language stories]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Water]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ammodramus savannarum]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Asclepias speciosa]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Bromus inermis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Bubo virginianus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Catharus ustulatus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Coccyzus erythropthalmus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Contopus sordidulus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Dumetella carolinensis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Empidonax minimus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[euphorbia esula]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Geothlypis trichas]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Odocoileus virginianus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Pheucticus melanocephalus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Populus angustifolia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Populus deltoides]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Prunus virginiana]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Salix exigua]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Salpinctes obsoletus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sphyrapicus nuchalis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sturnella neglecta]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Troglodytes aedon]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Tyrannus tyrannus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://wildwithnature.com/?p=5051</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>June 8, 2025, Marias River, north-central Montana, USA. My headlamp lights up the deer trail ahead of me as I pick my way towards the [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2025/08/01/how-to-not-find-black-billed-cuckoos/">How to not find black-billed cuckoos</a> appeared first on <a href="https://wildwithnature.com">Wild With Nature</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<figure class="wp-block-image size-full is-resized"><a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2025/08/01/como-no-encontrar-a-un-cuclillo-pico-negro/"><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" width="706" height="181" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-en-2.jpg" alt="Bilingual nature podcast" class="wp-image-3486" style="width:auto;height:100px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-en-2.jpg 706w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-en-2-300x77.jpg 300w" sizes="(max-width: 706px) 100vw, 706px" /></a></figure>



<iframe data-testid="embed-iframe" style="border-radius:12px" src="https://open.spotify.com/embed/episode/5CV0QHuu1kvY76Xun3SuAB?utm_source=generator&#038;t=0" width="100%" height="152" frameBorder="0" allowfullscreen="" allow="autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; fullscreen; picture-in-picture" loading="lazy"></iframe>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_104520105-1024x768.jpg" alt="The Marias River badlands." class="wp-image-5054" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_104520105-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_104520105-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_104520105-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_104520105.jpg 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">The Marias River badlands.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-25 wp-block-paragraph"><em>June 8, 2025, Marias River, north-central Montana, USA.</em> My headlamp lights up the deer trail ahead of me as I pick my way towards the Marias River through the dark pre-dawn badlands. I generally prefer to walk without a light, but the terrain is rough here. And I wouldn’t want to trip over a rattlesnake. I stop where the trail descends steeply into a narrow gully, listening. I turn off my headlamp. Rock wrens (<em>Salpinctes obsoletus</em>) sing from the eroded shadows of clay around me. The first hint of light is touching the northeastern sky.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-26 wp-block-paragraph">It was the possibility of black-billed cuckoos (<em>Coccyzus erythropthalmus</em>) that brought me here, although I know the possibility is slim. In 2021, while Anna Fasoli was floating the river, she heard and recorded a singing cuckoo here. This is a bird that I’ve lived my whole life without encountering, a bird which a long-ago generation of nineteenth-century naturalists would observe descending on orchards in flocks to feed on caterpillars. Hardly anyone sees flocks of black-billed cuckoos now. Insecticides and habitat loss are thought to be to blame. To see a cuckoo at all, at least in Montana, is a rare encounter that takes a lot of effort, a lot of luck, or both. But the decline of black-billed cuckoos, like almost every aspect of their biology, remains shrouded in unknowns. And so here I am, listening to rock wrens in a dark badlands gully, bound for the river and imagining cuckoos.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">From the badlands to the cottonwoods</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_031953372-1024x768.jpg" alt="Grasshopper sparrow habitat above the Marias River badlands." class="wp-image-5055" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_031953372-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_031953372-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_031953372-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_031953372.jpg 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Grasshopper sparrow habitat above the Marias River badlands.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-27 wp-block-paragraph">Last night, I camped high at the end of an access road on a wide bench above the badlands. Grasshopper sparrows (<em>Ammodramus savannarum</em>) serenaded me from unbroken grassland as I cooked ramen soup with milkweed (<em>Asclepias speciosa</em>) flower buds by headlamp over my little gas stove. Tiny biting midges tormented me, followed me into my car, and even managed to sneak into my tent.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-28 wp-block-paragraph">I woke (reluctantly) at 4:00 am and was ready to go by 4:20—backpack, headlamp, snacks, birding gear, bear spray. And now rock wrens sing from the wrinkles of the badlands, and the cottonwood forest beckons below.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_111044641-1024x768.jpg" alt="American barn owl habitat? The old homestead." class="wp-image-5056" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_111044641-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_111044641-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_111044641-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_111044641.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">American barn owl habitat? The old homestead.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-29 wp-block-paragraph">The northern house wrens (<em>Troglodytes aedon</em>) have begun singing by the time I reach the edge of the cottonwoods. A great horned owl (<em>Bubo virginianus</em>) hoots just once in the distance. The creatures of the night are giving way to the dawn chorus. An abandoned homestead weathers slowly into elegant oblivion at the edge of the trees. The shed sags to the north, defeated, but the old bones of the two-story house remain strong. I walk gingerly among fallen boards with rusty nails and peek inside, hoping wildly that an American barn owl (<em>Tyto furcata</em>) might be roosting. But all I find is a rusting box spring and an old galvanized wash tub. An eastern kingbird (<em>Tyrannus tyrannus</em>) gives his electrical call from a branch level with a gaping second-story window frame. The air is thick with stories.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_111316931-1024x768.jpg" alt="Looking back at the old homestead from the edge of the forest." class="wp-image-5058" style="width:700px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_111316931-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_111316931-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_111316931-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_111316931.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Looking back at the old homestead from the edge of the forest.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Habitat for black-billed cuckoos</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_113128906-1024x768.jpg" alt="A place for black-billed cuckoos? Chokecherry thickets in the cottonwood forest." class="wp-image-5057" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_113128906-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_113128906-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_113128906-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_113128906.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A place for black-billed cuckoos? Chokecherry thickets in the cottonwood forest.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-30 wp-block-paragraph">Continuing on, I pass a white-tailed deer (<em>Odocoileus virginianus</em>) bedded down with her spotted fawn. She watches me with mild concern and I veer far around, leaving them undisturbed.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-31 wp-block-paragraph">I’m at the edge of a massive cottonwood stand now, old trees with fissured bark. Most are narrowleaf cottonwoods (<em>Populus angustifolia</em>), with some broader-leaved Plains cottonwoods (<em>Populus deltoides</em>) mixed in. An old, dry river oxbow curves through the trees, and in places along it there’s a nice understory of chokecherry (<em>Prunus virginiana</em>) thickets. A gray catbird (<em>Dumetella carolinensis</em>) sings as a migrating Swainson’s thrush (<em>Catharus ustulatus</em>) gives his harmonic whistles from the undergrowth. To my untrained eye, this looks like good black-billed cuckoo habitat, as I understand it: an extensive deciduous forest with a shrubby understory, far away from insecticides. But I hear no cuckoo.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Where are the cuckoos?</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_114614902-1024x768.jpg" alt="The sun rises over the cottonwood forest." class="wp-image-5059" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_114614902-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_114614902-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_114614902-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_114614902.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">The sun rises over the cottonwood forest.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-32 wp-block-paragraph">Is it too early yet? Cuckoos arrive in Montana quite late in the spring, traveling from their poorly known South American winter range, apparently somewhere between Colombia, Venezuela, and Bolivia. <em>Birds of Montana</em> reports them showing up here in early to mid June—now, that is. Still, it seems to me that spring arrival dates for many birds have been a bit delayed this year. Perhaps the cuckoos just haven’t gotten here yet.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-33 wp-block-paragraph">Of course, there are other possibilities. The specter of declines and all that is unknown hangs over them. There’s a lot that is unknown. Where exactly do they spend the winter? What are the paths of their migrations? How do they find outbreaks of the tent caterpillars and cicadas they seem to be so fond of eating? And will they come back to the Marias River, where they sang in July 2021? I think about all of the things that have to go right for them to make it back. There are too many possible tragedies: insecticides, the loss of an important habitat somewhere in their annual journey, window collisions, outdoor cats…</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-34 wp-block-paragraph">And then, of course, a cuckoo might be hiding in the chokecherry bush 15 feet away from me! If it’s not singing, I could very easily miss it.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">The forest</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_121452768-1024x768.jpg" alt="A patch of old cottonwoods within the forest." class="wp-image-5060" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_121452768-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_121452768-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_121452768-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_121452768-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_121452768-2048x1536.jpg 2048w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A patch of old cottonwoods within the forest.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-35 wp-block-paragraph">I continue walking. The forest stretches for hundreds of acres. In some patches the trees are big and old; closer to the river, I find middle-aged stands and young cottonwood saplings. In the distance, I hear a beaver slap its tail once, alarmed at something. Western wood-pewees (<em>Contopus sordidulus</em>) and least flycatchers (<em>Empidonax minimus</em>) sing from the canopy and I’m surprised to hear a few yellow-headed blackbirds (<em>Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus</em>) in the distance—evidently there is a wetland slough on the other side of the river.&nbsp;</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-36 wp-block-paragraph">I start wondering how I can manage a second visit, in case it&#8217;s still too early in the season for cuckoos.&nbsp;</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_122218696-1024x768.jpg" alt="Willows and still water along a river slough." class="wp-image-5065" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_122218696-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_122218696-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_122218696-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_122218696.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Willows and still water along a river slough.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-37 wp-block-paragraph">A coyote slips away from me as I follow fresh deer tracks along a river meander with some moisture in the bottom, growing up with sandbar willows (<em>Salix exigua</em>). A common yellowthroat (<em>Geothlypis trichas</em>) sings.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">June exuberance</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_121539440-1024x768.jpg" alt="The cottonwood forest with an understory of smooth brome." class="wp-image-5064" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_121539440-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_121539440-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_121539440-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_121539440.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">The cottonwood forest with an understory of smooth brome.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-38 wp-block-paragraph">I find myself filled with gratitude that places like this still exist. A huge floodplain, a rich cottonwood habitat with multiple-aged trees, shrub patches, and wetlands. A home for many creatures, sculpted by floods and beavers, by cottonwood fluff on the June breeze, by a million relationships and interactions. It’s not pristine—the understory in many places is dominated by smooth brome (<em>Bromus inermis</em>), an invasive grass. And who knows if the cuckoos will come back. But in spite of everything, it’s bursting with life.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_122449153-1024x768.jpg" alt="At the edge of the Marias River." class="wp-image-5061" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_122449153-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_122449153-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_122449153-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_122449153.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">At the edge of the Marias River.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-39 wp-block-paragraph">I think about all the unfathomable generations of life on earth. All of this June exuberance, millions of years of it, hangs in the air. I try to imagine the sounds and happenings of early June on this land in the time of the dinosaurs, whose bones lie fossilized on these plains.&nbsp;</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Life goes on</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_130449838-1024x768.jpg" alt="A shrubby patch within the cottonwood forest." class="wp-image-5066" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_130449838-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_130449838-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_130449838-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_130449838.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A shrubby patch within the cottonwood forest.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-40 wp-block-paragraph">It’s bittersweet comfort to me to think that if we follow the fate of the dinosaurs, as we seem so perilously hell-bent on doing, life in some permutation will continue here. The smooth brome that the land managers ignore and the <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2022/06/17/leafy-spurge-pollinators/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">leafy spurge (<em>Euphorbia esula</em>)</a> that they attack with herbicides will become part of the ecology of this place. With time, presumably, native insects will evolve to make greater use of these abundant new plants, these human introductions to the North American continent. The homestead will be long-gone, boards into dust, rusty nails buried beneath spring floods. Will the black-billed cuckoos come back? That is anyone’s guess.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-41 wp-block-paragraph">The drumming of a red-naped sapsucker (<em>Sphyrapicus nuchalis</em>) pulls me out of my extinction musings. He’s close but just out of sight. Then he flies into the cottonwood right next to me, playing the resonant wood of a dead branch. He makes me think of the sapsuckers in <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2025/04/01/journey-to-the-pileated-woodpeckers/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">the pileated woodpecker forest near Missoula</a>, how they drum so frequently when they first arrive in April but become almost silent by this time. Is this a sapsucker that hasn’t found a mate, still diligently tapping away on the woodpecker equivalent of Tinder? I wonder if, like in Missoula, the late-April soundscape here is filled with sapsucker drumming.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Listening for cuckoos</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="893" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/DSCN7625-1024x893.jpg" alt="The black-headed grosbeak." class="wp-image-5067" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/DSCN7625-1024x893.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/DSCN7625-300x262.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/DSCN7625-768x669.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/DSCN7625.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">The black-headed grosbeak.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-42 wp-block-paragraph">I continue listening for a black-billed cuckoo. Nothing. A male black-headed grosbeak (<em>Pheucticus melanocephalus</em>) sings from the very highest branch of a cottonwood, not hiding himself frustratingly in the foliage this time like they often do. For the cuckoos, some birders would bring a portable speaker and blast the <em>cucucu</em> song, trying to get a bird to respond. Outside of limited use for formal biological surveys, I prefer not to do that, so I’m just doing passive listening. If a cuckoo sings today, it will be because it wants to.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/DSCN7628-1024x768.jpg" alt="Wildfire smoke rolling in." class="wp-image-5068" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/DSCN7628-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/DSCN7628-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/DSCN7628-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/DSCN7628.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Wildfire smoke rolling in.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-43 wp-block-paragraph">The morning is warming up and a breeze has started rustling the cottonwood leaves. Northern house wrens continue singing, and the distant whistles of the western meadowlarks (<em>Sturnella neglecta</em>) echo against the badlands. The air is getting a yellow tinge as smoke rolls in from the once-unheard-of spring wildfires that are raging once again across the Canadian boreal forest.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-44 wp-block-paragraph">No cuckoos. Some people might see it as a wasted morning: I went searching for something and didn’t find it. But I hope I get to waste many more mornings like this, contemplating millions of years of June exuberance along a wild river. And I hope the cuckoos come back.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">P.S. More about cuckoos!</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_152737897-1024x768.jpg" alt="The ribbon of cottonwood forest along the Marias River fades into smoke, surrounded by badlands." class="wp-image-5069" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_152737897-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_152737897-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_152737897-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_152737897.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">The ribbon of cottonwood forest along the Marias River fades into smoke, surrounded by badlands.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-45 wp-block-paragraph">I am delighted to announce that in the upcoming months I&#8217;ll be sharing a second story about the mysterious lives of cuckoos featuring Anna Kurtin, who recently completed her Master&#8217;s degree in Wildlife Biology at the University of Montana. Anna has spent the past three years learning about black-billed cuckoos, effective ways of studying them, and which habitats they use in Montana. I&#8217;m excited to delve more deeply into cuckoo biology with her. Stay tuned!</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">More resources</h3>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-46 wp-block-paragraph">eBird Basic Dataset. Version: EBD_relJun-2025. Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY. June 2025. </p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-47 wp-block-paragraph">Hughes, J.M. (2020). Black-billed cuckoo (<em>Coccyzus erythropthalmus</em>), version 1.0.&nbsp;<em>In</em>&nbsp;Birds of the World (A.F. Poole, editor). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA.&nbsp;<a href="https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkbcuc/cur/introduction">https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkbcuc/cur/introduction</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-48 wp-block-paragraph">Marks, J.S., Hendricks, P. &amp; Casey, D. (2016). <em>Birds of Montana</em>. Arrington, VA: Buteo Books.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"></p>
<p>The post <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2025/08/01/how-to-not-find-black-billed-cuckoos/">How to not find black-billed cuckoos</a> appeared first on <a href="https://wildwithnature.com">Wild With Nature</a>.</p>
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		<title>Cómo no encontrar a un cuclillo pico negro</title>
		<link>https://wildwithnature.com/2025/08/01/como-no-encontrar-a-un-cuclillo-pico-negro/</link>
					<comments>https://wildwithnature.com/2025/08/01/como-no-encontrar-a-un-cuclillo-pico-negro/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Shane Sater]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 02 Aug 2025 05:26:58 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Agua]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Aves]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Historias en español]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Plantas]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ammodramus savannarum]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Asclepias speciosa]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Bromus inermis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Bubo virginianus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Catharus ustulatus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Coccyzus erythropthalmus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Contopus sordidulus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Dumetella carolinensis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Empidonax minimus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[euphorbia esula]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Geothlypis trichas]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Odocoileus virginianus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Pheucticus melanocephalus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Populus angustifolia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Populus deltoides]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Prunus virginiana]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Salix exigua]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Salpinctes obsoletus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sphyrapicus nuchalis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sturnella neglecta]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Troglodytes aedon]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Tyrannus tyrannus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://wildwithnature.com/?p=5106</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>8 de junio de 2025, Río Marias en la región norte central de Montana, EU. Mi linterna ilumina el sendero de los venados mientras camino [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2025/08/01/como-no-encontrar-a-un-cuclillo-pico-negro/">Cómo no encontrar a un cuclillo pico negro</a> appeared first on <a href="https://wildwithnature.com">Wild With Nature</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<figure class="wp-block-image size-full is-resized"><a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2025/08/01/how-to-not-find-black-billed-cuckoos/"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="734" height="188" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-es-2.jpg" alt="Podcast bilingüe de la naturaleza" class="wp-image-3489" style="width:auto;height:100px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-es-2.jpg 734w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-es-2-300x77.jpg 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 734px) 100vw, 734px" /></a></figure>



<iframe data-testid="embed-iframe" style="border-radius:12px" src="https://open.spotify.com/embed/episode/3l6dSozoauCmnXB1MW2Vlt?utm_source=generator&#038;t=0" width="100%" height="152" frameBorder="0" allowfullscreen="" allow="autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; fullscreen; picture-in-picture" loading="lazy"></iframe>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_104520105-1024x768.jpg" alt="The Marias River badlands." class="wp-image-5054" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_104520105-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_104520105-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_104520105-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_104520105.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Las badlands arriba del Río Marias.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-75 wp-block-paragraph"><em>8 de junio de 2025, Río Marias en la región norte central de Montana, EU.</em> Mi linterna ilumina el sendero de los venados mientras camino despacio hacia el Río Marias a través de las tierras erosionadas que se llaman <em>badlands.</em> Aún no llega el amanecer. Por lo general me gusta caminar sin linterna, pero el terreno aquí es quebrado. Y no quisiera tropezar con un cascabel. Me paro donde el sendero desciende abruptamente hacia una quebrada estrecha, escuchando. Apago la linterna. Los saltaparedes de rocas (<em>Salpinctes obsoletus</em>) cantan desde las sombras erosionadas de arcilla. La primera sugerencia de luz solar está tocando el cielo al nordeste.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-76 wp-block-paragraph">Fue la posibilidad de un cuclillo pico negro (<em>Coccyzus erythropthalmus</em>) que me trajo hasta aquí, aunque sé que es una pequeña posibilidad. En 2021, mientras Anna Fasoli andaba en kayak por el río, escuchó y grabó un cuclillo pico negro cantando aquí. Esto es un ave que he pasado toda la vida sin encontrar, un ave que una antigua generación de naturalistas del siglo diecinueve observaba descendiendo en los huertos frutales en parvadas para alimentarse de orugas.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-77 wp-block-paragraph">Ya casi nadie ve una parvada de cuclillos pico negro. Se piensa que los insecticidas y las pérdidas de hábitat tienen la culpa por su declive. Ver a tan solo un cuclillo, en Montana por lo menos, ya es algo raro que requiere mucho esfuerzo, mucha suerte o las dos cosas. Pero el declive de los cuclillos pico negro, como casi todos los aspectos de su biología, permanece mal entendido. Y así es que estoy aquí, escuchando a saltaparedes de rocas en una quebrada oscura dentro de las <em>badlands</em>, rumbo al río e imaginando cuclillos.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">De la pradera a las <em>badlands</em></h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_031953372-1024x768.jpg" alt="Grasshopper sparrow habitat above the Marias River badlands." class="wp-image-5055" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_031953372-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_031953372-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_031953372-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_031953372.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">El hábitat de los gorriones chapulín arriba de las badlands del Río Marias. </figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-78 wp-block-paragraph">Anoche acampé al final de un camino no pavimentado, alto en la pradera arriba de las <em>badlands</em>. Los gorriones chapulín (<em>Ammodramus savannarum</em>) me hicieron una serenata desde los zacates extensos mientras cocinaba un ramen con brotes florales de algodoncillo (<em>Asclepias speciosa</em>), iluminando mi pequeña estufa de gas con mi linterna. Unos jejenes diminutos me molestaron, me siguieron hasta el carro e incluso lograron entrar en mi casa de acampar. </p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-79 wp-block-paragraph">Me desperté (queriendo seguir durmiendo) a las 4:00 am y estaba listo para las 4:20—mochila, linterna, lonche, equipo para observar aves, gas pimienta por si me topara con un oso. Y ahora los saltaparedes de rocas cantan desde las arrugas de las <em>badlands</em> y el bosque de álamo por abajo me llama adelante.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Los álamos</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_111044641-1024x768.jpg" alt="American barn owl habitat? The old homestead." class="wp-image-5056" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_111044641-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_111044641-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_111044641-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_111044641.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">¿El hábitat de una lechuza americana? La vieja finca. </figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-80 wp-block-paragraph">Los saltaparedes comunes norteños (<em>Troglodytes aedon</em>) han empezado a cantar cuando llego al borde de los álamos. Un búho cornudo (<em>Bubo virginianus</em>) ulula una sola vez en la distancia. Las criaturas de la noche están cediendo el escenario al coro del amanecer. La casa de una finca abandonada se desgasta poco a poco hacia un olvido elegante en el borde del bosque. La caseta derrotada se hunde hacia el norte, pero los viejos huesos de la casa de dos pisos se mantienen firmes. </p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-81 wp-block-paragraph">Camino con precaución entre tablas caídas con clavos oxidados y echo un vistazo al interior, esperando sin mucha confianza encontrar a una lechuza americana (<em>Tyto furcata</em>) durmiendo adentro. Pero todo lo que encuentro es un antiguo colchón con resortes y una tina de lámina galvanizada. Un tirano dorso negro (<em>Tyrannus tyrannus</em>) da su llamada eléctrica desde una rama al lado del hueco en el segundo piso donde había una ventana. El aire está espeso con historias.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_111316931-1024x768.jpg" alt="Looking back at the old homestead from the edge of the forest." class="wp-image-5058" style="width:700px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_111316931-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_111316931-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_111316931-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_111316931.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">La vista hacia la finca abandonada desde el borde del bosque. </figcaption></figure>
</div>


<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Un hábitat para los cuclillos pico negro</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_113128906-1024x768.jpg" alt="A place for black-billed cuckoos? Chokecherry thickets in the cottonwood forest." class="wp-image-5057" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_113128906-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_113128906-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_113128906-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_113128906.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">¿Un buen hábitat para cuclillos pico negro? Los cerezos silvestres en el bosque de álamo.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-82 wp-block-paragraph">Siguiendo adelante, encuentro a una venada cola blanca (<em>Odocoileus virginianus</em>) descansando con su cría moteada. Me mira con leve inquietud y tomo una larga desviación, dejándolos sin molestarlos.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-83 wp-block-paragraph">Ahora estoy entrando en una sección de álamos masivos, árboles viejos con la corteza fisurada. La mayoría son álamos de hojas delgadas (<em>Populus angustifolia</em>), mezclados con algunos alamillos (<em>Populus deltoides</em>). Un viejo meandro abandonado del río curva a través de los árboles, y aquí están unos parches de cerezos silvestres (<em>Prunus virginiana</em>) por abajo. Un maullador gris (<em>Dumetella carolinensis</em>) canta mientras un zorzal de anteojos (<em>Catharus ustulatus</em>) haciendo escala en su migración da silbidos armónicos desde los arbustos. A mis ojos inexpertos les parece que podría ser un buen hábitat para un cuclillo pico negro así como lo entiendo: un bosque caducifolio extenso con arbustos por abajo, lejos de los insecticidas. Pero no escucho a ningún cuclillo.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">¿Dónde están los cuclillos?</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_114614902-1024x768.jpg" alt="The sun rises over the cottonwood forest." class="wp-image-5059" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_114614902-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_114614902-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_114614902-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_114614902.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">El sol sale sobre el bosque de álamo.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-84 wp-block-paragraph">¿Aún es demasiado temprano en la temporada? Los cuclillos pico negro llegan a Montana relativamente tarde en la primavera, viajando desde sus tierras invernales en Sudamérica. Su exacta invernal todavía no se conoce muy bien, pero aparentemente está por la región entre Colombia, Venezuela y Bolivia. El libro <em>Birds of Montana</em> reporta que suelen llegan entre el comienzo de junio y mediados del mes—ahora, es decir. Pero aun así, me parece que las primeras fechas de las llegadas primaverales de muchas especies de aves han sido un poco tardadas este año. A lo mejor a los cuclillos aún les falta llegar.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-85 wp-block-paragraph">Desde luego hay otras posibilidades. El espectro de declives y todo lo que aún no se sabe cuelga sobre los cuclillos. Y hay muchísimo que no se sabe. ¿Dónde precisamente pasan el invierno? ¿Cuáles son sus rutas de migración? ¿Cómo encuentran las concentraciones de orugas peludas y cigarras que al parecer les gusta mucho cazar? Y ¿van a regresar al Río Marias, donde cantaban en julio de 2021? Pienso en todas las cosas que tienen que irles bien para que regresen. Hay demasiadas tragedias posibles: insecticidas, la pérdida de algún hábitat importante en algún tramo de su viaje anual, colisiones con ventanas, gatos al aire libre&#8230;</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-86 wp-block-paragraph">Y bueno, ¡también podría haber un cuclillo en los cerezos silvestres a cinco metros de mí! Si no cantara, fácilmente podría pasarlo por alto. </p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">El bosque</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_121452768-1024x768.jpg" alt="A patch of old cottonwoods within the forest." class="wp-image-5060" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_121452768-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_121452768-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_121452768-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_121452768-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_121452768-2048x1536.jpg 2048w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Un parche de álamos viejos dentro del bosque.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-87 wp-block-paragraph">Sigo caminando. El bosque se extiende por cientos de hectáreas. En algunos parches los árboles son grandes y viejos; más cerca del río, encuentro áreas con árboles de mediana edad y alamocitos jóvenes. En la distancia escucho a un castor golpear su cola contra el agua una vez, alarmado por algo. Varios papamoscas del oeste (<em>Contopus sordidulus</em>) y unos papamoscas chicos (<em>Empidonax minimus</em>) cantan desde el dosel. Me sorprende escuchar a unos tordos cabeza amarilla (<em>Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus</em>) en la distancia. Es una especie de los humedales—evidentemente los meandros del río dejaron un pantano por alguna parte.&nbsp;</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_122218696-1024x768.jpg" alt="Willows and still water along a river slough." class="wp-image-5065" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_122218696-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_122218696-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_122218696-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_122218696.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Los sauces y un poco de agua en un meandro abandonado del río. </figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-88 wp-block-paragraph">Empiezo a preguntarme cómo puedo hacer una segunda visita, en caso de que todavía sea demasiado temprano para los cuclillos. </p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-89 wp-block-paragraph">Un coyote se aleja sigilosamente de mí mientras sigo unas huellas recientes de los venados. Me guían a través de un meandro del río que aún tiene un poco de agua, creciendo con sauces (<em>Salix exigua</em>). Una mascarita común (<em>Geothlypis trichas</em>) canta.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">La exuberancia de junio</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_121539440-1024x768.jpg" alt="The cottonwood forest with an understory of smooth brome." class="wp-image-5064" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_121539440-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_121539440-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_121539440-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_121539440.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">El bosque de álamo con una capa baja dominada por el bromo suave, una planta invasora.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-90 wp-block-paragraph">Me siento muy agradecido que todavía existan lugares como esto. Una zona inundable enorme, un hábitat rico con álamos de varias edades, parches de arbustos y humedales pequeños. Un hogar para muchas criaturas, esculpido por inundaciones y castores, por la seda de los álamos en el viento de junio, por un millón de relaciones e interacciones. Pues no es inmaculado—por muchas partes la capa baja esta dominada por el bromo suave (<em>Bromus inermis</em>), una gramínea invasora. Y quién sabe si los cuclillos vayan a volver. Pero a pesar de todo, está lleno de vida. </p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_122449153-1024x768.jpg" alt="At the edge of the Marias River." class="wp-image-5061" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_122449153-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_122449153-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_122449153-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_122449153.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">En la orilla del Río Marias. </figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-91 wp-block-paragraph">Pienso en todas las generaciones incontables de la vida en la tierra. Toda esta exuberancia de junio, millones de años de ella, está en el aire. Me pregunto cómo eran los sonidos y acontecimientos de esta parte de junio en esta tierra en el tiempo de los dinosaurios, cuyos huesos descansan en estas llanuras.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">La vida sigue</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_130449838-1024x768.jpg" alt="A shrubby patch within the cottonwood forest." class="wp-image-5066" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_130449838-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_130449838-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_130449838-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_130449838.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Un parche de arbustos dentro del bosque de álamo.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-92 wp-block-paragraph">Para mí es un consuelo agridulce pensar que si seguimos el destino de los dinosaurios, como al parecer estamos peligrosamente resueltos a hacer, pues aquí la vida en alguna forma va a seguir. El bromo suave que los encargados de cuidar las tierras públicas ignoran y la ésula (<em>Euphorbia esula</em>) que fumigan con herbicidas van a volverse parte de la ecología de este lugar. Presuntamente con el tiempo los insectos nativos van a evolucionar para utilizar más a estas nuevas plantas abundantes, estas introducciones humanas al continente americano. La finca va a haber desaparecido por completo. Tablas a polvo, clavos oxidados enterrados bajo las inundaciones de la primavera. ¿Van a regresar los cuclillos pico negro? Quién sabe.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-93 wp-block-paragraph">El tamborileo de un carpintero nuca roja (<em>Sphyrapicus nuchalis</em>) me distrae de mis pensamientos sobre la extinción. Está cerca pero no lo puedo ver. Entonces vuela al álamo justo a mi lado, tocando la madera resonante de una rama seca. Me hace pensar en los carpinteros nuca roja en <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2025/04/01/viaje-hacia-picamaderos-norteamericanos/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">el bosque de los picamaderos</a> cerca de Missoula. Tamborilean con mucha frecuencia cuando primero llegan en abril pero al llegar a junio están casi completamente callados. ¿Es este un carpintero que no ha encontrado pareja, aún golpeteando cada rato en lo que es básicamente Tinder para carpinteros? Me pregunto si aquí, tal como en Missoula, la banda sonora a finales de abril está llena del tamborileo de muchos carpinteros.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Buscando a un cuclillo</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="893" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/DSCN7625-1024x893.jpg" alt="The black-headed grosbeak." class="wp-image-5067" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/DSCN7625-1024x893.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/DSCN7625-300x262.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/DSCN7625-768x669.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/DSCN7625.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">El picogordo tigrillo.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-94 wp-block-paragraph">Sigo atento por si escucho a un cuclillo pico negro. Nada. Un picogordo tigrillo (<em>Pheucticus melanocephalus</em>) macho canta desde la rama más alta de un álamo, sin esconderse entre las hojas de manera irritante como suelen hacer. Para encontrar un cuclillo, algunos pajareros traerían una bocina y tocarían su canto <em>cucucú</em>, tratando de hacer que respondiera el ave. Fuera de unos usos muy limitados para investigaciones biológicas formales, no me gusta estorbar a las aves así. Es por eso que sólo estoy escuchando pasivamente. Si un cuclillo canta hoy, será porque quiere.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/DSCN7628-1024x768.jpg" alt="Wildfire smoke rolling in." class="wp-image-5068" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/DSCN7628-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/DSCN7628-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/DSCN7628-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/DSCN7628.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">La humarada de los incendios forestales viene llegando.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-95 wp-block-paragraph">La mañana se está poniendo calurosa y una brisa ha empezado a hacer temblar a las hojas de los álamos. Los saltaparedes comunes norteños siguen cantando. Los silbidos distantes de los praderos del oeste (<em>Sturnella neglecta</em>) hacen eco contra las <em>badlands</em>. El aire está agarrando un tinte amarillo mientras viene llegando la humarada de los incendios forestales de la primavera que hacía unos años eran insólitos y ya están arrasando de nuevo a través del bosque boreal canadiense.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-96 wp-block-paragraph">No he encontrado a cuclillos. Algunas personas lo podrían percibir como una mañana malgastada: fui buscando algo y no lo encontré. Pero espero que tenga la bendición de malgastar muchas mañanas más así, contemplando millones de años de la exuberancia de junio al lado de un río salvaje. Y espero que los cuclillos vuelvan.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">P.D. ¡Más sobre los cuclillos!</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_152737897-1024x768.jpg" alt="The ribbon of cottonwood forest along the Marias River fades into smoke, surrounded by badlands." class="wp-image-5069" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_152737897-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_152737897-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_152737897-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/PXL_20250608_152737897.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">La línea de bosque de álamo que sigue el Río Marias se desvanece en la humarada, rodeada por las <em>badlands</em>.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-97 wp-block-paragraph">Me da mucho gusto anunciar que en los meses que vienen voy a compartir una segunda historia sobre las vidas misteriosas de los cuclillos con Anna Kurtin, que recién se graduó en maestría de biología de fauna silvestre en la Universidad de Montana. Anna ha pasado los últimos tres años aprendiendo de los cuclillos pico negro, cómo estudiarlos eficazmente y cuáles hábitats utilizan en Montana. Estoy emocionado para profundizar más en la biología de los cuclillos con ella. ¡Hasta entonces!</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Leer más</h3>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-98 wp-block-paragraph">eBird Base de Datos Básica. Versión: EBD_relJun-2025. Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, EU. Junio de 2025. </p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-99 wp-block-paragraph">Hughes, J.M. (2020). Black-billed cuckoo (<em>Coccyzus erythropthalmus</em>), versión 1.0.&nbsp;<em>En</em>&nbsp;Birds of the World (A.F. Poole, editor). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, EU.&nbsp;<a href="https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkbcuc/cur/introduction">https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bkbcuc/cur/introduction</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-100 wp-block-paragraph">Marks, J.S., Hendricks, P. &amp; Casey, D. (2016). <em>Birds of Montana</em>. Arrington, VA, EU: Buteo Books.</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2025/08/01/como-no-encontrar-a-un-cuclillo-pico-negro/">Cómo no encontrar a un cuclillo pico negro</a> appeared first on <a href="https://wildwithnature.com">Wild With Nature</a>.</p>
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		<title>Esperando la lluvia: sobreviviendo el cambio climático</title>
		<link>https://wildwithnature.com/2024/10/01/esperando-la-lluvia-sobreviviendo-el-cambio-climatico/</link>
					<comments>https://wildwithnature.com/2024/10/01/esperando-la-lluvia-sobreviviendo-el-cambio-climatico/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Shane Sater]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 01 Oct 2024 22:27:47 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Agua]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Aves]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Historias en español]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Plantas]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Anas platyrhynchos]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[cambio climático]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Cardellina pusilla]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Cleome serrulata]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[gatos]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[habitat]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Helianthus maximiliani]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[incendios forestales]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mentha arvensis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Prunus virginiana]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Rhus trilobata]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Salix exigua]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Spinus pinus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Spinus psaltria]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Spinus tristis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ulmus pumila]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://wildwithnature.com/?p=4538</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Es una mañana seca en septiembre y el sol sale anaranjado en una densa humarada. El olor es la primera cosa que noto cuando salgo [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2024/10/01/esperando-la-lluvia-sobreviviendo-el-cambio-climatico/">Esperando la lluvia: sobreviviendo el cambio climático</a> appeared first on <a href="https://wildwithnature.com">Wild With Nature</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<figure class="wp-block-image size-full is-resized"><a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2024/10/01/waiting-for-rain-climate-change/"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="734" height="188" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-es-2.jpg" alt="Podcast bilingüe de la naturaleza" class="wp-image-3489" style="width:auto;height:100px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-es-2.jpg 734w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-es-2-300x77.jpg 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 734px) 100vw, 734px" /></a></figure>



<iframe style="border-radius:12px" src="https://open.spotify.com/embed/episode/4IooYE9C4HnkE6YdzJzV35?utm_source=generator&#038;t=0" width="100%" height="152" frameBorder="0" allowfullscreen="" allow="autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; fullscreen; picture-in-picture" loading="lazy"></iframe>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240909_144016274-1024x768.jpg" alt="Morning smoke in Missoula, Montana, September 9, 2024." class="wp-image-4523" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240909_144016274-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240909_144016274-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240909_144016274-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240909_144016274.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">La humarada matutina por Missoula, Montana, 9 de septiembre de 2024.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-119 wp-block-paragraph">Es una mañana seca en septiembre y el sol sale anaranjado en una densa humarada. El olor es la primera cosa que noto cuando salgo de la casa al jardín de mi mamá en la zona urbana de Missoula, Montana, EU. Es tan densa que el Monte Sentinel, cinco kilómetros lejos, sólo aparece como una vaga silueta azul por el humo.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-120 wp-block-paragraph">Pero en la profusión de girasoles silvestres (<em>Helianthus maximiliani</em>) y hierba de abeja (<em>Cleome serrulata</em>) en la esquina del jardín, los jilgueritos canarios (<em>Spinus tristis</em>) y jilgueritos pineros (<em>Spinus pinus</em>) están alimentándose de las semillas de los girasoles. Contra el trasfondo de los incendios forestales y un clima cada vez más hostil, aún quedan cosas que podemos hacer para aportar hábitat a los seres vivos que son nuestros prójimos.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0727-1024x768.jpg" alt="A pine siskin feeds on wild sunflower seeds." class="wp-image-4522" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0727-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0727-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0727-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0727-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0727-2048x1536.jpg 2048w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Un jilguerito pinero se alimenta de las semillas de los girasoles silvestres en el jardín missouliense de mi mamá.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Los gatos y los incendios forestales</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0743-1024x768.jpg" alt="Pine siskins and an American goldfinch feed in the wild sunflowers, where they are vulnerable to outdoor cats." class="wp-image-4524" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0743-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0743-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0743-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0743.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Jilgueritos pineros y un jilguerito canario forrajean en los girasoles silvestres, donde están vulnerables a los gatos al aire libre.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-121 wp-block-paragraph">Un carro pasa en la calle con mucha prisa. La mayoría de los jilgueritos canarios y pineros saltan volando y retiran hacia el abrigo de las ramas altas de un olmo de Siberia (<em>Ulmus pumila</em>), uno de varios en el vecindario. Un gato doméstico se escabulle entre las plantas, una mascota bien alimentada con los instintos de un asesino, acechando aves cantoras por diversión. </p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-122 wp-block-paragraph">Hay una cerca rodeando la mayor parte del jardín para impedir la entrada de los venados, y también suele disuadir a los gatos. Pero los girasoles están fuera de la cerca. Y no son todos en el vecindario que saben que los gatos al aire libre causan la mayor cantidad de muertes directas de aves que podríamos evitar. Los gatos <a href="https://www.allaboutbirds.org/news/faq-outdoor-cats-and-their-effects-on-birds/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">matan a más de 1,300 millones de aves por año solo en Estados Unidos</a>. Aquí, los gatos siguen merodeando por las calles, y los girasoles—aunque claramente a las aves del barrio les interesan—no son completamente seguros.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-123 wp-block-paragraph">Al siguiente día el humo está peor, y al siguiente también. Una capa sutil de cenizas desde el incendio más cercano, el Incendio de Sharrott Creek 39 kilómetros al sur, cubre mi carro. Bebo un té de menta que coseché del jardín en un esfuerzo para calmar mi garganta seca, irritada y áspera con humo.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Esperando la lluvia</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-full is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="785" height="682" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Windy-screenshot-9-9-2024.jpg" alt="Wildfires and atmospheric pollution (PM2.5) in the western United States versus Bolivia, Paraguay and western Brazil, September 9, 2024. " class="wp-image-4525" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Windy-screenshot-9-9-2024.jpg 785w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Windy-screenshot-9-9-2024-300x261.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Windy-screenshot-9-9-2024-768x667.jpg 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 785px) 100vw, 785px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Los incendios y la polución atmosférica (PM2.5) en el oeste de Estados Unidos versus en Bolivia, Paraguay y el occidente de Brasil, 9 de septiembre de 2024. Fuente: <a href="https://www.windy.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Windy.com</a>.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-124 wp-block-paragraph">Veo <a href="https://www.infobae.com/america/america-latina/2024/09/11/incendios-en-bolivia-consumen-una-superficie-comparable-a-la-de-suiza-y-los-bomberos-no-dan-abasto/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">una noticia sobre los incendios por Bolivia</a>, donde se han cancelado las clases presenciales en las escuelas por seis de los nueve departamentos del país por la humarada ahogante. Al checar un mapa de incendios activos y de las concentraciones de partículas finas en la atmósfera, veo con consternación que la situación actual en Sudamérica es mucho peor que la situación ya mala en el oeste de Estados Unidos. <a href="https://www.infobae.com/america/america-latina/2024/09/11/el-humo-de-los-incendios-en-bolivia-y-brasil-afecta-gravemente-la-calidad-del-aire-en-varias-zonas-de-sudamerica/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Desde la Amazonía brasileña hasta Bolivia y Paraguay</a>, una extensión masiva de Sudamérica está salpicada con incendios y oprimida por humo. Cuando le mando los mapas a mi amiga Margaret, ella resume la situación: “estamos jodidos.”</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="825" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0766-1024x825.jpg" alt="A lesser goldfinch feeds in the wild sunflowers." class="wp-image-4527" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0766-1024x825.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0766-300x242.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0766-768x619.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0766.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Un jilguerito dominico forrajea en los girasoles silvestres.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-125 wp-block-paragraph">Mientras tanto, los jilgueritos pineros y canarios siguen forrajeando, día tras día, en los girasoles con su plaga de gatos. Un jilguerito dominico (<em>Spinus psaltria</em>) aparece, más pequeño que el jilguerito pinero, y da llamadas lastimeras. Un chipe corona negra (<em>Cardellina pusilla</em>) aletea por el zumaque (<em>Rhus trilobata</em>) y el cerezo silvestre (<em>Prunus virginiana</em>), cazando insectos y llamando intensamente. </p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">La música de la lluvia</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240912_134348136-1024x768.jpg" alt="Rain drips off of the grape arbor over the door of the house." class="wp-image-4528" style="object-fit:cover" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240912_134348136-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240912_134348136-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240912_134348136-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240912_134348136.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">La lluvia gotea del emparrado sobre la puerta a la casa.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-126 wp-block-paragraph">Finalmente llega la lluvia, llevada por un frente frío otoñal. Me despierto escuchando las gotas rítmicas de lluvia que tamborilean alegremente sobre el techo de acero del cobertizo. El emparrado sobre la puerta de la casa canta la música de la lluvia. Un pato de collar (<em>Anas platyrhynchos</em>) hembra ha aparecido en el charco al lado de la calle, graznando de vez en cuando.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1200" height="900" src="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0783.jpg" alt="The mallard stands in runoff along the curb during the rainstorm." class="wp-image-4529" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0783.jpg 1200w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0783-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0783-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0783-768x576.jpg 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">La hembra del pato de collar queda parada en la escorrentía al lado del bordillo durante la lluvia.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-127 wp-block-paragraph">Sobre el pavimento de la calle, los charcos corren rápidamente hacia el desagüe. La lluvia que hemos estado rogando fluye hacia el Río Clark Fork, contaminada con una película de aceite de motor.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-128 wp-block-paragraph">En el centro de Helena, Montana, la lluvia causa inundaciones por Last Chance Gulch. Por una tarde, la calle se vuelve un río asfaltado. Y entonces la lluvia preciosa se nos escurre, lluvia buscando plantas y humedales para recibirla.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-129 wp-block-paragraph">No hay ni charcos en el jardín de mi mamá ni escorrentía. El verde de las plantas parece más vibrante ya. Hojas de parra y hojas de girasol silvestre, hojas de vara de oro y hojas de hierba de abeja, hojas de olmo de Siberia y la hojarasca del año pasado golpetean y gotean con lluvia. El mantillo de astillas de madera que cubre el suelo y ayuda a conservar humedad durante la sequía ya absorbe el agua. Dentro del suelo, me imagino que las raíces y el micelio están regocijándose.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240912_140517137-1024x768.jpg" alt="The grape arbor and the garden in the rain." class="wp-image-4530" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240912_140517137-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240912_140517137-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240912_140517137-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240912_140517137.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">El emparrado y el jardín en la lluvia.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<h3 class="wp-block-heading">El cambio climático y el té de menta</h3>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-130 wp-block-paragraph">Entre sequía e incendios, olas de calor y periodos atípicamente templados seguidos inmediatamente por el frío amargo del Ártico <a href="https://www.nationalgeographicla.com/medio-ambiente/2024/01/que-es-la-corriente-en-chorro-y-como-influye-en-el-clima">mientras la corriente polar en chorro se vuelve más débil</a>: el cambio climático está estresando a la vida, en este jardín y por toda la Tierra. Una infección de hongos ocasionada por el cambio abrupto de temperaturas el invierno pasado mató a un chabacano (<em>Prunus armeniaca</em>) en el jardín de mi mamá este año. En Montana ya hemos aprendido a anticipar el humo de incendios cada verano. Este año, lo hemos soportado por dos meses enteros. Desde mi juventud en el Estado aledaño de Idaho, 20 años atrás, no tengo ninguna memoria de ni un solo verano así.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-131 wp-block-paragraph">Los jilgueritos pineros han regresado a los girasoles. Bebo otra taza de té de menta del jardín. Durante este tiempo de tanto estrés, las aves y las otras criaturas necesitan nuestra ayuda más que nunca. Y comienza aquí, alrededor de nuestras casas y en nuestras comunidades.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-132 wp-block-paragraph">La escritora Leah Rampy, quien escribió <a href="https://www.leahmoranrampy.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Earth and Soul: Reconnecting amid Climate Chaos</a>, plantea:&nbsp;</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-133 wp-block-paragraph"><em>“Antes de ofrecerle nuestra ayuda a esta Tierra, necesitamos dedicarnos a ser más conscientes de las vidas alrededor de nosotros. Pero aún más, necesitamos aprender de ellas&#8230;. Nuestro reto es abrazar un ritmo nuevo y a la vez anciano de escuchar profundamente como prerrequisito para la colaboración creativa con toda la vida.”</em></p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="803" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0722-1024x803.jpg" alt="A pine siskin feeding in the sunflowers." class="wp-image-4531" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0722-1024x803.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0722-300x235.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0722-768x602.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0722.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Un jilguerito pinero se alimenta de un girasol silvestre.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Sobreviviendo</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="797" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20230520_195655548-1024x797.jpg" alt="Harvesting Siberian elm bark, May 2023." class="wp-image-4532" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20230520_195655548-1024x797.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20230520_195655548-300x234.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20230520_195655548-768x598.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20230520_195655548.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Pizcando la corteza interna del olmo de Siberia, mayo de 2023.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-134 wp-block-paragraph">Esta colaboración, con los animales y plantas que nos rodean y entre nosotros, puede ayudarnos a sobrevivir. Pienso en cómo mi amiga Cathryn Raan, herborista y cofundadora de la empresa missouliense <a href="https://wildwanders.love/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Wild Wanders</a>, me enseñó sobre los olmos de Siberia (<em>Ulmus pumila</em>). Estos árboles, comunes en el barrio de mi mamá y vistos por muchas personas como maleza, nos dan una corteza interna mucilaginosa en la primavera. Como la menta desde el jardín, es una medicina reconfortante para nuestras gargantas atacadas por el humo. </p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-135 wp-block-paragraph">Recuerdo que mi mamá y yo pizcamos una cantidad de esta corteza interna en mayo de 2023, cuando <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2023/05/17/caos-climatico-sanacion/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">el humo desde incendios forestales en Canadá estaba cubriendo Montana</a>. Ahora decido checar el joven olmo que crece al lado del jardín, cerca del callejón, del que podamos una rama esa primavera para sacar la corteza. El olmo parece estar prosperando a pesar de la adversidad. Sus ramas delgadas sobrepasan mi cabeza. Sus hojas están repletas de gotas de lluvia.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-136 wp-block-paragraph">En los girasoles en la esquina del jardín, los jilgueritos canarios y pineros siguen forrajeando. Mientras los escucho, pienso en todas las plantas que podemos cuidar—plantas que podrían ayudarlos, y ayudarnos, a sobrevivir el cambio climático.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0744-1024x768.jpg" alt="An American goldfinch feeds on wild sunflowers at the edge of the garden." class="wp-image-4534" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0744-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0744-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0744-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0744.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Un jilguerito canario forrajea en los girasoles silvestres al lado del jardín.</figcaption></figure>
</div>

<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="792" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240912_174516441-1024x792.jpg" alt="The Siberian elm sapling in the rain." class="wp-image-4533" style="object-fit:cover" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240912_174516441-1024x792.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240912_174516441-300x232.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240912_174516441-768x594.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240912_174516441.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">El joven olmo de Siberia en la lluvia.</figcaption></figure>
</div>

<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="736" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240912_174641977-1024x736.jpg" alt="The peppermint patch at the edge of the garden, with a sandbar willow (Salix exigua) providing bird and insect habitat in the background." class="wp-image-4535" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240912_174641977-1024x736.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240912_174641977-300x216.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240912_174641977-768x552.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240912_174641977.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">El parche de menta en el jardín. En el fondo, un sauce (Salix exigua) <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2023/03/24/montana-plantas-nativas-para-aves/">aporta hábitat para aves e insectos</a>.</figcaption></figure>
</div>

<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="847" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240912_174718327-1024x847.jpg" alt="The native wild mint (Mentha arvensis) growing along the side of the house." class="wp-image-4536" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240912_174718327-1024x847.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240912_174718327-300x248.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240912_174718327-768x635.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240912_174718327.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Una especie de menta silvestre nativa (Mentha arvensis) crece al lado de la casa.</figcaption></figure>
</div><p>The post <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2024/10/01/esperando-la-lluvia-sobreviviendo-el-cambio-climatico/">Esperando la lluvia: sobreviviendo el cambio climático</a> appeared first on <a href="https://wildwithnature.com">Wild With Nature</a>.</p>
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		<title>Waiting for rain: making it through climate change</title>
		<link>https://wildwithnature.com/2024/10/01/waiting-for-rain-climate-change/</link>
					<comments>https://wildwithnature.com/2024/10/01/waiting-for-rain-climate-change/#comments</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Shane Sater]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 01 Oct 2024 22:24:34 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Birds]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[English-language stories]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Plants]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Water]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Anas platyrhynchos]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Cardellina pusilla]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[cats]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Cleome serrulata]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[climate change]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[habitat]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Helianthus maximiliani]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mentha arvensis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Prunus virginiana]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Rhus trilobata]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Salix exigua]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Spinus pinus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Spinus psaltria]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Spinus tristis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ulmus pumila]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[wildfires]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://wildwithnature.com/?p=4512</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>It&#8217;s a dry September morning and the sun rises orange through a thick mass of wildfire smoke. The smell of it is the first thing [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2024/10/01/waiting-for-rain-climate-change/">Waiting for rain: making it through climate change</a> appeared first on <a href="https://wildwithnature.com">Wild With Nature</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
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<iframe style="border-radius:12px" src="https://open.spotify.com/embed/episode/3UOJaH481fQscIturevbVh?utm_source=generator&#038;t=0" width="100%" height="152" frameBorder="0" allowfullscreen="" allow="autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; fullscreen; picture-in-picture" loading="lazy"></iframe>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240909_144016274-1024x768.jpg" alt="Morning smoke in Missoula, Montana, September 9, 2024." class="wp-image-4523" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240909_144016274-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240909_144016274-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240909_144016274-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240909_144016274.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Morning smoke in Missoula, Montana, September 9, 2024.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-154 wp-block-paragraph">It&#8217;s a dry September morning and the sun rises orange through a thick mass of wildfire smoke. The smell of it is the first thing I notice as I step outside into my mom’s urban Missoula, Montana garden. It’s so dense that Mount Sentinel, three miles away, is just a vague blue silhouette through the haze.&nbsp;</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-155 wp-block-paragraph">But in the tangle of wild sunflowers (<em>Helianthus maximiliani</em>) and Rocky Mountain beeplant (<em>Cleome serrulata</em>) at the corner of my mom’s yard, the American goldfinches (<em>Spinus tristis</em>) and pine siskins (<em>Spinus pinus</em>) are feeding on sunflower seeds. Against the backdrop of forest fires and an increasingly hostile climate, there are still things we can to do provide habitat for our fellow living creatures.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0727-1024x768.jpg" alt="A pine siskin feeds on wild sunflower seeds." class="wp-image-4522" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0727-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0727-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0727-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0727-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0727-2048x1536.jpg 2048w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A pine siskin feeds on wild sunflower seeds in my mom&#8217;s Missoula garden.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Cats and wildfires</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0743-1024x768.jpg" alt="Pine siskins and an American goldfinch feed in the wild sunflowers, where they are vulnerable to outdoor cats." class="wp-image-4524" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0743-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0743-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0743-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0743.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Pine siskins and an American goldfinch feed in the wild sunflowers, where they are vulnerable to outdoor cats.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-156 wp-block-paragraph">A car rushes past. Most of the goldfinches and siskins erupt into the air and seek shelter among the high branches of the neighborhood’s Siberian elms (<em>Ulmus pumila</em>). A free-roaming domestic cat slinks past, a well-fed pet with killer instincts, stalking songbirds for sport. The deer fence that surrounds most of my mom’s yard discourages the cats from entering. But the sunflowers are outside of the fence. And not everyone in the neighborhood realizes that free-ranging cats are the number one human-related cause of direct bird deaths, <a href="https://www.allaboutbirds.org/news/faq-outdoor-cats-and-their-effects-on-birds/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">killing over 1.3 billion birds a year in the United States alone</a>. Cats continue to roam the streets, and the sunflowers—although clearly of interest to the neighborhood’s songbirds—are not entirely safe.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-157 wp-block-paragraph">The smoke is worse the next day, and the next. A thin film of ashes from the nearest wildfire, the Sharrott Creek Fire 24 miles south of us, covers my car. I sip tea made from peppermint that I harvested from the garden in an attempt to soothe my dry throat, irritated and rough with smoke.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Waiting for rain</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-full is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="785" height="682" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Windy-screenshot-9-9-2024.jpg" alt="Wildfires and atmospheric pollution (PM2.5) in the western United States versus Bolivia, Paraguay and western Brazil, September 9, 2024. " class="wp-image-4525" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Windy-screenshot-9-9-2024.jpg 785w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Windy-screenshot-9-9-2024-300x261.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Windy-screenshot-9-9-2024-768x667.jpg 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 785px) 100vw, 785px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Wildfires and atmospheric pollution (PM2.5) in the western United States versus Bolivia, Paraguay and western Brazil, September 9, 2024. Source: <a href="https://www.windy.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Windy.com</a> app.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-158 wp-block-paragraph">I see <a href="https://www.infobae.com/america/america-latina/2024/09/11/incendios-en-bolivia-consumen-una-superficie-comparable-a-la-de-suiza-y-los-bomberos-no-dan-abasto/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">a news article about wildfires in Bolivia</a>, where in-person classes have been canceled in the schools in six of the country’s nine departments because the air is choked by smoke. Checking active fires and concentrations of fine particulate in the atmosphere, I’m dismayed to see that the current situation in South America is far worse than the already-bad conditions here in the western United States. <a href="https://www.infobae.com/america/america-latina/2024/09/11/el-humo-de-los-incendios-en-bolivia-y-brasil-afecta-gravemente-la-calidad-del-aire-en-varias-zonas-de-sudamerica/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">From the Brazilian Amazon to Bolivia and Paraguay</a>, a massive swath of South America is dotted with wildfires and oppressed by smoke. When I share the maps with my friend Margaret, she sums it up: “we’re fucking doomed.”</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="825" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0766-1024x825.jpg" alt="A lesser goldfinch feeds in the wild sunflowers." class="wp-image-4527" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0766-1024x825.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0766-300x242.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0766-768x619.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0766.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A lesser goldfinch feeds in the wild sunflowers.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-159 wp-block-paragraph">Meanwhile, the siskins and goldfinches continue feeding, day after day, in the cat-plagued sunflowers. A lesser goldfinch (<em>Spinus psaltria</em>) shows up, smaller than the siskins, and calls plaintively. A Wilson&#8217;s warbler (<em>Cardellina pusilla</em>) flits through the skunkbush sumac (<em>Rhus trilobata</em>) and the chokecherry (<em>Prunus virginiana</em>), hunting insects and calling sharply.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Rain music</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240912_134348136-1024x768.jpg" alt="Rain drips off of the grape arbor over the door of the house." class="wp-image-4528" style="object-fit:cover" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240912_134348136-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240912_134348136-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240912_134348136-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240912_134348136.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Rain drips off of the grape arbor over the door of the house.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-160 wp-block-paragraph">Finally the rains arrive, carried by a fall cold front. I wake up to steady raindrops that drum playfully on the steel roof of the shed. The grape arbor over the door of the house sings the music of the rain. A hen mallard (<em>Anas platyrhynchos</em>) has appeared at the puddle along the edge of the street, quacking occasionally.&nbsp;</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0783-1024x768.jpg" alt="The mallard stands in runoff along the curb during the rainstorm." class="wp-image-4529" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0783-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0783-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0783-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0783.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">The mallard stands in runoff along the curb during the rainstorm.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-161 wp-block-paragraph">On the pavement of the street, the puddles run quickly into the storm drain. The rain we’ve been praying for flows towards the Clark Fork River, anointed with a sheen of motor oil.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-162 wp-block-paragraph">In downtown Helena, the rains cause flooding on Last Chance Gulch. For an afternoon, the street becomes an asphalt river. And then the precious rain slips away, rain in search of plants and wetlands to hold it.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-163 wp-block-paragraph">There are no puddles in my mom’s garden, no runoff. The green of the plants seems more vibrant now. Grape leaves and wild sunflower leaves, goldenrod leaves and Rocky Mountain beeplant leaves, Siberian elm leaves and last year’s dead leaves patter and drip with raindrops. The wood chips underneath, which help hold water during the droughts, soak it up now. In the soil, I imagine the roots and the mycelium rejoicing.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240912_140517137-1024x768.jpg" alt="The grape arbor and the garden in the rain." class="wp-image-4530" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240912_140517137-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240912_140517137-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240912_140517137-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240912_140517137.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">The grape arbor and the garden in the rain.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Climate change and mint tea</h3>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-164 wp-block-paragraph">Drought and wildfire, heat waves, unusual warm spells followed by bitter Arctic cold as <a href="https://climate.mit.edu/explainers/polar-jet-stream-and-polar-vortex">the jet stream gets weaker</a>: climate change is stressing life, in this garden and on this earth. A fungal infection brought on by last winter’s sudden temperature change killed an apricot tree in my mom’s yard this year. By now we’ve learned to expect wildfire smoke every summer in Montana. This year, we’ve had two months of it. As a kid 20 years ago in neighboring Idaho, I don’t remember a single summer like this.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-165 wp-block-paragraph">The siskins have returned to the sunflowers. I sip another cup of mint tea from the garden. In this time of great stress, the birds and the other creatures need our help more than ever. And it starts here, around our homes and in our communities.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-166 wp-block-paragraph">Leah Rampy, author of <a href="https://www.leahmoranrampy.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Earth and Soul: Reconnecting amid Climate Chaos</a>, writes:&nbsp;</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-167 wp-block-paragraph"><em>“Before we offer our support to this Earth, we must dedicate ourselves to increased awareness of the lives around us. But more than that, we must learn from them…. Our challenge is to embrace a new-yet-ancient rhythm of deep listening as a prerequisite for creative collaboration with all life.”</em></p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="803" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0722-1024x803.jpg" alt="A pine siskin feeding in the sunflowers." class="wp-image-4531" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0722-1024x803.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0722-300x235.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0722-768x602.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0722.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A pine siskin feeding in the sunflowers.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Making it through</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="797" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20230520_195655548-1024x797.jpg" alt="Harvesting Siberian elm bark, May 2023." class="wp-image-4532" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20230520_195655548-1024x797.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20230520_195655548-300x234.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20230520_195655548-768x598.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20230520_195655548.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Harvesting Siberian elm bark, May 2023.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-168 wp-block-paragraph">This collaboration, with the animals and plants around us and with each other, can help us make it through. I think of how my friend Cathryn Raan, herbalist and cofounder of the Missoula-based company <a href="https://wildwanders.love/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Wild Wanders</a>, taught me about the Siberian elms (<em>Ulmus pumila</em>). These trees, common in my mom’s neighborhood and regarded by many as weeds, give us a mucilaginous inner bark in the spring. Like the mint from the garden, it’s a soothing medicine for our smoke-roughened throats.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-169 wp-block-paragraph">I remember how my mom and I gathered some of the inner bark in May of 2023, when <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2023/05/17/climate-chaos-healing/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">smoke from wildfires in Canada was blanketing Montana</a>. I decide to check on the young elm growing at the edge of the yard, near the alley, where we pruned a branch that spring to harvest the inner bark. The elm seems to be thriving in spite of adversity, spindly branches reaching taller than my head, leaves beaded with rain.&nbsp;</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-170 wp-block-paragraph">In the sunflowers at the edge of the yard, the goldfinches and pine siskins continue feeding. As I listen to them, I think about all of the plants we can encourage—plants that may help them, and us, make it through climate change.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0744-1024x768.jpg" alt="An American goldfinch feeds on wild sunflowers at the edge of the garden." class="wp-image-4534" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0744-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0744-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0744-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/DSCN0744.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">An American goldfinch feeds on wild sunflowers at the edge of the garden.</figcaption></figure>
</div>

<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="792" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240912_174516441-1024x792.jpg" alt="The Siberian elm sapling in the rain." class="wp-image-4533" style="object-fit:cover" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240912_174516441-1024x792.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240912_174516441-300x232.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240912_174516441-768x594.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240912_174516441.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">The Siberian elm sapling in the rain.</figcaption></figure>
</div>

<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="736" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240912_174641977-1024x736.jpg" alt="The peppermint patch at the edge of the garden, with a sandbar willow (Salix exigua) providing bird and insect habitat in the background." class="wp-image-4535" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240912_174641977-1024x736.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240912_174641977-300x216.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240912_174641977-768x552.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240912_174641977.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">The peppermint patch at the edge of the garden, with a sandbar willow (Salix exigua) <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2023/03/24/montana-native-plants-for-birds/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">providing bird and insect habitat</a> in the background.</figcaption></figure>
</div>

<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="847" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240912_174718327-1024x847.jpg" alt="The native wild mint (Mentha arvensis) growing along the side of the house." class="wp-image-4536" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240912_174718327-1024x847.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240912_174718327-300x248.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240912_174718327-768x635.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PXL_20240912_174718327.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">The native wild mint (Mentha arvensis) growing along the side of the house.</figcaption></figure>
</div><p>The post <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2024/10/01/waiting-for-rain-climate-change/">Waiting for rain: making it through climate change</a> appeared first on <a href="https://wildwithnature.com">Wild With Nature</a>.</p>
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		<title>Of bitterns and bank swallows: Lake Helena, part 2</title>
		<link>https://wildwithnature.com/2024/08/01/bitterns-bank-swallows/</link>
					<comments>https://wildwithnature.com/2024/08/01/bitterns-bank-swallows/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Shane Sater]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 01 Aug 2024 18:35:08 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Birds]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[Insects]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Plants]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Water]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Actitis macularius]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Agelaius phoeniceus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[birdsong]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Botaurus lentiginosus]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[habitat]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Lake Helena]]></category>
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					<description><![CDATA[<p>This story is the second in a series about Lake Helena and getting to know a place in nature over time. If you haven’t heard [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2024/08/01/bitterns-bank-swallows/">Of bitterns and bank swallows: Lake Helena, part 2</a> appeared first on <a href="https://wildwithnature.com">Wild With Nature</a>.</p>
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<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-199 wp-block-paragraph"><em>This story is the second in a series about Lake Helena and getting to know a place in nature over time. If you haven’t heard <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2024/07/01/lake-helena-shorebirds/">last month’s installment, you can start there</a>… or just jump in here!</em></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-200 wp-block-paragraph">It’s a night in late June at a cattail marsh along Montana’s Rocky Mountain Front. The sun set more than an hour ago, and the pale, peachy afterglow has faded to blue over the backbone of the mountains. The marsh and the dark sky above it are filled with the calls and strange winnowing sounds of a dozen Wilson’s snipes (<em>Gallinago delicata</em>). And then, from somewhere deep in the marsh, we hear it again, that strange, deep gulping sound, <em>wump–CATchum! wump–CATchum!</em>: the distinctive call of an American bittern (<em>Botaurus lentiginosus</em>).&nbsp;</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/WillowCrRes_sunrise-1024x768.jpg" alt="Pre-dawn along the Rocky Mountain Front." class="wp-image-4367" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/WillowCrRes_sunrise-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/WillowCrRes_sunrise-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/WillowCrRes_sunrise-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/WillowCrRes_sunrise.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Pre-dawn along the Rocky Mountain Front.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-201 wp-block-paragraph">The American bittern is a secretive heron of dense marshes, uncommonly observed in Montana, and this is the first time that anyone has reported one in this marsh. We hear the bittern calling for roughly half an hour as the sun’s last glow fades away. The next morning we hear it once again in the pre-dawn hours, starting up around 4:20 am and continuing for roughly 40 minutes. Before sunrise arrives, though, it’s become silent, a ghost of a bird hiding in the wetland.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Bitterns at Lake Helena?</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/29Jun_LakeHelena1-1024x768.jpg" alt="Listening for bitterns before dawn at Lake Helena." class="wp-image-4368" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/29Jun_LakeHelena1-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/29Jun_LakeHelena1-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/29Jun_LakeHelena1-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/29Jun_LakeHelena1-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/29Jun_LakeHelena1.jpg 2000w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Listening for bitterns before dawn at Lake Helena.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-202 wp-block-paragraph"><em>If a bittern is living here among these cattails, </em>I ask myself, <em>why not at Lake Helena, 64 miles away? </em>The cattail marshes are even more extensive there. And so, four days later, I arrive at Lake Helena at 4:00 am to listen for bitterns.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-203 wp-block-paragraph">It’s a chilly, still morning with skeins of mist rising from the lake. I’m standing in waders at the edge of the cattail marsh, cupping my hands over my ears and listening intently. I can hear the clear <em>wichety wichety wichety </em>of the common yellowthroats (<em>Geothlypis trichas</em>) and the chatter of the marsh wrens (<em>Cistothorus palustris</em>). A Wilson’s snipe winnows in the distance. From time to time, I hear splashes and sounds I don’t recognize from the marsh—but no bittern.&nbsp;</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-204 wp-block-paragraph">A waning crescent moon is high in the southeastern sky and the mountains are black silhouettes in the distance. I’ve listened for an hour now—still no bittern. I’m getting cold. If a bittern was calling, I’m pretty sure I would have heard it. Later, I read that bitterns most often call early in the breeding season. Are there bitterns hiding in this marsh, silent now at the end of June?</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">July in the marsh</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/12Jul_LakeHelena3-1024x768.jpg" alt="Pre-dawn sky at Lake Helena, July 12." class="wp-image-4370" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/12Jul_LakeHelena3-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/12Jul_LakeHelena3-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/12Jul_LakeHelena3-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/12Jul_LakeHelena3.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Pre-dawn sky at Lake Helena, July 12.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-205 wp-block-paragraph">I return to Lake Helena a week and a half later by kayak, arriving before sunrise on July 12. As I drift slowly through the morning darkness, I’m greeted by a cacophony in the marsh. It’s a roaring buzz, notable from hundreds of yards away. It sounds like the cattails are hosting a convention of miniature chainsaws. But as I get closer, what I find isn’t what I had been expecting, a conglomeration of red-winged blackbirds (<em>Agelaius phoeniceus</em>) or marsh wrens. Instead, it’s a massive group of bank swallows (<em>Riparia riparia</em>), easily a hundred of them, perhaps several times that many.&nbsp;</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-206 wp-block-paragraph">Immediately I have a suspicion about what I’m seeing. A nearby bank swallow colony has fledged, I think, and the year’s profusion of fledglings have moved on from the vertical earth bank where they spent the first three or four weeks of their life. As they forage and get ready for migration, the marsh is a safe haven for them to stop and roost for the night.&nbsp;</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Swallows and nighthawks</h3>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-207 wp-block-paragraph">The pre-dawn sky is pinkish-gray with haze from the Horse Gulch Fire, which started a few days ago in the mountains to the east and has already grown to over 7500 acres. Suddenly, at 5:27 am, the bank swallow flock erupts from the marsh without warning. A swirling cloud of noisy swallows circles over my kayak just long enough for me to snap a photo and estimate that there are at least 250 of them. And then they’re gone, scattering over the lake.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/BANS1-1024x768.jpg" alt="The bank swallow flock in flight." class="wp-image-4371" style="object-fit:cover" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/BANS1-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/BANS1-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/BANS1-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/BANS1.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">The bank swallow flock in flight.</figcaption></figure>
</div>

<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="795" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/coni-1024x795.jpg" alt="Common nighthawk in flight." class="wp-image-4372" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/coni-1024x795.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/coni-300x233.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/coni-768x596.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/coni-1536x1192.jpg 1536w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/coni.jpg 1800w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Common nighthawk in flight.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-208 wp-block-paragraph">As I continue to drift slowly onwards at the edge of the marsh, I think about all of the stories of the birds and other animals that use this place throughout the year. I wonder how many of these stories I haven’t even imagined. On June 19, 2023, <a href="https://ebird.org/checklist/S142140239" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Logan Kahle was at Lake Helena in the evening</a> and observed an astounding 680 common nighthawks (<em>Chordeiles minor</em>) flying over the water, where they were presumably foraging.&nbsp;</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-209 wp-block-paragraph">“This was a bare minimum estimate, made in a single scan counting by 20s,” he wrote. “I have viewed many amazing nighthawk spectacles over reservoirs in the Great Basin, but this may have been the craziest.”</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Marsh wrens and marbled godwits</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="889" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/mawr-1024x889.jpg" alt="Begging juvenile marsh wrens." class="wp-image-4373" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/mawr-1024x889.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/mawr-300x261.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/mawr-768x667.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/mawr.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Begging juvenile marsh wrens.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-210 wp-block-paragraph">Presumably Logan had no idea that evening that he would see such a massive group of nighthawks over the lake. Nor did I set out this morning with any inkling that there would be hundreds of bank swallows roosting in the marsh. Often, the most amazing moments in nature just happen, unexpected.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8202-1024x768.jpg" alt="Marbled godwits take a drink at the delta." class="wp-image-4382" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8202-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8202-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8202-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8202.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Marbled godwits take a drink at the delta.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-211 wp-block-paragraph">As the sun rises smoky orange over the mountains, I watch a group of three juvenile marsh wrens who give high-pitched begging calls from the edge of the wetland. They still have tufts of downy feathers on their heads, giving me the impression that they only recently got up out of bed and didn’t comb themselves. One of their parents is working overtime to stuff them with insects, hunting diligently for prey among the mud at the edge of the cattail forest.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-212 wp-block-paragraph">At the Prickly Pear Creek delta, the swamp verbena (<em>Verbena hastata</em>) is blooming, rich purple spikes against the green of the marsh. A flock of marbled godwits (<em>Limosa fedoa</em>) is circling low over the sandbar, calling. Finally they land there, gull-sized shorebirds with gently swooping, pale orange bills. They dip their bills in the shallow water and tilt their heads up, drinking.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Hot morning at the delta</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8190-1024x768.jpg" alt="A killdeer perches at the edge of a mudflat." class="wp-image-4381" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8190-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8190-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8190-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8190.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A killdeer perches at the edge of a mudflat.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-213 wp-block-paragraph">The morning sun is fierce now, its intensity increased by the water’s reflection. Most of the shorebirds at the delta today are species that nest here: spotted sandpipers (<em>Actitis macularius</em>), killdeer (<em>Charadrius vociferus</em>), and dozens of Wilson’s phalaropes (<em>Phalaropus tricolor</em>). An impressive flock of 70 American avocets (<em>Recurvirostra americana</em>) flies over but doesn’t land.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-214 wp-block-paragraph">But even though “summer” only began a few weeks ago on the human calendar, and <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2024/07/01/lake-helena-shorebirds/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">the May shorebirds that used these sandbars in their northbound migration towards the Arctic</a> are still a recent memory, the mosaic is already shifting. The marbled godwits—shorebirds which breed in Montana but not, as far as I know, in this urbanized valley—are one of the first hints that fall shorebird migration is already starting. But they’re not alone.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Fall shorebird migration</h3>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-215 wp-block-paragraph">As the morning heats up and the roar of Helena Valley traffic echoes through the soundscape, punctuated by the sounds of red-winged blackbirds and a few other species, the shallow water at the delta is full of foraging shorebirds. Here, alongside the Wilson’s phalaropes, I count nine long-billed dowitchers (<em>Limnodromus scolopaceus</em>) and four western sandpipers (<em>Calidris mauri</em>).</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="839" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8269-1024x839.jpg" alt="Long-billed dowitchers forage in the shallows, with a Wilson's phalarope in the background." class="wp-image-4379" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8269-1024x839.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8269-300x246.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8269-768x629.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8269.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Long-billed dowitchers forage in the shallows, with a Wilson&#8217;s phalarope in the background.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-216 wp-block-paragraph">With these two species, there’s no doubt that these birds are already migrating south. Both breed roughly 2000 miles to the northwest, where wet tundra meets the Arctic Ocean. After a compressed nesting season, by now the adults have already begun their fall migration. The juveniles will wait longer—often another month or more—before they too head south, somehow finding their way across the continent to their wintering grounds without the assistance of their parents. Some western sandpipers will spend the winter as far south as the coast of Peru.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="755" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8239-1024x755.jpg" alt="Western sandpipers forage with a Wilson's phalarope in the foreground." class="wp-image-4380" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8239-1024x755.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8239-300x221.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8239-768x566.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8239.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Western sandpipers forage with a Wilson&#8217;s phalarope in the foreground.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Noticing the flies</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="768" height="1024" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Sparganium-768x1024.jpg" alt="The marsh of bur-reed." class="wp-image-4378" style="width:400px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Sparganium-768x1024.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Sparganium-225x300.jpg 225w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Sparganium-1152x1536.jpg 1152w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Sparganium.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">The marsh of bur-reed.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-217 wp-block-paragraph">Past the delta with its shorebirds and its usual group of American white pelicans (<em>Pelecanus erythrorhynchos</em>), I decide to give myself time to slow down and notice some more of the life in this place. There are some flies buzzing along a band of sandbar willows (<em>Salix exigua</em>) that divides the lake from part of the marsh as I record a Virginia rail (<em>Rallus limicola</em>) making short, staccato calls from the wetland. Among the incredible diversity of flies in the world, I have no idea what these ones might be, nor do I try to catch one to observe it more closely and find out.&nbsp;</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-218 wp-block-paragraph">This patch of marsh is dominated by bur-reed (<em>Sparganium </em>sp.), an expanse of bright green spears pointing skyward, and on the bur-reed flowers I notice some other flies. These ones are bronze-colored with striking yellow bands on the abdomen, suggesting to me that they’re a species of hover fly (family Syrphidae). The flies take off before I can get a photo, but not before I notice that they’re only landing on the small, bright yellow clusters of male bur-reed flowers, which are positioned above the larger, snow-white spheres of female flowers. The hover flies must be finding pollen to feed on, I suspect.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Mudflats in miniature</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="815" height="1024" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8294-815x1024.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-4375" style="width:400px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8294-815x1024.jpg 815w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8294-239x300.jpg 239w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8294-768x965.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8294.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 815px) 100vw, 815px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Swamp verbena with a viceroy.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-219 wp-block-paragraph">The morning is getting hotter, and I’m almost ready to turn back. But I paddle just a little bit farther first and stop to photograph the swamp verbena. It’s flowering abundantly here at the edge between lake and marsh, just as it was at the delta. A viceroy (<em>Limenitis archippus</em>), a beautiful <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2022/07/22/milkweed-monarchs-helena/">monarch-mimicking butterfly</a> whose larvae probably developed on the nearby sandbar willows, is perching on a swamp verbena stem. A second viceroy lands on a mudflat in miniature nearby, flexing its wings. This tiny mudflat has flies, too, but they aren’t the sort that buzz around my microphone to add their voices to a Virginia rail recording. These ones are smaller, delicate, and they glint in the sunlight in tones of metallic copper and green. I suspect they’re some kind of long-legged fly (family Dolichopodidae).</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-220 wp-block-paragraph">In a special place in nature such as Lake Helena, the learning is endless. Today, it’s been a huge flock of bank swallows roosting in the pre-dawn marsh. It’s been the shifting kaleidoscope of shorebirds using these mudflats and sandbars alongside massive American white pelicans. And pausing to slow down and take a closer look, I’ve seen something similar in miniature: a viceroy perching alongside dozens of tiny long-legged flies, like the insect analogs of pelicans and shorebirds on a mudflat.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="800" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8310-1024x800.jpg" alt="Suspected long-legged flies on a mini mudflat." class="wp-image-4376" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8310-1024x800.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8310-300x234.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8310-768x600.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8310.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Suspected long-legged flies on a mini mudflat.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="771" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8297-1024x771.jpg" alt="The viceroy on the mudflat." class="wp-image-4377" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8297-1024x771.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8297-300x226.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8297-768x579.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8297.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">The viceroy on the mudflat.</figcaption></figure>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Seeing bank swallows, imagining bitterns</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/29Jun_LakeHelena5-1024x768.jpg" alt="Habitat for bitterns? The cattail marsh before sunrise." class="wp-image-4374" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/29Jun_LakeHelena5-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/29Jun_LakeHelena5-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/29Jun_LakeHelena5-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/29Jun_LakeHelena5-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/29Jun_LakeHelena5-2048x1536.jpg 2048w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Habitat for bitterns? The cattail marsh at Lake Helena before sunrise.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-221 wp-block-paragraph">I’m left feeling grateful for this habitat that supports so much life, from long-legged flies and bur-reed to bank swallows and the occasional massive concentration of foraging nighthawks. I wonder what Lake Helena will teach me next time. And I keep on imagining American bitterns in the marsh. Perhaps, if I come back on an early summer night next year, I’ll find them here, singing.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-222 wp-block-paragraph"><em>In Montana, Montana Audubon coordinates the Important Bird Area program, which includes the Lake Helena Important Bird Area. To find out more about this program and Montana Audubon&#8217;s other conservation and citizen science initiatives, visit </em><a href="http://mtaudubon.org/"><em>mtaudubon.org</em></a><em>. And if you visit Lake Helena, consider </em><a href="https://ebird.org/region/US-MT"><em>submitting your bird sightings through eBird</em></a><em> to contribute to our collective knowledge of this place!</em></p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-223">Further reading</h3>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-224 wp-block-paragraph">Billerman, S.M., Keeney, B.K., Rodewald, P.G. &amp; Schulenberg, T.S. (editors). (2022). Birds of the World. Ithaca, NY: Cornell Lab of Ornithology. <a href="https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/home" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/home</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-225 wp-block-paragraph">Marks, J.S., Hendricks, P., &amp; Casey, D. (2016). <em>Birds of Montana</em>. Arrington, VA: Buteo Books. </p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-226 wp-block-paragraph">Wilson, H. (2012, 5 Aug). Shorebird migration. <em>Maine Birds</em>. Retrieved from <a href="https://web.colby.edu/mainebirds/2012/10/21/shorebird-migration/">https://web.colby.edu/mainebirds/2012/10/21/shorebird-migration/</a></p>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="797" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/coni2-1024x797.jpg" alt="Common nighthawks forage over Lake Helena against a smoky July sunrise." class="wp-image-4402" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/coni2-1024x797.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/coni2-300x234.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/coni2-768x598.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/coni2.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Common nighthawks forage over Lake Helena against a smoky July sunrise.</figcaption></figure>
<p>The post <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2024/08/01/bitterns-bank-swallows/">Of bitterns and bank swallows: Lake Helena, part 2</a> appeared first on <a href="https://wildwithnature.com">Wild With Nature</a>.</p>
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		<title>De avetoros y golondrinas ribereñas: el verano por el Lago Helena</title>
		<link>https://wildwithnature.com/2024/08/01/avetoros-golondrinas-riberenas/</link>
					<comments>https://wildwithnature.com/2024/08/01/avetoros-golondrinas-riberenas/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Shane Sater]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 01 Aug 2024 18:34:28 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Agua]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Aves]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Historias en español]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Insectos]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Plantas]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Actitis macularius]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Agelaius phoeniceus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Botaurus lentiginosus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Calidris mauri]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[cantos de aves]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Charadrius vociferus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Chordeiles minor]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Cistothorus palustris]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Dolichopodidae]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Gallinago delicata]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Geothlypis trichas]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[habitat]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Lake Helena]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Limenitis archippus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Limnodromus scolopaceus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Limosa fedoa]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[migration]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Montana Audubon]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Pelecanus erythrorhynchus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Phalaropus tricolor]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Rallus limicola]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Recurvirostra americana]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Riparia riparia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Salix exigua]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Syrphidae]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Verbena hastata]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://wildwithnature.com/?p=4364</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Esta historia es la segunda en una serie que se trata de conocer un lugar en la naturaleza con el tiempo y del Lago Helena, [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2024/08/01/avetoros-golondrinas-riberenas/">De avetoros y golondrinas ribereñas: el verano por el Lago Helena</a> appeared first on <a href="https://wildwithnature.com">Wild With Nature</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<figure class="wp-block-image size-full is-resized"><a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2024/08/01/bitterns-bank-swallows/"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="734" height="188" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-es-2.jpg" alt="Podcast bilingüe de la naturaleza" class="wp-image-3489" style="width:auto;height:100px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-es-2.jpg 734w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-es-2-300x77.jpg 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 734px) 100vw, 734px" /></a></figure>



<iframe style="border-radius:12px" src="https://open.spotify.com/embed/episode/2XLevxVYd1GKnJ3WJIruph?utm_source=generator&#038;t=0" width="100%" height="152" frameBorder="0" allowfullscreen="" allow="autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; fullscreen; picture-in-picture" loading="lazy"></iframe>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-256 wp-block-paragraph"><em>Esta historia es la segunda en una serie que se trata de conocer un lugar en la naturaleza con el tiempo y del Lago Helena, un lugar especial para mí en Montana, Estados Unidos. Si no has escuchado <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2024/07/01/playeros-lago-helena/">la primera parte, puedes empezar ahí</a>… o simplemente ¡empieza aquí en el medio! </em></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-257 wp-block-paragraph">Es una noche a finales de junio por un humedal de tules en la región del Rocky Mountain Front de Montana, EU. Hace más de una hora que se puso el sol. Ahora el pálido resplandor crepuscular se ha oscurecido hacia azul sobre la espina dorsal de las montañas. El humedal y el cielo están llenos de los sonidos enfáticos de una docena de agachonas norteamericanas (<em>Gallinago delicata</em>), haciendo un despliegue acústico. Y entonces, desde alguna parte profunda del humedal, volvemos a escuchar otra cosa—aquel extraño sonido, un tragar del aire, <em>¡guam–CATchan! ¡guam–CATchan!</em>—la llamada distintiva del avetoro norteño (<em>Botaurus lentiginosus</em>).&nbsp;</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/WillowCrRes_sunrise-1024x768.jpg" alt="Pre-dawn along the Rocky Mountain Front." class="wp-image-4367" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/WillowCrRes_sunrise-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/WillowCrRes_sunrise-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/WillowCrRes_sunrise-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/WillowCrRes_sunrise.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">El cielo antes del alba por el Rocky Mountain Front.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-258 wp-block-paragraph">El avetoro norteño es una garza escurridiza de humedales densos, observado con poca frecuencia en Montana. Ésta es la primera vez que alguien ha registrado a un avetoro en este humedal. Seguimos escuchándole llamar por alrededor de media hora más mientras el último brillo del sol desaparece al horizonte. Lo escuchamos otra vez la siguiente mañana en las horas antes del amanecer, empezando cerca de las 4:20 am y siguiendo por aproximadamente 40 minutos. Se calla antes de que salga el sol, un fantasma con alas escondiéndose en el humedal.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">¿Avetoros por el Lago Helena?</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/29Jun_LakeHelena1-1024x768.jpg" alt="Listening for bitterns before dawn at Lake Helena." class="wp-image-4368" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/29Jun_LakeHelena1-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/29Jun_LakeHelena1-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/29Jun_LakeHelena1-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/29Jun_LakeHelena1-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/29Jun_LakeHelena1.jpg 2000w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Escuchando por avetoros antes del amanecer por el Lago Helena. </figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-259 wp-block-paragraph"><em>Si un avetoro está habitando acá entre estos tules</em>, me pregunto, <em>¿por qué no por el Lago Helena, 103 kilómetros lejos?</em> Los humedales de tule ahí son aun más extensos. Y así es que cuatro días después vengo llegando al Lago Helena a las cuatro de la mañana para tratar de escuchar avetoros.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-260 wp-block-paragraph">Es una mañana fría y calma mientras madejas de neblina ascienden desde el lago. Estoy parado en botas de pescador al borde del humedal, escuchando atentamente. Tengo mis manos detrás de mis orejas para amplificar los sonidos. Puedo oír los cantos claros de las mascaritas comunes (<em>Geothlypis trichas</em>): <em>guichití, guichití guichití.</em> Los saltaparedes pantaneros (<em>Cistothorus palustris</em>) están parloteando estridentemente. Noto el sonido extraño de una agachona norteamericana en la distancia. De vez en cuando, oigo chapoteos y sonidos que no reconozco desde el humedal—pero no hay ningún avetoro.&nbsp;</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-261 wp-block-paragraph">La luna menguante está alto en el cielo al sureste y las montañas son siluetas negras en la distancia. Ya he escuchado por una hora entera—pero no he escuchado nada de un avetoro. Ya tengo frío. Y si un avetoro hubiera llamado, estoy bastante seguro de que lo habría oído. Luego, investigando más sobre los avetoros, leo que suelen llamar más al inicio de la temporada reproductiva. ¿Puede que sí hay avetoros en este humedal, ya silentes al fin de junio?</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Julio por el humedal</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/12Jul_LakeHelena3-1024x768.jpg" alt="Pre-dawn sky at Lake Helena, July 12." class="wp-image-4370" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/12Jul_LakeHelena3-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/12Jul_LakeHelena3-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/12Jul_LakeHelena3-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/12Jul_LakeHelena3.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">El cielo antes del amanecer por el Lago Helena el 12 de julio.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-262 wp-block-paragraph">Con el misterio del avetoro todavía no resuelto, vuelvo al Lago Helena por kayak una semana y media después, llegando antes del amanecer el 12 de julio. Mientras ando a la deriva a través de la oscuridad matutina, me encuentro con una cacofonía en el humedal. Es un zumbido tremendo que se nota a cientos de metros de distancia. Suena como si los tules fueran albergando un congreso de motosierras miniaturas. Pero mientras me acerco más, lo que encuentro no es lo que pensé, una bandada de tordos sargento (<em>Agelaius phoeniceus</em>) o saltaparedes pantaneros. En efecto, es una bandada inmensa de golondrinas ribereñas (<em>Riparia riparia</em>). Fácilmente hay cien de ellas, o tal vez varias cientas.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-263 wp-block-paragraph">Inmediatamente tengo una hipótesis sobre lo que estoy viendo. Los polluelos de una colonia cercana de golondrinas ribereñas han echado plumas, pienso, y la profusión de aves jóvenes ha dejado el barranco de tierra donde pasaron las primeras tres o cuatro semanas de su vida. Mientras forrajean y se preparan para la migración otoñal, el humedal es un lugar de refugio donde pueden pasar la noche.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Golondrinas y chotacabras</h3>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-264 wp-block-paragraph">El cielo antes del alba tiene matices de gris y rosa por el humo del Incendio de Horse Gulch. Hace unos días que el incendio brotó en las montañas al este; ya ha crecido hasta más de 3000 hectáreas. De repente, a las 5:27 am, la bandada de golondrinas ribereñas sale del humedal sin aviso. Un remolino de golondrinas ruidosas da vueltas sobre mi kayak por un instante. Apenas logro sacar una foto y estimar que hay por lo menos 250 de ellas. Y entonces se van esparciendo sobre el lago.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/BANS1-1024x768.jpg" alt="The bank swallow flock in flight." class="wp-image-4371" style="object-fit:cover" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/BANS1-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/BANS1-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/BANS1-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/BANS1.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">La bandada de golondrinas ribereñas en vuelo.</figcaption></figure>
</div>

<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="795" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/coni-1024x795.jpg" alt="Common nighthawk in flight." class="wp-image-4372" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/coni-1024x795.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/coni-300x233.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/coni-768x596.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/coni-1536x1192.jpg 1536w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/coni.jpg 1800w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Un chotacabras zumbón en vuelo.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-265 wp-block-paragraph">Mientras sigo adelante, andando despacio por el borde del humedal, pienso en todas las historias de las aves y de los otros animales que utilizan este lugar a través del año. Me pregunto cuántas historias podría haber que ni siquiera me he imaginado. Pienso en una de la que aprendí recientemente. El 19 de junio de 2023, <a href="https://ebird.org/checklist/S142140239" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Logan Kahle estuvo por el Lago Helena al atardecer</a> cuando observó una increíble concentración de chotacabras zumbones (<em>Chordeiles minor</em>)—680 de ellos—volando sobre el agua, presuntamente forrajeando.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-266 wp-block-paragraph">“Esto fue una estimación mínima, hecha en una sola vista, contándolos de veinte en veinte,” escribió. “He visto varios espectáculos increíbles de los chotacabras zumbones sobre embalses en la Gran Cuenca, pero puede que esto fue lo más increíble.”</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Saltaparedes pantaneros y picopandos canelos</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="889" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/mawr-1024x889.jpg" alt="Begging juvenile marsh wrens." class="wp-image-4373" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/mawr-1024x889.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/mawr-300x261.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/mawr-768x667.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/mawr.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Dos saltaparedes pantaneros juveniles mendigan.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-267 wp-block-paragraph">Me imagino que Logan no tenía ninguna idea de que fuera a ver un grupo tan enorme de chotacabras sobre el lago aquel atardecer. Ni tampoco salí yo esta mañana con ninguna sospecha de que hubiera cientas de golondrinas posándose en el humedal. A menudo, los momentos más alucinantes en la naturaleza simplemente llegan, inesperados. </p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8202-1024x768.jpg" alt="Marbled godwits take a drink at the delta." class="wp-image-4382" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8202-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8202-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8202-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8202.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Los picopandos canelos beben por el delta.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-268 wp-block-paragraph">Mientras el sol sale bañado en humo, anaranjado sobre las montañas, observo un grupo de tres saltaparedes pantaneros juveniles que están mendigando con llamadas agudas desde el borde del humedal. Todavía tienen penachos de plumas suaves en la cabeza, dejando la impresión de que recién se levantaron y no se peinaron. Uno de sus padres está trabajando duro para atiborrarlos con insectos, cazando invertebrados atentamente sobre el barro al borde de este bosque de tules.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-269 wp-block-paragraph">Por el delta del Arroyo Prickly Pear, la verbena (<em>Verbena hastata</em>) está floreciendo, espigas de púrpura real contra el verde del humedal. Una bandada de picopandos canelos (<em>Limosa fedoa</em>) está volando cerca, llamando y dando vueltas a baja altura sobre el arenal. Finalmente aterrizan ahí, playeros del tamaño de una gaviota con picos anaranjados y ligeramente curvados hacia arriba. Meten los picos en el agua poco profunda e inclinan las cabezas hacia arriba, bebiendo.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Una mañana calurosa por el delta</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8190-1024x768.jpg" alt="A killdeer perches at the edge of a mudflat." class="wp-image-4381" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8190-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8190-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8190-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8190.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A killdeer perches at the edge of a mudflat.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-270 wp-block-paragraph">El sol de la mañana ya se ha puesto feroz, su intensidad aumentado por el reflejo del agua. La mayoría de los playeros que están por el delta hoy son especies que anidaron aquí: playeros alzacolita (<em>Actitis macularius</em>), chorlos tildío (<em>Charadrius vociferus</em>) y docenas de falaropos pico largo (<em>Phalaropus tricolor</em>). Una bandada impresionante de 70 avocetas americanas (<em>Recurvirostra americana</em>) vuela por encima pero no aterriza.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-271 wp-block-paragraph">Lo que se considera &#8220;el verano&#8221; sólo empezó hace unas semanas en el calendario humano. Los playeros de mayo <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2024/07/01/playeros-lago-helena/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">que usaron estos arenales en su migración hacia el norte</a> aún son una memoria reciente, pero el mosaico ya está cambiando. Los picopandos canelos—playeros que anidan en Montana pero no este valle urbanizado, hasta donde sé—son una de las primeras pistas que la migración otoñal de los playeros ya está comenzando. Pero no son la única pista.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">La migración otoñal de los playeros</h3>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-272 wp-block-paragraph">Mientras la mañana se pone más calurosa y el rugido del tráfico hace eco por el valle, intercalado con los sonidos de los tordos sargentos y unas especies más, veo que el agua poco profunda del delta está llena de playeros que están forrajeando. Aquí, al lado de una gran bandada de falaropos pico largo, cuento nueve costureros pico largo (<em>Limnodromus scolopaceus</em>) y cuatro playeros occidentales (<em>Calidris mauri</em>).</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="839" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8269-1024x839.jpg" alt="Long-billed dowitchers forage in the shallows, with a Wilson's phalarope in the background." class="wp-image-4379" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8269-1024x839.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8269-300x246.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8269-768x629.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8269.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Los costureros pico largo forrajean en el bajío con un falaropo pico largo en el fondo. </figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-273 wp-block-paragraph">Respecto a estas dos especies, no hay ninguna duda de que ya están migrando hacia el sur. Las dos anidan aproximadamente 3500 kilómetros al noroeste, donde la tundra húmeda del Ártico limita con el Océano Ártico. Después de una temporada reproductiva condensada, los adultos ya han empezado su migración otoñal. Los juveniles esperarán hasta más tarde—típicamente por otro mes o más—antes de volar hacia el sur también. De alguna manera van a navegar a través del continente hacia sus tierras invernales sin ninguna ayuda de sus padres. Algunos playeros occidentales seguirán en la migración hasta llegar a la costa del Perú y allá pasar el invierno.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="755" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8239-1024x755.jpg" alt="Western sandpipers forage with a Wilson's phalarope in the foreground." class="wp-image-4380" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8239-1024x755.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8239-300x221.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8239-768x566.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8239.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Unos playeros occidentales forrajean en el bajío, con un falaropo pico largo en primer plano.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Prestando atención a las moscas</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="768" height="1024" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Sparganium-768x1024.jpg" alt="The marsh of bur-reed." class="wp-image-4378" style="width:400px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Sparganium-768x1024.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Sparganium-225x300.jpg 225w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Sparganium-1152x1536.jpg 1152w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Sparganium.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">The marsh of bur-reed.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-274 wp-block-paragraph">Ya he pasado por el delta con sus playeros y el grupo usual de pelícanos blancos americanos (<em>Pelecanus erythrorhynchos</em>). Ahora decido darme tiempo para pausar y notar un poco más de la vida de este lugar. Me doy cuenta de algunas moscas que están zumbando a lo largo de una franja de sauces (<em>Salix exigua</em>) que forma la divisoria entre el lago y una parte del humedal mientras grabo a un rascón cara gris (<em>Rallus limicola</em>). El rascón está dando llamadas cortas e interrumpidas desde el humedal. No tengo ni idea cuáles moscas serían éstas, entre la diversidad increíble de moscas en el mundo. Tampoco trato de capturarlas para observarlas mejor.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-275 wp-block-paragraph">Este parche del humedal está dominado por <em>Sparganium</em>, una planta relacionada al tule. Se parece a una extensión de lanzas verdes puntadas hacia el cielo, y sobre las flores del <em>Sparganium</em> noto algunas otras moscas. Éstas son de color bronce con llamativas franjas amarillas en el abdomen, lo que me sugiere que sean una especie de sírfido (moscas de la familia Syrphidae). Se echan a volar antes de que pueda tomar una foto. Pero ya me he dado cuenta de que sólo están aterrizando en las bolas pequeñas y amarillas de las flores masculinas, las cuales están arriba de las bolas más grandes y blancas de las flores femeninas. Sospecho que los sírfidos están alimentándose de polen.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Barrizales en miniatura</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="815" height="1024" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8294-815x1024.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-4375" style="width:400px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8294-815x1024.jpg 815w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8294-239x300.jpg 239w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8294-768x965.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8294.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 815px) 100vw, 815px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Una mariposa virrey se percha en la verbena.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-276 wp-block-paragraph">Ya está haciendo bastante calor y casi estoy listo para volver. Pero primero remo adelante un poquito más y me detengo para tomar fotos de la verbena. Está floreciendo en abundancia aquí al límite entre el lago y el humedal, así como estaba floreciendo también por el delta. Una mariposa virrey (<em>Limenitis archippus</em>), un insecto hermoso que se parece a la mariposa monarca, está perchada en un tallo de verbena. Sus larvas probablemente se alimentaron de los sauces nativos cercanos.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-277 wp-block-paragraph">Una segunda mariposa virrey aterriza sobre un barrizal en miniatura cerca de la verbena, flexionando sus alas. Este barrizal pequeño tiene moscas, también, pero no son el tipo que zumban por mi micrófono para añadir sus voces a la grabación de un rascón cara gris. Éstas son más pequeñas y delicadas. Brillan en la luz del sol con tonalidades de cobre y de verde metálico. Sospecho que son algún tipo de mosca de patas largas (la familia Dolichopodidae).</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-278 wp-block-paragraph">En un lugar especial en la naturaleza tal como el Lago Helena, el deleite de conocer sigue sin fin. Hoy ha sido una bandada enorme de golondrinas ribereñas posándose en el humedal antes del amanecer. Ha sido el caleidoscopio variable de los playeros que usan estos barrizales y arenales al lado de los masivos pelícanos blancos americanos. Y cuando me detuve para mirar más minuciosamente, vi algo similar en miniatura: una mariposa virrey posándose al lado de docenas de moscas de patas largas en un barrizal pequeño, como los insectos homólogos a los pelícanos y playeros.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="800" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8310-1024x800.jpg" alt="Suspected long-legged flies on a mini mudflat." class="wp-image-4376" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8310-1024x800.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8310-300x234.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8310-768x600.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8310.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Moscas, presuntamente de la familia Dolichopodidae, en un barrizal en miniatura.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="771" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8297-1024x771.jpg" alt="The viceroy on the mudflat." class="wp-image-4377" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8297-1024x771.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8297-300x226.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8297-768x579.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DSCN8297.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">La mariposa virrey en el barrizal.</figcaption></figure>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Viendo golondrinas ribereñas, imaginando avetoros</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/29Jun_LakeHelena5-1024x768.jpg" alt="Habitat for bitterns? The cattail marsh before sunrise." class="wp-image-4374" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/29Jun_LakeHelena5-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/29Jun_LakeHelena5-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/29Jun_LakeHelena5-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/29Jun_LakeHelena5-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/29Jun_LakeHelena5-2048x1536.jpg 2048w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">¿Un hábitat para avetoros? El humedal de tules por el Lago Helena antes del amanecer.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-279 wp-block-paragraph">Me voy sintiéndome agradecido por este hábitat que mantiene a tantos seres vivos, desde moscas de patas largas y el <em>Sparganium</em> hasta golondrinas ribereñas y—de vez en cuando—una concentración increíble de chotacabras zumbones forrajeando sobre el lago. Me pregunto qué el Lago Helena me va a enseñar la próxima vez. Y sigo imaginando avetoros norteños en el humedal. A lo mejor, si vuelvo una noche al comienzo del verano que viene, más temprano en la estación reproductiva, voy a encontrarlos cantando aquí.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-280 wp-block-paragraph"><em>En Montana, la organización Montana Audubon coordina el programa de Áreas Importantes para las Aves, que incluye al Área Importante para Aves del Lago Helena. Para leer más sobre este programa y las otras iniciativas de Montana Audubon por la ciencia ciudadana y la conservación, ve a </em><a href="http://mtaudubon.org/"><em>mtaudubon.org</em></a><em>. Y si visitas al Lago Helena, ¡considera </em><a href="https://ebird.org/region/US-MT"><em>contribuyendo tus observaciones al proyecto eBird</em></a><em> para añadir a nuestro conocimiento colectivo de este lugar!</em></p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-281">Leer más</h3>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-282 wp-block-paragraph">Billerman, S.M., Keeney, B.K., Rodewald, P.G. &amp; Schulenberg, T.S. (editores). (2022). Birds of the World. Ithaca, NY: Cornell Lab of Ornithology. <a href="https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/home" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/home</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-283 wp-block-paragraph">Marks, J.S., Hendricks, P., &amp; Casey, D. (2016). <em>Birds of Montana</em>. Arrington, VA: Buteo Books. </p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-284 wp-block-paragraph">Wilson, H. (2012, 5 de ago). Shorebird migration. <em>Maine Birds</em>. Recuperado de <a href="https://web.colby.edu/mainebirds/2012/10/21/shorebird-migration/">https://web.colby.edu/mainebirds/2012/10/21/shorebird-migration/</a></p>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="797" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/coni2-1024x797.jpg" alt="Common nighthawks forage over Lake Helena against a smoky July sunrise." class="wp-image-4402" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/coni2-1024x797.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/coni2-300x234.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/coni2-768x598.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/coni2.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Chotacabras zumbones forrajean sobre el Lago Helena contra un amanecer teñido por humo en julio de 2024.</figcaption></figure>
<p>The post <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2024/08/01/avetoros-golondrinas-riberenas/">De avetoros y golondrinas ribereñas: el verano por el Lago Helena</a> appeared first on <a href="https://wildwithnature.com">Wild With Nature</a>.</p>
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		<title>How to grow a bird-friendly garden in western Montana</title>
		<link>https://wildwithnature.com/2023/03/24/montana-native-plants-for-birds/</link>
					<comments>https://wildwithnature.com/2023/03/24/montana-native-plants-for-birds/#comments</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Shane Sater]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 24 Mar 2023 18:30:15 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Birds]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[English-language stories]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Plants]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Acanthis flammea]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Alberta beardtongue]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Alnus incana]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Amelanchier alnifolia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[American plum]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Aquilegia flavescens]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Artemisia cana]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Artemisia frigida]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Artemisia ludoviciana]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Artemisia tridentata]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[beebalm]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Betula occidentalis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[big sagebrush]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[black cottonwood]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[blue elderberry]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Bombycilla cedrorum]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Bombycilla garrulus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[bristly gooseberry]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Canada goldenrod]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Cardellina pusilla]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[chokecherry]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[common juniper]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[common snowberry]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[common sunflower]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Cornus sericea]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Fragaria vesca]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Fragaria virginiana]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[fringed sage]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[fuzzy-tongue penstemon]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[gardening]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Geothlypis trichas]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[giant goldenrod]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[golden currant]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[habitat]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Helianthus annuus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Helianthus maximiliani]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Helianthus nuttallii]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[horizontal juniper]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Icterus bullockii]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[insect diversity]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ipomopsis aggregata]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Juniperus horizontalis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Juniperus scopulorum]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Lonicera ciliosa]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Lupinus argenteus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Lupinus sericeus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Maximilian sunflower]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Missouri goldenrod]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Monarda fistulosa]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Myadestes townsendi]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Nootka rose]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Nucifraga columbiana]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Nuttall&#039;s sunflower]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[orange honeysuckle]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Penstemon albertinus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Penstemon eriantherus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Pinus flexilis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Pinus ponderosa]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[plains cottonwood]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Poecile atricapillus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ponderosa pine]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Populus balsamifera]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Populus deltoides]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[Prunus virginiana]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[quaking aspen]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[red-osier dogwood]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ribes setosum]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Rocky Mountain juniper]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Rosa nutkana]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Rosa woodsii]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Salix exigua]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Salix scouleriana]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sambucus cerulea]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[sandbar willow]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[scarlet gilia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Scouler&#039;s willow]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[serviceberry]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Setophaga coronata]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Setophaga petechia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Setophaga ruticilla]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Shepherdia argentea]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sialia mexicana]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[silky lupine]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[silver buffaloberry]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[silver sagebrush]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[silvery lupine]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[small-flower beardtongue]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Solidago canadensis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Solidago gigantea]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Solidago missouriensis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sorbus scopulina]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Spinus tristis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Symphoricarpos albus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Symphoricarpos occidentalis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Turdus migratorius]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[western mountain-ash]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[western snowberry]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[western tanager]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[white sagebrush]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[wild strawberry]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Wood&#039;s rose]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[yellow columbine]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Zonotrichia leucophrys]]></category>
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					<description><![CDATA[<p>When you compare the birds of a manicured lawn with those that inhabit a grove of chokecherries, the difference is stark. The lawn might support [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2023/03/24/montana-native-plants-for-birds/">How to grow a bird-friendly garden in western Montana</a> appeared first on <a href="https://wildwithnature.com">Wild With Nature</a>.</p>
]]></description>
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<figure class="wp-block-image size-full is-resized"><a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2023/03/24/montana-plantas-nativas-para-aves/"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="706" height="181" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-en-2.jpg" alt="Bilingual nature podcast" class="wp-image-3486" style="width:auto;height:100px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-en-2.jpg 706w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-en-2-300x77.jpg 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 706px) 100vw, 706px" /></a></figure>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><iframe style="border-radius:12px" src="https://open.spotify.com/embed/episode/72zazh2hHu9nqy7snFYA6T?utm_source=generator&amp;t=0" width="100%" height="152" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="" allow="autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; fullscreen; picture-in-picture" loading="lazy"></iframe></p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="870" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70973801-1024x870.jpg" alt="A juvenile cedar waxwing eating a chokecherry." class="wp-image-2104" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70973801-1024x870.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70973801-300x255.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70973801-768x653.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70973801.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A juvenile cedar waxwing eating a chokecherry.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">When you compare the birds of a manicured lawn with those that inhabit a grove of chokecherries, the difference is stark. The lawn might support a few starlings and robins. Perhaps, late in spring migration, a handful of desperate Swainson’s thrushes might stop by. The chokecherries, on the other hand, support an intricate community of life, from two-tailed swallowtail butterflies to dozens of species of songbirds. When the fruits ripen in late summer to a deep, juicy black, they attract cedar waxwings, Townsend’s solitaires, western tanagers, American robins, and house finches. Meanwhile, throughout the growing season, the foliage supports a diversity of insects &#8211; and the birds that eat them. Flitting among the leaves, you can find Wilson’s warblers, ruby-crowned kinglets, yellow-rumped warblers, and warbling vireos.&nbsp;</p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="872" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70017851-1024x872.jpg" alt="A migrating Wilson's warbler in a chokecherry." class="wp-image-2105" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70017851-1024x872.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70017851-300x256.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70017851-768x654.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70017851.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A migrating Wilson&#8217;s warbler in a chokecherry.</figcaption></figure>
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<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">When we consider the diversity of life around us, it’s easy to see a lot of bad news these days. We’ve lost <a href="https://www.birds.cornell.edu/home/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/DECLINE-OF-NORTH-AMERICAN-AVIFAUNA-SCIENCE-2019.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">2.9 billion breeding birds</a> in North America over the last 50 years. Scientists have reported <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0006320718313636" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">steep declines of once-common insects</a>. But by making a few simple decisions about what we plant in our gardens, we can be part of reversing these trends. In our yards, parks, and neighborhoods, we can provide homes for the birds, bees, and caterpillars. But doing this isn&#8217;t just about avoiding extinctions &#8211; it&#8217;s also a lot of fun.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">This article is focused on plants for bird-friendly gardens in the western half of Montana, USA. If you live elsewhere, the specific plants will be different, but the general recommendations will be the same.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color">Getting started: habitat for birds</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="795" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/59362931-1024x795.jpg" alt="An American robin taking a bath." class="wp-image-2107" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/59362931-1024x795.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/59362931-300x233.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/59362931-768x596.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/59362931.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">An American robin taking a bath.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Every species of bird is unique in its life story. The habitats it uses, the foods it eats, where it nests, whether it migrates &#8211; all of this varies. Nevertheless, all birds need food, shelter, water, and safety from predators. Plants provide excellent food and shelter &#8211; especially particular species of plants that are native to the local landscape. But before we get into the specifics of these plants, let’s consider water and predators.&nbsp;</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Some birds, such as American kestrels, can get most or all of the moisture they need from their food. Otherwise, birds need to drink water. Including a source of water in your garden, such as a regularly cleaned bird bath or a backyard wetland, can attract birds to drink or bathe.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Watch out for predators</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="807" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220523_002444234-1024x807.jpg" alt="An &quot;Acopian bird saver&quot; bird-friendly window in Ruth Swenson's Helena, MT garden." class="wp-image-2150" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220523_002444234-1024x807.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220523_002444234-300x237.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220523_002444234-768x605.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220523_002444234.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">An &#8220;Acopian bird saver&#8221; bird-friendly window in Ruth Swenson&#8217;s Helena, MT garden.</figcaption></figure>
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<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">What about predators in our yards? Outdoor cats are incredibly deadly for neighborhood songbirds. In the United States alone, cats kill <a href="https://abcbirds.org/news/outdoor-cats-single-greatest-source-of-human-caused-mortality-for-birds-and-mammals-says-new-study/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">well over a billion birds a year</a>. This number is so large that it’s almost unimaginable. But there are <em>a lot</em> of outdoor cats in the United States: around 50 million pets, in addition to as many as 100 million feral cats. Managing outdoor cats, <a href="https://www.allaboutbirds.org/news/faq-outdoor-cats-and-their-effects-on-birds/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">especially feral ones</a>, can be a contentious topic. But keeping your own cats indoors is a relatively easy step to take. By doing so, you&#8217;ll help ensure that your bird-friendly garden doesn&#8217;t become a death trap for songbirds.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Windows may not be predators, but they&#8217;re another deadly neighborhood hazard for songbirds. In the United States, they’re estimated to kill <a href="https://bioone.org/journals/the-condor/volume-116/issue-1/CONDOR-13-090.1/Birdbuilding-collisions-in-the-United-States--Estimates-of-annual/10.1650/CONDOR-13-090.1.full" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">over 350 million birds a year</a>. <a href="https://www.allaboutbirds.org/news/why-birds-hit-windows-and-how-you-can-help-prevent-it/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">An article by the Cornell Lab of Ornithology</a> gives an overview of this issue and discusses several solutions. Of these, <a href="https://www.birdsavers.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Acopian Bird Savers</a> are probably one of the most elegant. This is an unobtrusive, low-tech design that consists of vertical rows of cords, spaced four inches apart, that hang from the outside of the window. You can make your own out of parachute cord or bamboo, or you can order them online.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Including different habitat features</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="789" height="1024" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/69595041-789x1024.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-2108" style="width:400px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/69595041-789x1024.jpg 789w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/69595041-231x300.jpg 231w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/69595041-768x997.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/69595041-1183x1536.jpg 1183w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/69595041.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 789px) 100vw, 789px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Clark&#8217;s nutcrackers are common birds in and around conifer forest, but are generally rare away from this habitat.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Broadly speaking, all birds are associated with one or more of three general habitats: forest, prairie, or wetland. What habitats make up the larger landscape surrounding you? The answer to this question will shape the possibilities for your bird-friendly garden.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Is your home in the middle of a Douglas-fir forest, or is it in a valley-bottom subdivision? Clark&#8217;s nutcrackers probably won&#8217;t visit your garden unless you have patches of conifers close to you. Similarly, you probably won’t attract marsh wrens or Wilson’s snipes to your yard unless you live very close to a wetland. Meanwhile, many prairie birds need relatively large patches of grasses and herbs. So unless this describes the area around your house, you probably won’t have grasshopper sparrows or western meadowlarks in your yard. Many birds of thickets and forest edges, on the other hand, will readily use yards during migration or the breeding season. And, of course, there are a variety of birds that use more than one of these habitats.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">In general, in order to make your yard more inviting for birds, it’s worth considering components of all three habitats: forest, prairie, and wetland. A small water feature probably won’t attract Wilson’s snipes &#8211; but, once again, a bit of water in the yard will allow birds to drink and bathe. A prairie patch the size of a front yard is unlikely to bring in grasshopper sparrows, but it will offer important seeds and insects for thicket-edge birds such as chipping sparrows. And patches of native shrubs or trees, such as chokecherries, provide food and cover for a wide diversity of migrating and nesting songbirds.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color">Why native plants?</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="863" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/85451811-1024x863.jpg" alt="A bohemian waxwing feeds on fruits of Russian-olive, an invasive tree." class="wp-image-2109" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/85451811-1024x863.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/85451811-300x253.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/85451811-768x647.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/85451811.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A bohemian waxwing feeding on the fruits of Russian-olive, an invasive tree.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">You’ve probably noticed that I keep mentioning <strong>native</strong> plants for birds. <em>Why does this matter?</em> you might be wondering. Perhaps you’ve noticed that robins and Bohemian waxwings often eat the fruits of Russian-olive (<em>Elaeagnus angustifolia</em>), a frequently-planted invasive that escapes from cultivation to compete with the cottonwoods and willows along our waterways. Or you might have noticed a house finch or pileated woodpecker pecking at an apple, another non-native fruit.&nbsp;</p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="963" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/240159601-1024x963.jpg" alt="A western bluebird feeding on an adult moth. Insects - especially the larvae of butterflies and moths - are critical foods for most of our songbirds." class="wp-image-2110" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/240159601-1024x963.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/240159601-300x282.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/240159601-768x722.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/240159601.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A western bluebird feeding on an adult moth. Insects &#8211; especially the larvae of butterflies and moths &#8211; are critical foods for most of our songbirds.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Yes, there <em>are</em> non-native plants that certain birds will use. But, all things considered, native plants are far superior for our birds. Why? It comes down to food &#8211; and, specifically, insects. Doug Tallamy, a researcher who has spent decades studying birds and insects, writes that 96% of North American land birds rely heavily on insects during the breeding season. Soft, juicy caterpillars are especially important. And whereas native plants have coevolved with native insects, non-native plants are comparative deserts for insect diversity. </p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">A non-native plant like Russian-olive may still provide fruits that feed a few species. But in comparison with a chokecherry or another native plant, it’s much less useful for most of our birds. If you want to attract an abundance of birds to your yard, then native plants are the way to go.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph"><em>Okay, which plants should I plant for the birds?</em> you’re probably asking. Here are some recommendations for western Montana, organized by the foods they provide.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color">Native plants for insects</h3>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">What sorts of native plants provide our birds with the most insects? In order to give region-specific recommendations, Doug Tallamy and Kimberley Shropshire teamed up with the National Wildlife Federation to create <a href="https://www.nwf.org/NativePlantFinder/Plants" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">an interactive website, searchable by zip code</a>. For each zip code, this tool predicts the number of caterpillar species that different native plants will support. And in North America, it turns out, wherever you are, just a handful of native plants support most of the caterpillars.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="821" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/241778961-1024x821.jpg" alt="A western tanager in a native diamond willow (Salix eriocephala)." class="wp-image-2111" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/241778961-1024x821.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/241778961-300x241.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/241778961-768x616.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/241778961.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A western tanager in a native diamond willow (Salix eriocephala).</figcaption></figure>
</div>

<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/163104721-1024x768.jpg" alt="A yellow warbler singing from a chokecherry." class="wp-image-2112" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/163104721-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/163104721-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/163104721-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/163104721.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A yellow warbler singing from a chokecherry.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Around Helena, Montana, willows are at the top of the list. These shrubs host up to 309 species of caterpillars &#8211; juicy protein packets to feed our nesting birds. Many of our native willows grow in wetlands, but <strong>Scouler’s willow (<em>Salix scouleriana</em>)</strong> and <strong>sandbar willow (<em>Salix exigua</em>)</strong> are common species that often grow in somewhat drier areas. </p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Cottonwoods and aspens are also high on the list, hosting up to 245 butterflies and moths. Among the cottonwoods are <strong>black cottonwood (<em>Populus balsamifera</em>)</strong> and <strong>plains cottonwood (<em>Populus deltoides</em>)</strong> &#8211; but keep in mind that these trees are notorious for dropping branches. Meanwhile, <strong>quaking aspen (<em>Populus tremuloides</em>)</strong> forms thickets from underground rhizomes. For these reasons, cottonwoods and aspens are best-suited for larger yards.&nbsp;</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph"><strong>Chokecherry (<em>Prunus virginiana</em>)</strong> and <strong>American plum (<em>Prunus americana</em>)</strong> are thicket-forming shrubs that are excellent for bird habitat. (They support up to 227 species of caterpillars &#8211; and check out <a href="http://wildwithnature.com/2022/06/03/chokecherries-and-birds/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">this article</a> for an exploration of other miniature insects that live on chokecherries.) However, if you live in an area with a high risk of bear conflicts, keep in mind that chokecherries and plums can attract bears when the fruits get ripe in the fall.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Birches, alders, and pines</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="802" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/237377911-1024x802.jpg" alt="A common yellowthroat in a thinleaf alder." class="wp-image-2113" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/237377911-1024x802.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/237377911-300x235.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/237377911-768x602.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/237377911.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A common yellowthroat in a thinleaf alder.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Our native birches host 211 species of caterpillars. <strong>Water birch (<em>Betula occidentalis</em>)</strong> is a small tree that often grows along streams; <strong>paper birch (<em>Betula papyrifera</em>) </strong>gets much larger. And birches do more than just provide lots of insects. Their trunks (like those of cottonwoods and aspens) also make popular homes for cavity-nesting birds like black-capped chickadees and house wrens. (If you don’t want to wait for your trees to grow, the Cornell Lab of Ornithology also provides <a href="https://nestwatch.org/learn/all-about-birdhouses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">thorough instructions for nest box construction</a>.) The related <strong>thinleaf alder (<em>Alnus incana</em>)</strong> is a large shrub or small tree that hosts 196 species of butterflies and moths.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="794" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/73020331-1024x794.jpg" alt="Red crossbills feeding on ponderosa pine cones." class="wp-image-2164" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/73020331-1024x794.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/73020331-300x233.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/73020331-768x595.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/73020331.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Red crossbills feeding on ponderosa pine cones.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Among the conifers, pines (<em>Pinus</em> spp.) are important for caterpillars, supporting up to 188 species. Around Helena, <strong>ponderosa pine (<em>Pinus ponderosa</em>)</strong> and<strong> limber pine (<em>Pinus flexilis</em>)</strong> are good options. However, keep in mind that they grow to be rather large trees. Also, depending on your surroundings, you might not want to plant them near your house due to fire risk.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Goldenrods, strawberries, and more</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="853" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/21_Solidago-gigantea15-1024x853.jpg" alt="A noctuid moth (Euxoa sp.) visiting giant goldenrod flowers." class="wp-image-2114" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/21_Solidago-gigantea15-1024x853.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/21_Solidago-gigantea15-300x250.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/21_Solidago-gigantea15-768x640.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/21_Solidago-gigantea15.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A noctuid moth (Euxoa sp.) visiting giant goldenrod flowers.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">What about herbaceous plants? For caterpillars, goldenrod is at the top of the list, hosting 65 species. Common goldenrods in Montana include <strong>giant goldenrod (<em>Solidago gigantea</em>)</strong>, <strong>Canada goldenrod (<em>Solidago canadensis</em>)</strong>, and <strong>Missouri goldenrod (<em>Solidago missouriensis</em>)</strong>. These plants are commonly blamed for late-summer allergies, but <a href="https://fmr.org/updates/conservation/goldenrod-or-ragweed-which-causes-allergies-and-which-benefits-pollinators" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">this is a myth</a>: the culprits are typically ragweeds (<em>Ambrosia</em> spp.), which bloom around the same time. </p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="824" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/74861251-1024x824.jpg" alt="Many plants that provide insects also provide fruits or seeds. This common redpoll is foraging on a seedhead of big sagebrush, presumably eating the seeds." class="wp-image-2116" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/74861251-1024x824.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/74861251-300x242.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/74861251-768x618.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/74861251.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Many plants that provide insects also provide fruits or seeds. This common redpoll is foraging on a seedhead of big sagebrush, presumably eating the seeds.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Other herbs that support substantial numbers of butterflies and moths are native strawberries and sunflowers. Wild strawberries (<strong><em>Fragaria virginiana</em></strong> and <strong><em>Fragaria vesca</em></strong>) are low-growing; they may not compete well with taller, more vigorous plants. Sunflowers, on the other hand, are both tall and vigorous. In Montana, <strong>common sunflower (<em>Helianthus annuus</em>)</strong> is an abundant annual that often grows along roadsides. We also have two common perennial species, <strong>Nuttall’s sunflower (<em>Helianthus nuttallii</em>)</strong> and <strong>Maximilian sunflower (<em>Helianthus maximiliani</em>)</strong>.&nbsp;</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Lupines and sagebrushes are also worthy of mention, supporting up to 40 and 35 species of caterpillars, respectively. <strong>Silvery lupine (<em>Lupinus argenteus</em>)</strong> and <strong>silky lupine (<em>Lupinus sericeus</em></strong>) are a couple of Montana’s common lupines. Sagebrushes are very diverse in Montana and include shrubs such as <strong>big sagebrush (<em>Artemisia tridentata</em>)</strong> and <strong>silver sagebrush (<em>Artemisia cana</em>)</strong> as well as herbs such as <strong>fringed sage (<em>Artemisia frigida</em>)</strong> and <strong>white sagebrush (<em>Artemisia ludoviciana</em>)</strong>.&nbsp;</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color">Native plants for fruits</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70018061-1024x768.jpg" alt="A white-crowned sparrow eating red-osier dogwood fruits." class="wp-image-2117" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70018061-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70018061-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70018061-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70018061.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A white-crowned sparrow eating red-osier dogwood fruits.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">I’ve already mentioned chokecherry for the diversity of insects that it hosts. In addition to the insects, this shrub is also a phenomenal fall fruit resource for cedar waxwings, American robins, and many other birds. And besides chokecherry, there’s a wide selection of other native fruits that attract birds, from July onwards through the winter. Many of these plants also host a notable diversity of caterpillars (though they support fewer species of caterpillars than the shrubs and trees I’ve already mentioned).</p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="838" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/63690211-1024x838.jpg" alt="A cedar waxwing feeding on golden currant fruits." class="wp-image-2138" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/63690211-1024x838.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/63690211-300x246.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/63690211-768x628.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/63690211.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A cedar waxwing feeding on golden currant fruits.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph"><strong>Red-osier dogwood (<em>Cornus sericea</em>) </strong>offers clusters of small white fruits from mid-summer through fall. Gray catbirds and white-crowned sparrows are among the birds that feed on them. This medium-sized shrub also has brilliant red fall foliage. </p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">The native currants &#8211; such as <strong>golden currant (<em>Ribes aureum</em>)</strong> and <strong>bristly gooseberry (<em>Ribes setosum</em>)</strong> &#8211; are some of the earliest fruits to ripen in the summer. They provide a tasty snack for birds and people alike. <strong>Serviceberry (<em>Amelanchier alnifolia</em>)</strong> is another popular summer fruit for cedar waxwings, western tanagers, and thrushes.&nbsp;</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Elderberry, snowberry, and more</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200921_184528038-1024x768.jpg" alt="Silver buffaloberry (Shepherdia argentea)." class="wp-image-2157" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200921_184528038-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200921_184528038-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200921_184528038-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200921_184528038.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Silver buffaloberry (Shepherdia argentea).</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph"><strong>Blue elderberry (<em>Sambucus cerulea</em>)</strong> ripens in the fall, as does <strong>western mountain-ash (<em>Sorbus scopulina</em>)</strong>. The snowberries &#8211; <strong>common snowberry (<em>Symphoricarpos albus</em>)</strong> and <strong>western snowberry (<em>Symphoricarpos occidentalis</em>)</strong> &#8211; also ripen in the fall, but their fruits stick around through the winter. So do the wild roses, such as <strong>Woods’ rose (<em>Rosa woodsii</em>)</strong> and <strong>Nootka rose (<em>Rosa nutkana</em>)</strong>. <strong>Silver buffaloberry (<em>Shepherdia argentea</em>)</strong> is a great fall fruit that sometimes remains through mid-winter. Note that this is a large, thorny bush, though, and separate male and female plants are needed for pollination.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="769" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/69356431-1024x769.jpg" alt="A Townsend's solitaire feeding on Rocky Mountain juniper fruits." class="wp-image-2118" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/69356431-1024x769.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/69356431-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/69356431-768x577.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/69356431.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A Townsend&#8217;s solitaire feeding on Rocky Mountain juniper fruits.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph"><strong>Rocky Mountain juniper (</strong><strong><em>Juniperus scopulorum</em></strong><strong>) </strong>is a tall shrub that provides winter “berries” (actually fleshy cones) for Bohemian waxwings, Townsend’s solitaires, and American robins. Keep in mind that juniper, like silver buffaloberry, has separate male and female plants, so you’ll need both in your general area for pollination to occur. Juniper is also highly flammable &#8211; so it’s probably not a good idea to plant it in areas with high fire risk. Montana also has two lower-growing juniper species that provide options for smaller spaces: <strong>horizontal juniper (</strong><strong><em>Juniperus horizontalis</em></strong><strong>)</strong> and <strong>common juniper (</strong><strong><em>Juniperus communis</em></strong><strong>)</strong>.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color">Native plants for seeds</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="824" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/384210431-1024x824.jpg" alt="An American goldfinch feeding on late-fall seeds of common sunflower." class="wp-image-2119" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/384210431-1024x824.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/384210431-300x242.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/384210431-768x618.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/384210431.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">An American goldfinch feeding on late-fall seeds of common sunflower.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Many birds &#8211; such as American goldfinches, American tree sparrows, and pine siskins &#8211; commonly feed on seeds. In the case of sparrows, it’s often hard to see exactly what they’re eating, since they feed on the ground. Nevertheless, a few seed-bearing plants are especially noteworthy for the birds they attract. Montana’s native sunflowers &#8211; the annual <strong>common sunflower</strong> and the perennial<strong> Nuttall’s </strong>and <strong>Maximilian sunflowers </strong>&#8211; reliably attract goldfinches and pine siskins when their seeds ripen in the fall. Our pines, such as <strong>ponderosa</strong> and <strong>limber pine</strong>, feed nomadic groups of conifer-seed specialists such as red crossbills and Clark’s nutcrackers. <strong>Thinleaf alder, water birch,</strong> and <strong>paper birch</strong> provide winter seeds that often attract common redpolls and pine siskins.&nbsp;And many other native plants, from asters to grasses, also produce seeds that various finches and sparrows may use.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color">Native plants for nectar</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220608_233105315-1024x768.jpg" alt="Fuzzy-tongue penstemon." class="wp-image-2120" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220608_233105315-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220608_233105315-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220608_233105315-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220608_233105315.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Fuzzy-tongue penstemon.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">What about hummingbirds? These tiny, beloved hoverers often catch tiny insects &#8211; so providing habitat for insects is important to them, too. In addition, they’re well-known for their nectar-feeding habits. A variety of native plants with long, tubular flowers are popular hummingbird plants. These include <strong>orange honeysuckle (<em>Lonicera ciliosa</em>)</strong>, <strong>yellow columbine (<em>Aquilegia flavescens</em>)</strong>, <strong>scarlet gilia (<em>Ipomopsis aggregata</em>)</strong>, <strong>beebalm (<em>Monarda fistulosa</em>)</strong>, and the penstemons. Among western Montana&#8217;s common penstemons are <strong>Alberta beardtongue (<em>Penstemon albertinus</em>)</strong>, <strong>fuzzy-tongue penstemon (<em>Penstemon eriantherus</em>)</strong>, and <strong>small-flower beardtongue (<em>Penstemon procerus</em>)</strong>.&nbsp;In addition, some of the plants I&#8217;ve already mentioned for insects or fruits &#8211; such as golden currant &#8211; are popular nectar sources for hummingbirds.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color">Obtaining plants</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/252690541-1024x768.jpg" alt="A black-capped chickadee foraging for insects on serviceberry." class="wp-image-2121" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/252690541-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/252690541-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/252690541-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/252690541-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/252690541-2048x1536.jpg 2048w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A black-capped chickadee foraging for insects on serviceberry.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Where can you find these plants? Some local nurseries, such as <a href="https://www.gardenwerks.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">GardenWerks</a> in Helena, carry a limited selection of native plants. In addition, I was able to find three retail nurseries in western and central Montana that offer a wide selection of natives:&nbsp;</p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li><strong>Blake Nursery</strong>, Big Timber, MT: <a href="https://www.blakenursery.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.blakenursery.com/</a></li>



<li><strong>Center for Native Plants</strong>, Whitefish, MT: <a href="https://centerfornativeplants.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://centerfornativeplants.com/</a></li>



<li><strong>Pipilo Native Plants</strong>, Charlo, MT: <a href="https://www.pipilonatives.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.pipilonatives.com/</a></li>
</ul>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">(A fourth nursery, Southwest Montana Native Landscapes, has unfortunately closed, though it still shows up on a Google search.)</p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="777" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/59362881-1024x777.jpg" alt="A Bullock's oriole in a black cottonwood." class="wp-image-2122" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/59362881-1024x777.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/59362881-300x228.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/59362881-768x582.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/59362881.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A Bullock&#8217;s oriole in a black cottonwood.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">To find out more, I contacted these nurseries and asked them which plants they stock, of those I list in this article. <a href="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Native-plants-for-birds.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Find their responses here</a>.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">In addition to these retail nurseries, there are a few other commercial sources of native plants in western Montana. For larger projects, the <a href="https://dnrc.mt.gov/Forestry/Conservation-Nursery/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Montana Conservation Seedling Nursery</a> and <a href="https://www.greatbearnativeplants.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Great Bear Native Plants</a> accept wholesale orders. And if you want to start your own plants, <a href="https://nativeideals.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Native Ideals</a> sells locally grown seeds for a variety of Montana species. </p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200926_181848814-1024x768.jpg" alt="American plum." class="wp-image-2160" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200926_181848814-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200926_181848814-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200926_181848814-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200926_181848814.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">American plum.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Note that certain nurseries that don&#8217;t specialize in native plants may “stretch” the concept of &#8220;native&#8221; to include species that aren’t from Montana. For example, <em>Penstemon strictus</em> is sometimes sold as a native plant, but it grows in the wild in the southern Rocky Mountains and doesn’t reach Montana. When in doubt, look a plant up on the Montana Natural Heritage Program’s <a href="https://fieldguide.mt.gov/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Montana Field Guide</a> to learn about its status in the state, or check out the Biota of North America Program’s <a href="http://bonap.net/NAPA/Genus/Traditional/County" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">county-level range maps</a>. These maps are organized by genus and show the distribution, by county, of all wild and naturalized plants in the United States.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color">The bird-friendly garden</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="874" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/238615571-1024x874.jpg" alt="An American redstart in an aspen." class="wp-image-2123" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/238615571-1024x874.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/238615571-300x256.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/238615571-768x655.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/238615571.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">An American redstart in an aspen.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Is this a comprehensive list of all of the plants that are important for bird-friendly gardening in Montana? <em>No!</em> I’ve neglected to mention native maples (<em>Acer</em> spp.), raspberries (<em>Rubus </em>spp.), hawthorns (<em>Crataegus</em> spp.), and many others. </p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">When it comes to growing habitat for birds, there are always more plants you can add. But even if you do nothing more than add a patch of chokecherries and a handful of goldenrods to your yard, where previously there was just lawn, you&#8217;ll have made a good start. As the chokecherries leaf out in the spring, wait for the yellow-rumped warblers to appear, hunting insects. When the fruits ripen in the fall, look for the flocks of cedar waxwings and robins. And if you have the space in your yard to include all of the plants I&#8217;ve mentioned here, along with a water source&#8230; in a few years, your yard will be a paradise for birds. </p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph"><em>This story was produced with support from the <a href="https://goldcountrymg.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Gold Country Master Gardener Association</a>.</em></p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color">Further reading</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="869" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/158204741-1024x869.jpg" alt="A yellow-rumped warbler in a willow." class="wp-image-2126" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/158204741-1024x869.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/158204741-300x255.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/158204741-768x652.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/158204741.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A yellow-rumped warbler in a willow.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Acopian Bird Savers: prevent birds from flying into windows. Retrieved from <a href="https://www.birdsavers.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.birdsavers.com/</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">American Bird Conservancy. (2013, January 29). Outdoor cats: single greatest source of human-caused mortality for birds and mammals, says new study. Retrieved from <a href="https://abcbirds.org/news/outdoor-cats-single-greatest-source-of-human-caused-mortality-for-birds-and-mammals-says-new-study/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://abcbirds.org/news/outdoor-cats-single-greatest-source-of-human-caused-mortality-for-birds-and-mammals-says-new-study/</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Biota of North America Program. (2014). BONAP’s North American Plant Atlas (NAPA). Retrieved from <a href="http://bonap.net/NAPA/Genus/Traditional/County" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://bonap.net/NAPA/Genus/Traditional/County</a></p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200910_131503868-1024x768.jpg" alt="Wetland habitat: a beaver dam with common cattail (Typha latifolia) and sandbar willow." class="wp-image-2161" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200910_131503868-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200910_131503868-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200910_131503868-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200910_131503868.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Wetland habitat: a beaver dam with common cattail (Typha latifolia) and sandbar willow. This area is home to red-winged blackbirds, Wilson&#8217;s snipes, song sparrows, common yellowthroats, and more.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Center for Native Plants. (n.d.) Our most bird friendly species. Retrieved from <a href="https://centerfornativeplants.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/cnp_plantselection_birds-1.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://centerfornativeplants.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/cnp_plantselection_birds-1.pdf</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Cornell Lab of Ornithology. (2016, December 5). FAQ: Outdoor cats and their effects on birds. Retrieved from <a href="https://www.allaboutbirds.org/news/faq-outdoor-cats-and-their-effects-on-birds/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.allaboutbirds.org/news/faq-outdoor-cats-and-their-effects-on-birds/</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Cornell Lab of Ornithology. (2023). All about birdhouses. Retrieved from <a href="https://nestwatch.org/learn/all-about-birdhouses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://nestwatch.org/learn/all-about-birdhouses/</a></p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><a href="http://wildwithnature.com/2022/06/10/life-at-plant-speed/"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="722" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220608_235306800.MP_-1024x722.jpg" alt="Native grassland habitats can host extremely diverse plant communities. This rocky hilltop community includes cutleaf daisy (Erigeron compositus), Sandberg bluegrass (Poa secunda), white-margined phlox (Phlox albomarginata), and stemless goldenweed (Stenotus acaulis)." class="wp-image-2162" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220608_235306800.MP_-1024x722.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220608_235306800.MP_-300x212.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220608_235306800.MP_-768x541.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220608_235306800.MP_.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Native prairie habitats can host extremely diverse plant communities. <a href="http://wildwithnature.com/2022/06/10/life-at-plant-speed/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">This rocky hilltop community</a> includes cutleaf daisy (Erigeron compositus), Sandberg bluegrass (Poa secunda), white-margined phlox (Phlox albomarginata), and stemless goldenweed (Stenotus acaulis). Common grassland-nesting birds in western Montana include western meadowlarks and vesper sparrows. A yard-sized patch of prairie probably won&#8217;t attract these birds unless you live within a larger patch of grassland &#8211; but chipping sparrows, goldfinches, and more will likely show up to feed on seeds and insects.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Cornell Lab of Ornithology. (2023, February 24). Why birds hit windows &#8211; and how you can help prevent it. Retrieved from <a href="https://www.allaboutbirds.org/news/why-birds-hit-windows-and-how-you-can-help-prevent-it/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.allaboutbirds.org/news/why-birds-hit-windows-and-how-you-can-help-prevent-it/</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Friends of the Mississippi River. (2022). Goldenrod or ragweed: which causes allergies and which benefits pollinators? Retrieved from <a href="https://fmr.org/updates/conservation/goldenrod-or-ragweed-which-causes-allergies-and-which-benefits-pollinators" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://fmr.org/updates/conservation/goldenrod-or-ragweed-which-causes-allergies-and-which-benefits-pollinators</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Loss, S.R., Will, T., Loss, S.S., &amp; Marra, P.P. (2014). Bird-building collisions in the United States: estimates of annual mortality and species vulnerability. <em>The Condor</em> 116(1):8-23. Retrieved from <a href="https://bioone.org/journals/the-condor/volume-116/issue-1/CONDOR-13-090.1/Birdbuilding-collisions-in-the-United-States--Estimates-of-annual/10.1650/CONDOR-13-090.1.full" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://bioone.org/journals/the-condor/volume-116/issue-1/CONDOR-13-090.1/Birdbuilding-collisions-in-the-United-States&#8211;Estimates-of-annual/10.1650/CONDOR-13-090.1.full</a></p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/S36769226_Riparian-1024x768.jpg" alt="Native shrub thickets such as this one host an incredible diversity of birds. This thicket includes red-osier dogwood, western snowberry, and thinleaf alder. Common summer birds here include yellow warblers, gray catbirds, cedar waxwings, and song sparrows." class="wp-image-2163" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/S36769226_Riparian-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/S36769226_Riparian-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/S36769226_Riparian-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/S36769226_Riparian.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Native shrub thickets such as this one host an incredible diversity of birds. This thicket includes red-osier dogwood, western snowberry, and thinleaf alder. Common summer birds here include yellow warblers, gray catbirds, cedar waxwings, and song sparrows.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Montana Natural Heritage Program. (n.d.). Montana Field Guide. Montana State Library. Retrieved from <a href="https://fieldguide.mt.gov/default.aspx" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://fieldguide.mt.gov/default.aspx</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Narango, D.L., Tallamy, D.W., &amp; Shropshire, K.J. (2020). Few keystone plant genera support the majority of Lepidoptera species. <em>Nature Communications</em> 11:5751. Retrieved from <a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/345818119_Few_keystone_plant_genera_support_the_majority_of_Lepidoptera_species" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.researchgate.net/publication/345818119_Few_keystone_plant_genera_support_the_majority_of_Lepidoptera_species</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">National Wildlife Federation. (2023). Native plants (by zip code). Retrieved from <a href="https://www.nwf.org/NativePlantFinder/Plants" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.nwf.org/NativePlantFinder/Plants</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Rosenberg, K.V., Dokter, A.M., Blancher, P.J., Sauer, J.R., Smith, A.C., Smith, P.A., … Marra, P.P. (2019). Decline of the North American avifauna. <em>Science </em>366:120-124. Retrieved from <a href="https://www.birds.cornell.edu/home/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/DECLINE-OF-NORTH-AMERICAN-AVIFAUNA-SCIENCE-2019.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.birds.cornell.edu/home/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/DECLINE-OF-NORTH-AMERICAN-AVIFAUNA-SCIENCE-2019.pdf</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Sánchez-Bayo, F. &amp; Wyckhuys, K.A.G. (2019). Worldwide decline of the entomofauna: a review of its drivers. <em>Biological Conservation</em> 232: 8-27. Retrieved from <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0006320718313636" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0006320718313636</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Smallwood, J.A. &amp; Bird, D.M. (2020). American kestrel (<em>Falco sparverius</em>), version 1.0. <em>In</em> Birds of the World (A.F. Poole &amp; F.B. Gill, editors). Ithaca, NY: Cornell Lab of Ornithology. Retrieved from <a href="https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/amekes/cur/introduction" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/amekes/cur/introduction</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Tallamy, D.W. (2019). <em>Nature’s best hope: a new approach to conservation that starts in your yard.</em> Portland, OR: Timber Press.</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2023/03/24/montana-native-plants-for-birds/">How to grow a bird-friendly garden in western Montana</a> appeared first on <a href="https://wildwithnature.com">Wild With Nature</a>.</p>
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			<slash:comments>9</slash:comments>
		
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>Cómo cultivar un jardín para las aves en el occidente de Montana</title>
		<link>https://wildwithnature.com/2023/03/24/montana-plantas-nativas-para-aves/</link>
					<comments>https://wildwithnature.com/2023/03/24/montana-plantas-nativas-para-aves/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Shane Sater]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 24 Mar 2023 09:05:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Aves]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Historias en español]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Plantas]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Acanthis flammea]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Alberta beardtongue]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Alnus incana]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Amelanchier alnifolia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[American plum]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Aquilegia flavescens]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Artemisia cana]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Artemisia frigida]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Artemisia ludoviciana]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[beebalm]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Betula occidentalis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[big sagebrush]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[black cottonwood]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[blue elderberry]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Bombycilla cedrorum]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Bombycilla garrulus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[bristly gooseberry]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Canada goldenrod]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Cardellina pusilla]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[chokecherry]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[common juniper]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[common snowberry]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[common sunflower]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Cornus sericea]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Fragaria vesca]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[fringed sage]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[fuzzy-tongue penstemon]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[gardening]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Geothlypis trichas]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[giant goldenrod]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[golden currant]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[habitat]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Helianthus annuus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Helianthus maximiliani]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Helianthus nuttallii]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[horizontal juniper]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Icterus bullockii]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[insect diversity]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ipomopsis aggregata]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Juniperus horizontalis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Lonicera ciliosa]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Lupinus argenteus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Lupinus sericeus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Maximilian sunflower]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Missouri goldenrod]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Monarda fistulosa]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Myadestes townsendi]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Nuttall&#039;s sunflower]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[orange honeysuckle]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Penstemon albertinus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Penstemon eriantherus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Pinus flexilis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Pinus ponderosa]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[plains cottonwood]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Poecile atricapillus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ponderosa pine]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Populus balsamifera]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Populus deltoides]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Populus tremuloides]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Prunus americana]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Prunus virginiana]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[quaking aspen]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[red-osier dogwood]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ribes setosum]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Rocky Mountain juniper]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Rosa nutkana]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Rosa woodsii]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Salix exigua]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Salix scouleriana]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sambucus cerulea]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[sandbar willow]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[scarlet gilia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Scouler&#039;s willow]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[serviceberry]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Setophaga petechia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Setophaga ruticilla]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Shepherdia argentea]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sialia mexicana]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[silky lupine]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[silver buffaloberry]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[silver sagebrush]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Spinus tristis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Symphoricarpos albus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Symphoricarpos occidentalis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Turdus migratorius]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[western mountain-ash]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[western snowberry]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[western tanager]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[white sagebrush]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[wild strawberry]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Wood&#039;s rose]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[yellow columbine]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Zonotrichia leucophrys]]></category>
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					<description><![CDATA[<p>Cuando comparas las aves de un césped cortado con las que viven en un parche de capulines (Prunus virginiana), la diferencia es fuerte. Tal vez [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2023/03/24/montana-plantas-nativas-para-aves/">Cómo cultivar un jardín para las aves en el occidente de Montana</a> appeared first on <a href="https://wildwithnature.com">Wild With Nature</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<figure class="wp-block-image size-full is-resized"><a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2023/03/24/montana-native-plants-for-birds/"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="734" height="188" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-es-2.jpg" alt="Podcast bilingüe de la naturaleza" class="wp-image-3489" style="width:auto;height:100px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-es-2.jpg 734w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-es-2-300x77.jpg 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 734px) 100vw, 734px" /></a></figure>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><iframe style="border-radius:12px" src="https://open.spotify.com/embed/episode/0wNCCVGqs4qunaX8xuJW4P?utm_source=generator&amp;t=0" width="100%" height="152" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="" allow="autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; fullscreen; picture-in-picture" loading="lazy"></iframe></p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="870" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70973801-1024x870.jpg" alt="A juvenile cedar waxwing eating a chokecherry." class="wp-image-2104" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70973801-1024x870.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70973801-300x255.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70973801-768x653.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70973801.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Un chinito joven comiendo una fruta del capulín.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Cuando comparas las aves de un césped cortado con las que viven en un parche de capulines (<em>Prunus virginiana</em>), la diferencia es fuerte. Tal vez el césped mantendría a unos estorninos pintos (<em>Sturnus vulgaris</em>) y mirlos primavera (<em>Turdus migratorius</em>). Es posible que, al final de la migración primaveral, unos desesperados zorzales de anteojos (<em>Catharus ustulatus</em>) pudieran pasar por ahí. </p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="872" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70017851-1024x872.jpg" alt="A migrating Wilson's warbler in a chokecherry." class="wp-image-2105" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70017851-1024x872.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70017851-300x256.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70017851-768x654.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70017851.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Un chipe corona negra en un capulín durante la migración.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Los capulines, por otro lado, mantienen una intrincada comunidad de vida, desde la mariposa cometa xochiquetzal (<em>Papilio multicaudata</em>) hasta docenas de especies de aves. Cuando las frutas maduran a ser jugosas y de color negro profundo al final del verano, atraen chinitos (<em>Bombycilla cedrorum</em>), clarines norteños (<em>Myadestes townsendii</em>), pirangas capucha roja (<em>Piranga ludoviciana</em>), mirlos primavera y pinzones mexicanos (<em>Haemorhous mexicanus</em>). Por otra parte, a través de la estación de crecimiento, las hojas mantienen diversos insectos &#8211; y las aves que los comen. Puedes ver chipes corona negra (<em>Cardellina pusilla</em>) revoloteando por las hojas, así como reyezuelos matraquita (<em>Regulus calendula</em>), chipes rabadilla amarilla (<em>Setophaga coronata</em>) y vireos gorjeadores (<em>Vireo gilvus</em>).</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Cuando consideramos la diversidad de la vida cerca de nosotros, es fácil ver varias malas noticias en esa época. Durante los últimos 50 años, hemos perdido <a href="https://www.birds.cornell.edu/home/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/DECLINE-OF-NORTH-AMERICAN-AVIFAUNA-SCIENCE-2019.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">2,9 mil millones de aves reproductoras</a> en Norteamérica. A la vez, científicos en varias partes del mundo han reportado <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0006320718313636" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">declives rápidos de insectos que solían ser comunes</a>. Sin embargo, al tomar algunas simples decisiones sobre lo que vamos a cultivar en nuestros jardines, podemos contribuir en revertir estas tendencias. En nuestros jardines, parques y vecindarios, podemos proveer hogares para las aves, las abejas y las orugas. Y hacerlo no sólo tiene que ver con evitar extinciones &#8211; también es algo muy divertido.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Este artículo se enfoca en las plantas que podemos cultivar para las aves en la mitad occidental de Montana, EE.UU. Si vives en otra región, las plantas específicas serán diferentes, pero las recomendaciones generales serán las mismas. </p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color">Empezando: el hábitat para las aves</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="795" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/59362931-1024x795.jpg" alt="An American robin taking a bath." class="wp-image-2107" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/59362931-1024x795.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/59362931-300x233.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/59362931-768x596.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/59362931.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Un mirlo primavera bañándose.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Cada especie de ave tiene su propia historia de vida. Los hábitats que usa, dónde anida, si emigra o no &#8211; todo esto varía. Sin embargo, todas las aves necesitan comida, abrigo, agua y seguridad contra los depredadores. Las plantas &#8211; en concreto, especies particulares de plantas nativas al paisaje local &#8211; ofrecen buena comida y abrigo. Pero antes de que pongamos atención a los detalles de estas plantas, consideremos el agua y los depredadores.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Algunas aves, como los cernícalos americanos (<em>Falco sparverius</em>), pueden conseguir en su comida más o menos toda la humedad que necesitan. El resto de las aves tienen que beber agua. Si incluyes una provisión de agua en tu jardín, tal como un baño de aves que limpias regularmente o un humedal pequeño, puedes atraer las aves a beber o bañarse.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Ten cuidado con los depredadores</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="807" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220523_002444234-1024x807.jpg" alt="An &quot;Acopian bird saver&quot; bird-friendly window in Ruth Swenson's Helena, MT garden." class="wp-image-2150" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220523_002444234-1024x807.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220523_002444234-300x237.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220523_002444234-768x605.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220523_002444234.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Una ventana buena para aves en el jardín de Ruth Swenson en Helena, MT.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">¿Qué hay de los depredadores en nuestros jardines? Los gatos domésticos al aire libre pueden ser increíblemente letales para las aves cantoras en los vecindarios. Sólo en los Estados Unidos, los gatos domésticos matan a <a href="https://abcbirds.org/news/outdoor-cats-single-greatest-source-of-human-caused-mortality-for-birds-and-mammals-says-new-study/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">más de mil millones de aves cada año</a>. Este número es tan grande que es casi inimaginable. No obstante, hay <em>muchos</em> gatos domésticos al aire libre en los Estados Unidos: cerca de 50 millones como mascotas, además de hasta 100 millones de gatos ferales. Manejar estos gatos, <a href="https://www.allaboutbirds.org/news/faq-outdoor-cats-and-their-effects-on-birds/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">especialmente los ferales</a>, puede ser un asunto de disputa. Pero mantener tus propios gatos dentro de la casa es un paso relativamente fácil. Haciendo esto, vas a hacer que tu jardín no sea una trampa letal para las aves cantoras.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Las ventanas no son depredadores, pero son otro letal peligro para las aves cantoras en el vecindario. En los Estados Unidos, se estima que matan <a href="https://bioone.org/journals/the-condor/volume-116/issue-1/CONDOR-13-090.1/Birdbuilding-collisions-in-the-United-States--Estimates-of-annual/10.1650/CONDOR-13-090.1.full" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">más de 350 millones de aves cada año</a>. <a href="https://www.allaboutbirds.org/news/why-birds-hit-windows-and-how-you-can-help-prevent-it/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Un artículo por el Cornell Lab of Ornithology</a> resume este tema y presenta algunas soluciones. De estas, probablemente <a href="https://www.birdsavers.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">los Salvapájaros Acopianos</a> son una de las más elegantes. Este discreto diseño de baja tecnología consiste en hileras verticales de cuerdas, separadas por cuatro pulgadas, que cuelgan del exterior de una ventana. Puedes construirlos por ti mismo usando cualquier cuerda o bambú, o puedes comprarlos en línea.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Incluyendo características de hábitats diferentes</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="789" height="1024" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/69595041-789x1024.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-2108" style="width:400px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/69595041-789x1024.jpg 789w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/69595041-231x300.jpg 231w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/69595041-768x997.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/69595041-1183x1536.jpg 1183w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/69595041.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 789px) 100vw, 789px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Los cascanueces americanos son aves comunes en el bosque conífero, pero están raros fuera de este hábitat.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Hablando en general, todas las aves están asociadas con uno o más de tres grandes hábitats: el bosque, la pradera o el humedal. ¿Cuáles de estos hábitats forman el paisaje cerca de ti? La respuesta a esta pregunta va a influir en las posibilidades para tu jardín para las aves.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">¿Vives en el medio de un bosque del ayarín (<em>Pseudotsuga menziesii</em>), o en una zona residencial en el valle? Los cascanueces americanos (<em>Nucifraga columbiana</em>) probablemente no vayan a visitar tu jardín a menos que tengas parches de coníferos cerca de ti. Igualmente, es probable que no vayas a atraer ni saltaparedes pantaneros (<em>Cistothorus palustris</em>) ni agachonas norteamericanas (<em>Gallinago delicata</em>) a menos que vivas cerca de un humedal. </p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Por otra parte, la mayoría de las aves que viven en las praderas necesitan relativamente amplios espacios abiertos con gramíneas y hierbas. Por eso, a menos que esto describa el área cerca de tu casa, es probable que no tendrás gorriones chapulín (<em>Ammodramus savannarum</em>) ni praderos del oeste (<em>Sturnella neglecta</em>) en tu jardín. Mientras tanto, varias aves de matorrales o de los bordes de los bosques sí usarán jardines durante la migración o la estación reproductiva. Y, por supuesto, hay varias especies que usan más de uno de estos hábitats.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Generalmente, para hacer que tu jardín invite más a las aves, vale considerar componentes de estos tres hábitats: el bosque, la pradera y el humedal. Es poco probable que un estanque pequeño atraerá las agachonas norteamericanas &#8211; pero, otra vez, el agua hará que las aves puedan beber y bañarse. Tampoco es probable que un pequeño parche de pradera mantendrá a gorriones chapulín, pero ofrecerá importantes semillas e insectos a las aves del borde del matorral, tales como los gorriones cejas blancas (<em>Spizella passerina</em>). Y los parches de nativos árboles y arbustos, como los capulines, van a proveer comida y abrigo para diversas aves migratorias y reproductivas.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color">¿Por qué las plantas nativas?</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="863" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/85451811-1024x863.jpg" alt="A bohemian waxwing feeds on fruits of Russian-olive, an invasive tree." class="wp-image-2109" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/85451811-1024x863.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/85451811-300x253.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/85451811-768x647.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/85451811.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Un ampelis europeo comiendo las frutas del árbol del paraíso, un árbol invasor.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Probablemente te hayas dado cuenta de que sigo mencionando las plantas <strong>nativas</strong> para las aves. <em>¿Por qué eso sería importante?</em> podrías preguntarte. Tal vez hayas notado que los mirlos primavera y los ampelis europeos (<em>Bombycilla garrulus</em>) suelen comer las frutas del árbol del paraíso (<em>Elaeagnus angustifolia</em>), una planta invasora frecuentemente cultivada que a menudo escapa del cultivo para competir contra los álamos y sauces nativos en nuestras riberas. O quizás hayas observado un pinzón mexicano (<em>Haemorhous mexicanus</em>) o un picamaderos norteamericano (<em>Dryocopus pileatus</em>) picoteando una manzana &#8211; otra fruta no nativa.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="963" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/240159601-1024x963.jpg" alt="A western bluebird feeding on an adult moth. Insects - especially the larvae of butterflies and moths - are critical foods for most of our songbirds." class="wp-image-2110" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/240159601-1024x963.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/240159601-300x282.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/240159601-768x722.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/240159601.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Un azulejo garganta azul alimentándose con una polilla adulta. Los insectos &#8211; especialmente las larvas de las mariposas y las polillas &#8211; son recursos esenciales para la mayoría de nuestras aves cantoras.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Sí, claro que <em>hay</em> plantas no nativas que algunas aves usarán. Pero en conjunto, las plantas nativas son bastante superiores para nuestras aves. ¿Por qué? Tiene que ver con la comida &#8211; y específicamente, los insectos. Doug Tallamy, un investigador que ha pasado décadas estudiando las aves y los insectos, escribe que el 96% de las aves terrestres norteamericanas depende muchísimo de los insectos durante la estación reproductiva. Las orugas blandas y jugosas son especialmente importantes. Y mientras que las plantas nativas han coevolucionado con los insectos nativos, en comparación las plantas no nativas son un desierto para la diversidad de insectos.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Puede ser que una planta no nativa como el árbol del paraíso siga proveyendo frutas que alimenten algunas especies. Pero comparado con un capulín u otra planta nativa, es mucho menos útil para la mayoría de nuestras aves. Si quieres atraer una abundancia de aves a tu jardín, las plantas nativas te ayudarán mucho.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph"><em>Dale, ¿cuáles especies debo plantar para las aves?</em> podrías estar preguntando. Acá están algunas recomendaciones para el occidente de Montana, organizadas según los tipos de alimento que proveen.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color">Plantas nativas para los insectos</h3>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">¿Cuáles plantas nativas les proveen la mayor cantidad de insectos a nuestras aves? Para hacer recomendaciones para regiones diferentes, Doug Tallamy y Kimberley Shropshire colaboraron con el National Wildlife Federation para crear <a href="https://www.nwf.org/NativePlantFinder/Plants" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">un sitio web interactivo que se puede buscar por el código postal</a>. Por cada código postal, esta herramienta predice cuántas especies de orugas cada planta nativa mantendrá. Y resulta que, en cualquier región de Norteamérica en la que estés, solamente unas especies de plantas nativas mantienen la mayoría de las orugas.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="821" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/241778961-1024x821.jpg" alt="A western tanager in a native diamond willow (Salix eriocephala)." class="wp-image-2111" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/241778961-1024x821.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/241778961-300x241.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/241778961-768x616.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/241778961.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Una piranga capucha roja en un sauce nativo (<em>Salix eriocephala</em>).</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Cerca de Helena, Montana, los sauces (<em>Salix</em> spp.) encabezan la lista. Estos arbustos acogen hasta 309 especies de orugas &#8211; jugosos sacos de proteína para alimentar nuestras aves reproductivas. Muchos de nuestros sauces nativos crecen en humedales, pero <strong><em>Salix scouleriana</em> </strong>y <strong><em>Salix exigua</em> </strong>son especies comunes que suelen crecer en áreas más secas.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/163104721-1024x768.jpg" alt="A yellow warbler singing from a chokecherry." class="wp-image-2112" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/163104721-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/163104721-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/163104721-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/163104721.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Un chipe amarillo cantando en un capulín.</figcaption></figure>
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<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Los álamos (<em>Populus</em> spp.) también son muy importantes para las orugas, manteniendo hasta 245 especies. Entre ellos están las especies <em><strong>Populus balsamifera</strong></em> y <em><strong>Populus deltoides</strong></em> &#8211; pero fíjate en que estos árboles son reconocidos por caersele las ramas. Otra opción es <strong>el álamo temblón (<em>Populus tremuloides</em>)</strong>, pero esta especie forma matorrales por sus rizomas subterráneos. Por estas razones, los álamos son más apropiados en espacios grandes.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph"><strong>El capulín (<em>Prunus virginiana</em>) </strong>y<strong> la ciruela americana (<em>Prunus americana</em>)</strong> forman matorrales y son arbustos excelentes para el hábitat de las aves. (Albergan hasta 227 especies de orugas &#8211; y ve <a href="http://wildwithnature.com/2022/06/03/chokecherries-and-birds/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">este artículo</a> por una exploración de los otros minúsculos insectos que viven en los capulines). Sin embargo, si vives en un área con alto riesgo de conflictos con los osos, fíjate en que los capulines y las ciruelas pueden atraer osos cuando las frutas maduran en el otoño.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Abedules, alisos y pinos</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="802" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/237377911-1024x802.jpg" alt="A common yellowthroat in a thinleaf alder." class="wp-image-2113" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/237377911-1024x802.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/237377911-300x235.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/237377911-768x602.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/237377911.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Una mascarita común en un aliso gris.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Nuestros abedules nativos (<em>Betula</em> spp.) mantienen 211 especies de orugas. La <strong><em>Betula occidentalis</em> </strong>es un árbol pequeño que suele crecer al lado de los arroyos; la <em><strong>Betula papyrifera</strong></em> es un árbol mucho más grande. Y los abedules hacen mucho más que sólo proveer un montón de insectos. Sus troncos (como los de los álamos) son sitios populares para los nidos de las aves que anidan en cavidades, tales como los carboneros cabecinegros (<em>Poecile atricapillus</em>) o los saltaparedes comunes (<em>Troglodytes aedon</em>). (Si no quieres esperar hasta que tus árboles crezcan, el Cornell Lab of Ornithology también provee <a href="https://nestwatch.org/learn/all-about-birdhouses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">instrucciones detalladas de montaje para las cajas nido</a>). Además de los abedules, <strong>el aliso gris (<em>Alnus incana</em>)</strong>, una especie pariente, es un arbusto grande o un árbol pequeño que mantiene 196 especies de orugas.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="794" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/73020331-1024x794.jpg" alt="Red crossbills feeding on ponderosa pine cones." class="wp-image-2164" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/73020331-1024x794.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/73020331-300x233.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/73020331-768x595.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/73020331.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Unos picotuertos rojos alimentándose de una piña del pino ponderosa.</figcaption></figure>
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<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Entre los coníferos, los pinos (<em>Pinus</em> spp.) son importantes para las orugas, alojando hasta 188 especies. Cerca de Helena, la <em><strong>Pinus ponderosa</strong></em> y la <strong><em>Pinus flexilis</em> </strong>son opciones buenas. Sin embargo, recuerda que crecen para ser árboles bastante grandes. También, dependiendo de tus alrededores, podría ser que no quieras plantarlos cerca de tu casa por el riesgo de incendios.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Varas de oro, fresas y más</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="853" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/21_Solidago-gigantea15-1024x853.jpg" alt="A noctuid moth (Euxoa sp.) visiting giant goldenrod flowers." class="wp-image-2114" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/21_Solidago-gigantea15-1024x853.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/21_Solidago-gigantea15-300x250.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/21_Solidago-gigantea15-768x640.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/21_Solidago-gigantea15.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Una polilla de la familia Noctuidae (<em>Euxoa</em> sp.) visitando las flores de la vara de oro gigante.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Y ¿qué tal las plantas herbáceas? Para las orugas, la vara de oro (<em>Solidago</em> spp.) encabeza la lista, albergando 65 especies. Varas de oro comunes en Montana incluyen <em><strong>Solidago gigantea, Solidago canadensis</strong></em> y <em><strong>Solidago missouriensis</strong></em>. A menudo se culpan estas plantas por alergias al fin del verano, pero<a href="https://fmr.org/updates/conservation/goldenrod-or-ragweed-which-causes-allergies-and-which-benefits-pollinators" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"> esto es un mito</a>: típicamente los culpables son las plantas del género <em>Ambrosia</em>, que florecen a la misma vez.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="824" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/74861251-1024x824.jpg" alt="Many plants that provide insects also provide fruits or seeds. This common redpoll is foraging on a seedhead of big sagebrush, presumably eating the seeds." class="wp-image-2116" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/74861251-1024x824.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/74861251-300x242.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/74861251-768x618.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/74861251.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Varias plantas que aportan insectos también aportan frutas o semillas. Este pardillo norteño está alimentándose en una inflorescencia de artemisa (<em>Artemisia tridentata</em>), donde probablemente está comiendo las semillas.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Otras hierbas que mantienen números grandes de mariposas y polillas incluyen las nativas fresas y girasoles. Las fresas (<em><strong>Fragaria virginiana</strong></em> y <em><strong>Fragaria vesca</strong></em>) se mantienen bajas; puede ser que no compitan bien con plantas más altas y vigorosas. Los girasoles, al otro lado, son tanto altos como vigorosos. En Montana, <strong>el</strong> <strong>girasol común (</strong><em><strong>Helianthus annuus</strong></em><strong>)</strong> es una abundante planta anual que suele crecer al lado de las carreteras. También tenemos dos especies perennes comunes, <strong><em>Helianthus nuttallii</em></strong> y <strong><em>Helianthus maximiliani</em></strong>.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">También cabe mencionar los lupinos y las artemisas, que respectivamente alojan 40 y 35 especies de orugas. Algunos de los lupinos comunes en Montana son <strong><em>Lupinus argenteus</em></strong> y <strong><em>Lupinus sericeus</em></strong>. Las artemisas son muy diversas en Montana e incluyen tanto arbustos, entre ellos la <strong><em>Artemisia tridentata</em></strong> o la <strong><em>Artemisia cana</em></strong>, como hierbas, por ejemplo la <em><strong>Artemisia frigida</strong></em> o la <strong><em>Artemisia ludoviciana</em></strong>.  </p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color">Plantas nativas para proveer frutas</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70018061-1024x768.jpg" alt="A white-crowned sparrow eating red-osier dogwood fruits." class="wp-image-2117" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70018061-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70018061-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70018061-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70018061.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Un gorrión corona blanca comiendo las frutas de <em>Cornus sericea</em>.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Ya he mencionado que el capulín mantiene una diversidad de insectos. Además de los insectos, este arbusto también provee frutas. En el otoño, el capulín es un recurso fenomenal para los chinitos, los mirlos primavera y muchas otras aves. Y además del capulín, hay una amplia variedad de otras frutas nativas que atraen las aves, desde julio hasta el invierno. Muchas de estas plantas también albergan una diversidad notable de orugas (aunque apoyan menos especies de orugas que los árboles y arbustos que ya he mencionado).</p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="838" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/63690211-1024x838.jpg" alt="A cedar waxwing feeding on golden currant fruits." class="wp-image-2138" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/63690211-1024x838.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/63690211-300x246.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/63690211-768x628.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/63690211.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Un chinito comiendo las frutas de la grosella <em>Ribes aureum.</em></figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">La <strong><em>Cornus sericea</em> </strong>ofrece manojos de pequeñas frutas blancas desde medio verano hasta el otoño. Los maulladores grises (<em>Dumetella caroliniensis</em>) y los gorriones corona blanca (<em>Zonotrichia leucophrys</em>) están entre las aves que las comen. Este arbusto de media altura también tiene un llamativo follaje otoñal de rojo oscuro.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Las grosellas nativas &#8211; tales como el <strong><em>Ribes aureum</em></strong> o el <strong><em>Ribes setosum</em></strong> &#8211; son algunas de las frutas más tempranas al madurar en el verano. Ofrecen una merienda sabrosa, tanto para las aves como para gente. <strong>El guillomo (<em>Amelanchier alnifolia</em>)</strong> es otra querida fruta veraniega para los chinitos, las pirangas capucha roja y los zorzales.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Saúcos, perlitas y más</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200921_184528038-1024x768.jpg" alt="Silver buffaloberry (Shepherdia argentea)." class="wp-image-2157" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200921_184528038-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200921_184528038-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200921_184528038-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200921_184528038.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">El arbusto <em>Shepherdia argentea</em>.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Las frutas del<strong> saúco azul (<em>Sambucus cerulea</em>)</strong> maduran en el otoño, así como las del serbal (<strong><em>Sorbus scopulina</em></strong>). Las bayas de las perlitas &#8211; <strong><em>Symphoricarpos albus</em></strong> y <strong><em>Symphoricarpos occidentalis</em></strong> &#8211; también maduran en el otoño, pero siguen siendo disponible a través del invierno. Esto es el caso también por los rosales, tales como <strong><em>Rosa woodsii</em></strong> y <strong><em>Rosa nutkana</em></strong>. El arbusto <em><strong>Shepherdia argentea</strong></em> es otra buena especie cuyas frutas a veces permanecen hasta medio invierno. Sin embargo, nota que este arbusto es grande y espinoso, y se necesita distintas hembras y machos para polinizarlo. </p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="769" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/69356431-1024x769.jpg" alt="A Townsend's solitaire feeding on Rocky Mountain juniper fruits." class="wp-image-2118" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/69356431-1024x769.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/69356431-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/69356431-768x577.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/69356431.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Un clarín norteño comiendo las frutas del enebro <em>Juniperus scopulorum</em>.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">El enebro<strong> <em>Juniperus scopulorum</em> </strong>es un arbusto de gran altura que provee &#8220;bayas&#8221; invernales (las cuales realmente son piñas carnosas) para los ampelis europeos, los clarines norteños y los mirlos primavera. Fíjate en que el enebro, así como la <em>Shepherdia argentea</em>, tiene distintas hembras y machos: vas a necesitar los dos en tu área general para que la polinización ocurra. Además, el enebro es altamente inflamable &#8211; así que probablemente sería una mala idea plantarlo en áreas con alto riesgo de incendios. Montana también tiene dos enebros de más baja altura, el <strong><em>Juniperus horizontalis</em></strong> y el <strong><em>Juniperus communis</em></strong>, que proveen opciones para espacios más pequeños.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color">Plantas nativas para proveer semillas</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="824" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/384210431-1024x824.jpg" alt="An American goldfinch feeding on late-fall seeds of common sunflower." class="wp-image-2119" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/384210431-1024x824.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/384210431-300x242.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/384210431-768x618.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/384210431.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Un jilguerito canario comiendo las semillas del girasol común en la parte tarde del otoño.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Varias aves &#8211; como los jilgueritos canarios (<em>Spinus tristis</em>), los jilgueritos pineros (<em>Spinus pinus</em>), los chingolos arbóreos (<em>Spizelloides arborea</em>) y otros gorriones &#8211; a menudo se alimentan de semillas. En el caso de los gorriones, generalmente es difícil ver exactamente lo que comen, dado que suelen alimentarse en el suelo. No obstante, algunas plantas son especialmente notables por las aves que sus semillas atraen. </p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Los girasoles en Montana &#8211; el anual <em><strong>Helianthus annuus</strong></em> y los perennes <em><strong>Helianthus nuttallii</strong></em> y <em><strong>Helianthus maximiliani</strong></em> &#8211; atraen de forma fiable los jilgueritos canario y pinero cuando sus semillas maduran en el otoño. Nuestros pinos, como la <strong><em>Pinus ponderosa</em></strong> o la <em><strong>Pinus flexilis</strong></em>, mantienen grupos errantes de aves que se especializan en las semillas coníferas, incluso el picotuerto rojo (<em>Loxia curvirostra</em>) y el cascanueces americano. <strong>El aliso gris</strong> y <strong>los abedules</strong> proveen semillas invernales que suelen alimentar los pardillos norteños (<em>Acanthis flammea</em>) y los jilgueritos pineros. Y varias otras plantas nativas, desde las asteráceas hasta las gramíneas, también producen semillas que varios pinzones y gorriones pueden usar.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color">Plantas nativas para proveer néctar</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220608_233105315-1024x768.jpg" alt="Fuzzy-tongue penstemon." class="wp-image-2120" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220608_233105315-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220608_233105315-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220608_233105315-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220608_233105315.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">La campanita <em>Penstemon eriantherus</em>.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">¿Qué tal los colibrís? Estas minúsculas y queridas aves suelen cazar insectos diminutos. Por eso, plantar el hábitat para los insectos les importa a los colibrís también. Además, son bien conocidos por su predilección por alimentarse con néctar. Varias plantas nativas con flores largas y cilíndricas son populares con los colibrís. Entre ellas están la <strong><em>Lonicera ciliosa</em></strong>, la <strong><em>Aquilegia flavescens</em></strong>, la<strong> <em>Ipomopsis aggregata</em></strong>, la<strong> <em>Monarda fistulosa</em></strong> y las campanitas (<em>Penstemon</em> spp.). Las campanitas comunes del occidente de Montana incluyen el <strong><em>Penstemon albertinus</em></strong>, el<strong> <em>Penstemon eriantherus</em></strong> y el <strong><em>Penstemon procerus</em></strong>. Además, algunas de las plantas que ya he mencionado por los insectos o las frutas &#8211; como la grosella <strong><em>Ribes aureum</em></strong> &#8211; son fuentes populares de néctar para los colibrís.&nbsp;</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color">Cómo obtener plantas</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/252690541-1024x768.jpg" alt="A black-capped chickadee foraging for insects on serviceberry." class="wp-image-2121" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/252690541-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/252690541-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/252690541-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/252690541-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/252690541-2048x1536.jpg 2048w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Un carbonero cabecinegro buscando insectos en un guillomo (<em>Amelanchier alnifolia</em>).</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">¿Dónde puedes encontrar estas plantas? Algunos viveros locales, como <a href="https://www.gardenwerks.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">GardenWerks</a> en Helena, tienen una variedad limitada de plantas nativas. Además, logré hallar tres viveros minoristas en la parte occidental o central de Montana que ofrecen una amplia variedad de plantas nativas:</p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li><strong>Blake Nursery</strong>, Big Timber, MT: <a href="https://www.blakenursery.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.blakenursery.com/</a></li>



<li><strong>Center for Native Plants</strong>, Whitefish, MT: <a href="https://centerfornativeplants.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://centerfornativeplants.com/</a></li>



<li><strong>Pipilo Native Plants</strong>, Charlo, MT: <a href="https://www.pipilonatives.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.pipilonatives.com/</a></li>
</ul>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">(Un cuarto vivero, Southwest Montana Native Landscapes, lamentablemente ha cerrado, aunque todavía parece en una búsqueda de Google.)</p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="777" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/59362881-1024x777.jpg" alt="A Bullock's oriole in a black cottonwood." class="wp-image-2122" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/59362881-1024x777.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/59362881-300x228.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/59362881-768x582.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/59362881.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Una calandria cejas naranjas en un álamo negro.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Para aprender más, me puse en contacto con estos viveros y les pregunté cuáles plantas tienen, de las que he mencionado en este artículo. <a href="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Native-plants-for-birds.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Encuentra sus respuestas aquí.</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Además de estos viveros minoristas, hay unas fuentes comerciales adicionales para plantas nativas en el occidente de Montana. Para proyectos grandes, el <a href="https://dnrc.mt.gov/Forestry/Conservation-Nursery/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Montana Conservation Seedling Nursery</a> y <a href="https://www.greatbearnativeplants.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Great Bear Native Plants</a> aceptan pedidos mayoristas. Y si quieres germinar tus propias semillas, <a href="https://nativeideals.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Native Ideals</a> vende semillas localmente cultivadas por una variedad de especies nativas a Montana. </p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200926_181848814-1024x768.jpg" alt="American plum." class="wp-image-2160" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200926_181848814-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200926_181848814-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200926_181848814-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200926_181848814.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Una ciruela americana (<em>Prunus americana</em>).</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Fíjate en que algunos viveros que no se especializan en plantas nativas a veces &#8220;extenden&#8221; el concepto de &#8220;nativo&#8221; para incluir especies que no son realmente nativas a Montana. Por ejemplo, a veces se vende <em>Penstemon strictus</em> como una planta nativa, pero esta especie existe en estado salvaje sólo en el sur de las Montañas Rocosas y no llega a Montana. Si hay alguna duda sobre una especie, búscala en el <a href="https://fieldguide.mt.gov/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Montana Field Guide</a> del Montana Natural Heritage Program para aprender más sobre su situación en el estado, o revisa <a href="http://bonap.net/NAPA/Genus/Traditional/County" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">los mapas al nivel del condado</a> presentados por el Biota of North America Program. Estos mapas se organizan por el género de planta y muestran la extensión, al nivel del condado, en la que reside cada planta salvaje o naturalizada en los Estados Unidos.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color">El jardín para las aves</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="874" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/238615571-1024x874.jpg" alt="An American redstart in an aspen." class="wp-image-2123" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/238615571-1024x874.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/238615571-300x256.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/238615571-768x655.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/238615571.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Un pavito migratorio en un álamo temblón.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">¿Es esto una lista completa de todas las plantas que serían importantes para cultivar un jardín para las aves en Montana? ¡Claro que no! No he mencionado los arces nativos (<em>Acer</em> spp.), ni las frambuesas (<em>Rubus </em>spp.), ni los espinos (<em>Crataegus </em>spp.) ni muchos otros.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Si queremos cultivar un buen hábitat para las aves, siempre habrá más plantas que podemos añadir. Pero aun si no hicieras nada más que plantar un parche de capulines y unas varas de oro donde antes sólo había un césped cortado, habrás empezado bien. Mientras los capulines abran sus hojas en la primavera, espera hasta que los chipes rabadilla amarilla aparezcan, cazando insectos. Cuando las frutas maduren en el otoño, busca las bandadas de chinitos y mirlos primavera. Y si tienes espacio en tu jardín para incluir todas las plantas que he mencionado acá&#8230; en pocos años, tu jardín será un paraíso para las aves.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph"><em>Esta historia fue producida con apoyo de la <a href="https://goldcountrymg.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Gold Country Master Gardener Association</a>.</em></p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color">Leer más</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="869" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/158204741-1024x869.jpg" alt="A yellow-rumped warbler in a willow." class="wp-image-2126" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/158204741-1024x869.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/158204741-300x255.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/158204741-768x652.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/158204741.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Un chipe rabadilla amarilla en un sauce.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Acopian Bird Savers: prevent birds from flying into windows. Recuperado de <a href="https://www.birdsavers.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.birdsavers.com/</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">American Bird Conservancy. (2013, el 29 de enero). Outdoor cats: single greatest source of human-caused mortality for birds and mammals, says new study. Recuperado de  <a href="https://abcbirds.org/news/outdoor-cats-single-greatest-source-of-human-caused-mortality-for-birds-and-mammals-says-new-study/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://abcbirds.org/news/outdoor-cats-single-greatest-source-of-human-caused-mortality-for-birds-and-mammals-says-new-study/</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Biota of North America Program. (2014). BONAP’s North American Plant Atlas (NAPA). Recuperado de <a href="http://bonap.net/NAPA/Genus/Traditional/County" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://bonap.net/NAPA/Genus/Traditional/County</a></p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200910_131503868-1024x768.jpg" alt="Wetland habitat: a beaver dam with common cattail (Typha latifolia) and sandbar willow." class="wp-image-2161" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200910_131503868-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200910_131503868-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200910_131503868-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200910_131503868.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">El hábitat del humedal: una represa del castor con totoras (<em>Typha latifolia</em>) y sauces de hojas angostas. Esta área mantiene a tordos sargentos, agachonas norteamericanas, gorriones cantores, mascaritas comunes y más.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Center for Native Plants. (sin fecha). Our most bird friendly species. Recuperado de <a href="https://centerfornativeplants.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/cnp_plantselection_birds-1.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://centerfornativeplants.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/cnp_plantselection_birds-1.pdf</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Cornell Lab of Ornithology. (2016, el 5 de diciembre). FAQ: Outdoor cats and their effects on birds. Recuperado de <a href="https://www.allaboutbirds.org/news/faq-outdoor-cats-and-their-effects-on-birds/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.allaboutbirds.org/news/faq-outdoor-cats-and-their-effects-on-birds/</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Cornell Lab of Ornithology. (2023). All about birdhouses. Recuperado de <a href="https://nestwatch.org/learn/all-about-birdhouses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://nestwatch.org/learn/all-about-birdhouses/</a></p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><a href="http://wildwithnature.com/2022/06/10/life-at-plant-speed/"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="722" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220608_235306800.MP_-1024x722.jpg" alt="Native grassland habitats can host extremely diverse plant communities. This rocky hilltop community includes cutleaf daisy (Erigeron compositus), Sandberg bluegrass (Poa secunda), white-margined phlox (Phlox albomarginata), and stemless goldenweed (Stenotus acaulis)." class="wp-image-2162" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220608_235306800.MP_-1024x722.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220608_235306800.MP_-300x212.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220608_235306800.MP_-768x541.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220608_235306800.MP_.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Los hábitats de praderas nativas pueden mantener a comunidades vegetales extremadamente diversas. En <a href="http://wildwithnature.com/2022/06/10/life-at-plant-speed/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">esta comunidad rocosa en la cima de una colina</a>, se puede ver las especies <em>Erigeron compositus, Poa secunda, Phlox albomarginata</em> y<em> Stenotus acaulis</em>. En el occidente de Montana, aves comunes que anidan en praderas incluyen praderos del oeste y gorriones cola blanca. Una pradera del tamaño de un jardín no atraerá a estas aves a menos que vivas dentro de un parche más grande de llanura. Sin embargo, es probable que gorriones cejas blancas, jilgueritos canarios y otros vayan a aparecer para alimentarse de semillas e insectos.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Cornell Lab of Ornithology. (2023, el 24 de febrero). Why birds hits windows &#8211; and how you can help prevent it. Recuperado de <a href="https://www.allaboutbirds.org/news/why-birds-hit-windows-and-how-you-can-help-prevent-it/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.allaboutbirds.org/news/why-birds-hit-windows-and-how-you-can-help-prevent-it/</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Friends of the Mississippi River. (2022). Goldenrod or ragweed: which causes allergies and which benefits pollinators? Recuperado de <a href="https://fmr.org/updates/conservation/goldenrod-or-ragweed-which-causes-allergies-and-which-benefits-pollinators" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://fmr.org/updates/conservation/goldenrod-or-ragweed-which-causes-allergies-and-which-benefits-pollinators</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Loss, S.R., Will, T., Loss, S.S., &amp; Marra, P.P. (2014). Bird-building collisions in the United States: estimates of annual mortality and species vulnerability. <em>The Condor</em> 116(1):8-23. Recuperado de <a href="https://bioone.org/journals/the-condor/volume-116/issue-1/CONDOR-13-090.1/Birdbuilding-collisions-in-the-United-States--Estimates-of-annual/10.1650/CONDOR-13-090.1.full" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://bioone.org/journals/the-condor/volume-116/issue-1/CONDOR-13-090.1/Birdbuilding-collisions-in-the-United-States&#8211;Estimates-of-annual/10.1650/CONDOR-13-090.1.full</a></p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/S36769226_Riparian-1024x768.jpg" alt="Native shrub thickets such as this one host an incredible diversity of birds. This thicket includes red-osier dogwood, western snowberry, and thinleaf alder. Common summer birds here include yellow warblers, gray catbirds, cedar waxwings, and song sparrows." class="wp-image-2163" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/S36769226_Riparian-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/S36769226_Riparian-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/S36769226_Riparian-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/S36769226_Riparian.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Matorrales de arbustos nativos &#8211; como este matorral &#8211; mantienen una diversidad increíble de aves. Este matorral incluye las especies <em>Cornus sericea, Symphoricarpos occidentalis</em> y <em>Alnus incana</em>. En el verano, es común encontrar a chipes amarillos, maulladores grises, chinitos y gorriones cantores acá.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Montana Natural Heritage Program. (sin fecha). Montana Field Guide. Montana State Library. Recuperado de <a href="https://fieldguide.mt.gov/default.aspx" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://fieldguide.mt.gov/default.aspx</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Narango, D.L., Tallamy, D.W., &amp; Shropshire, K.J. (2020). Few keystone plant genera support the majority of Lepidoptera species. <em>Nature Communications</em> 11:5751. Recuperado de <a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/345818119_Few_keystone_plant_genera_support_the_majority_of_Lepidoptera_species" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.researchgate.net/publication/345818119_Few_keystone_plant_genera_support_the_majority_of_Lepidoptera_species</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">National Wildlife Federation. (2023). Native plants (by zip code). Recuperado de <a href="https://www.nwf.org/NativePlantFinder/Plants" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.nwf.org/NativePlantFinder/Plants</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Rosenberg, K.V., Dokter, A.M., Blancher, P.J., Sauer, J.R., Smith, A.C., Smith, P.A., … Marra, P.P. (2019). Decline of the North American avifauna. <em>Science </em>366:120-124. Recuperado de <a href="https://www.birds.cornell.edu/home/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/DECLINE-OF-NORTH-AMERICAN-AVIFAUNA-SCIENCE-2019.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.birds.cornell.edu/home/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/DECLINE-OF-NORTH-AMERICAN-AVIFAUNA-SCIENCE-2019.pdf</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Sánchez-Bayo, F. &amp; Wyckhuys, K.A.G. (2019). Worldwide decline of the entomofauna: a review of its drivers. <em>Biological Conservation</em> 232: 8-27. Recuperado de <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0006320718313636" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0006320718313636</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Smallwood, J.A. &amp; Bird, D.M. (2020). American kestrel (<em>Falco sparverius</em>), versión 1.0. <em>En</em> Birds of the World (A.F. Poole &amp; F.B. Gill, editores). Ithaca, NY: Cornell Lab of Ornithology. Recuperado de <a href="https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/amekes/cur/introduction" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/amekes/cur/introduction</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Tallamy, D.W. (2019). <em>Nature’s best hope: a new approach to conservation that starts in your yard.</em> Portland, OR: Timber Press.</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2023/03/24/montana-plantas-nativas-para-aves/">Cómo cultivar un jardín para las aves en el occidente de Montana</a> appeared first on <a href="https://wildwithnature.com">Wild With Nature</a>.</p>
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		<title>The Fort Missoula Ponds: a hotspot for biodiversity</title>
		<link>https://wildwithnature.com/2022/12/29/fort-missoula-ponds/</link>
					<comments>https://wildwithnature.com/2022/12/29/fort-missoula-ponds/#comments</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Shane Sater]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 30 Dec 2022 01:02:25 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Birds]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[English-language stories]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Water]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Aechmophorus occidentalis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Agropyron cristatum]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ardea herodias]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Bitterroot River]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Bucephala clangula]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Buteo jamaicensis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Clangula hyemalis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Colaptes auratus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Columba livia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Cornus sericea]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Corthylio calendula]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[crested wheatgrass]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Fort Missoula]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Icterus bullockii]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[kochia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Kochia scoparia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[McCauley Butte]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Megaceryle alcyon]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Melanitta perspicillata]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mergus merganser]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[migration]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Missoula]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Nstetčcx͏ʷétkʷ]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Pica hudsonia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Poecile atricapillus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ponderosa pine]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Populus balsamifera]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[red-osier dogwood]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Salix exigua]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[sandbar willow]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Smlk̓͏ʷsšná]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Spizelloides arborea]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sx͏ʷplstwé]]></category>
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					<description><![CDATA[<p>December 7, 2022 When it comes to birds around Missoula, Montana, the Fort Missoula Ponds have a reputation.&#160; “When you fly over Missoula, you can [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2022/12/29/fort-missoula-ponds/">The Fort Missoula Ponds: a hotspot for biodiversity</a> appeared first on <a href="https://wildwithnature.com">Wild With Nature</a>.</p>
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										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><iframe loading="lazy" src="https://anchor.fm/shane-sater/embed/episodes/The-Fort-Missoula-Ponds-a-hotspot-for-biodiversity-e1ssqth" height="102px" width="400px" frameborder="0" scrolling="no"></iframe></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph"><strong>December 7, 2022</strong></p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/PXL_20221207_222509317-1024x805.jpg" alt="The Fort Missoula Ponds." class="wp-image-1606" width="512" height="403" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/PXL_20221207_222509317-1024x805.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/PXL_20221207_222509317-300x236.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/PXL_20221207_222509317-768x604.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/PXL_20221207_222509317-1536x1207.jpg 1536w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/PXL_20221207_222509317.jpg 1800w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">The Fort Missoula Ponds.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">When it comes to birds around Missoula, Montana, the Fort Missoula Ponds have a reputation.&nbsp;</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">“When you fly over Missoula, you can see these really large bodies of water,” says Jim Brown.&nbsp;</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Once the site of a gravel quarry, the ponds have become a magnet for ducks, shorebirds, and many other creatures.&nbsp;</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/DSCN1294-1024x908.jpg" alt="The red-tailed hawk." class="wp-image-1607" width="512" height="454" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/DSCN1294-1024x908.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/DSCN1294-300x266.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/DSCN1294-768x681.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/DSCN1294.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">The red-tailed hawk.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">In the winter, when the ponds are frozen, the bird activity gets much quieter, just as it does anywhere in Montana. Nevertheless, seven of us have shown up on this snowy afternoon for a bird survey, led by Jim Brown of Five Valleys Audubon Society. It’s a chance to see what’s out here in the cold &#8211; and to remember all of the creatures that will be returning in the spring.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">We’re just getting started when we spot a red-tailed hawk gliding over the snow-covered grasses. It flares its wings and plunges, landing in the snow. A few seconds later, the hawk is airborne again.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">“He’s got something!” Cindy Swidler exclaims. Sure enough, we can see a small rodent &#8211; perhaps a vole &#8211; in the hawk’s beak. The red-tail flaps back to a ponderosa pine, landing in the top to eat its catch.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">From Smlk̓͏ʷsšná to Place of the Killers</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/PXL_20221207_210441426-1024x718.jpg" alt="The Fort Missoula Ponds, looking west, with Smlk̓͏ʷsšná / McCauley Butte in the background." class="wp-image-1609" width="512" height="359" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/PXL_20221207_210441426-1024x718.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/PXL_20221207_210441426-300x210.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/PXL_20221207_210441426-768x538.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/PXL_20221207_210441426.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">The Fort Missoula Ponds, looking west, with Smlk̓͏ʷsšná / McCauley Butte in the background.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Just beyond the pine where the red-tail has landed is the hill <a href="https://plateauportal.libraries.wsu.edu/system/files/atoms/file/2019-05-28%20N%C9%AB%CA%94ay%20Missoula%20Valley%20sign.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">known in Salish as <em>Smlk̓͏ʷsšná</em></a>, a billion-year old block of quartzites and argillites rising sharply above the Bitterroot River. More recently, settlers gave the hill its English name, McCauley Butte. Across from us to the east, on the opposite side of the ponds, is Fort Missoula itself. The Fort, established in 1877, is a newcomer on this landscape compared to <em>Smlk̓͏ʷsšná</em> Butte. But it, too, has a name in Salish. The Fort is known as <em>Sx͏ʷplstwé</em>, “Place of the Killers.” It’s a reminder that Missoula rests on Salish land &#8211; land that was taken by military force, not given freely.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">And between the Place of the Killers and the striking hill known as <em>Smlk̓͏ʷsšná </em>or McCauley Butte, nestled against the Bitterroot River, are the Fort Missoula Ponds. These two large ponds, ringed with sandbar willows (<em>Salix exigua</em>) and black cottonwoods (<em>Populus balsamifera</em>), are more recent additions to the landscape, the aftermath of a gravel-quarrying operation that mined the river rocks from this area.&nbsp;</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">The property known as the Fort Missoula Ponds consists of 86 acres, a mixture of open water and reclaimed grassland. In 2020, the City of Missoula took ownership of the site. For now, the area remains surrounded by a fence and closed to the public. In 2023, the City plans to hold a public input process and decide the future management of the site, considering things like wildlife habitat and recreation.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">231 bird species</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/PXL_20221207_211045662.MP_-1024x810.jpg" alt="Jillian Leblow, Cindy Swidler, and Jim Brown check the Bitterroot River (Nstetčcx͏ʷétkʷ) for ducks, while Sally Friou watches for songbirds in the shrubs behind them." class="wp-image-1610" width="512" height="405" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/PXL_20221207_211045662.MP_-1024x810.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/PXL_20221207_211045662.MP_-300x237.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/PXL_20221207_211045662.MP_-768x607.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/PXL_20221207_211045662.MP_.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Jillian Leblow, Cindy Swidler, and Jim Brown check the Bitterroot River (Nstetčcx͏ʷétkʷ) for ducks, while Sally Friou watches for songbirds in the shrubs behind them.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">But even before the City acquired the property, it had become well-known among Missoula-area birders that the Fort Missoula Ponds were special. For six years now, birders have been bringing their spotting scopes and observing the wildlife attracted to these ponds, viewing from outside of the fence. Over that time, they’ve reported an astounding <a href="https://ebird.org/hotspot/L4510807/media" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">231 bird species here</a> &#8211; making this <strong>by far the most species-rich site known for birds in all of Missoula County.&nbsp;</strong></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">This impressive list is based on observations that local birders have submitted to <a href="https://ebird.org/home" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">eBird</a>, a global platform for tracking and sharing bird sightings that is managed by the Cornell Lab of Ornithology. Many of these observations are supported by photos. Nevertheless, the City of Missoula was looking for a more robust, consistent survey of the birds using the Fort Missoula Ponds. Was this site really as amazing for bird habitat as the eBird data seemed to suggest?&nbsp;</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">So in spring of 2022, the City gave volunteers from Five Valleys Audubon Society permission to access the area and conduct a series of formal bird surveys. And so far, Jim Brown tells me, the Five Valleys Audubon surveys have matched very well with the eBird data.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">“In a way, for the City’s sake, that substantiated the eBird dataset,” says Jim.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">A diversity of ducks</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/76546911-1024x893.jpg" alt="Long-tailed duck (this one photographed on the Helena Regulating Reservoir in November)." class="wp-image-1611" width="512" height="447" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/76546911-1024x893.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/76546911-300x262.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/76546911-768x670.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/76546911.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Long-tailed duck (this one photographed on the Helena Regulating Reservoir in November).</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Today, following our most recent period of subzero temperatures, the ponds are thoroughly ice-covered. Any ducks that are sticking around the area have shifted to the nearby Bitterroot River. But as soon as the temperatures warm in the spring and open water reappears here, the waterfowl will be back.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">“As soon as these ponds open up, there’ll be stuff in them,” Jim tells me.&nbsp;</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">The eBird list for the Fort Missoula Ponds includes a whopping <strong>33 species</strong> of ducks, geese, and swans that birders have seen here over the past few years. And among them are some notable rarities, including long-tailed ducks and surf scoters.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">“These are unusual, ocean-going ducks,” Jim continues.&nbsp;</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Around Missoula, this is one of just a few places that birders have found these rare sea ducks.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Winter at the Fort Missoula Ponds</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/DSCN1301-1024x854.jpg" alt="Two bald eagles fly past." class="wp-image-1612" width="512" height="427" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/DSCN1301-1024x854.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/DSCN1301-300x250.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/DSCN1301-768x641.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/DSCN1301.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Two bald eagles fly past.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">A few black-billed magpies fly out of the willows, flashing their black and white wings. A northern flicker bobs past in flashes of orange and brown. We can see a few rock pigeons perching on a power pole to the north.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">It’s the quiet season out here, for sure &#8211; but there’s still activity around us. Two bald eagles fly past, an adult and an immature. They seem to be having an argument, diving at each other in midair with their talons extended. They sweep northward in their silent dispute, skimming across a panorama of snowy blue mountains.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">The ponds froze fast this year.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">“It got cold all of a sudden,” says Jean Duncan.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">The cold came so fast, in fact, that a western grebe got stuck in the ice, deprived of the long runway of open water that a grebe needs for takeoff. Last week, the Five Valleys Audubon birding team found it trapped in the ice. But then it disappeared &#8211; and today, there&#8217;s no sign of it. The group speculates that a bald eagle came in and scavenged the unfortunate grebe.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Along the river</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/PXL_20221207_210912451-1024x805.jpg" alt="Crack willow (Salix fragilis) and red-osier dogwood (Cornus sericea) along the bank of Nstetčcx͏ʷétkʷ / the Bitterroot River." class="wp-image-1613" width="512" height="403" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/PXL_20221207_210912451-1024x805.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/PXL_20221207_210912451-300x236.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/PXL_20221207_210912451-768x604.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/PXL_20221207_210912451.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Crack willow (Salix fragilis) and red-osier dogwood (Cornus sericea) along the bank of Nstetčcx͏ʷétkʷ / the Bitterroot River.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Now we’re past the frozen ponds and approaching the Bitterroot River, flowing tranquilly past the cottonwoods that line both banks. The Salish word for the river is <em>Nstetčcx͏ʷétkʷ</em>, which translates as “Red-osier Dogwood Waters.” And indeed, there are many red-osier dogwoods (<em>Cornus sericea</em>) growing among the cottonwoods here, along with wild rose, hawthorns, and more willows.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/98229521-1024x918.jpg" alt="A great blue heron on its nest in a cottonwood in May." class="wp-image-1614" width="512" height="459" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/98229521-1024x918.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/98229521-300x269.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/98229521-768x689.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/98229521.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A great blue heron on its nest in a cottonwood in May.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Cindy Swidler tells me that farther downstream, there’s a great blue heron rookery in the cottonwoods. Heron rookeries are an incredible sight to behold. To me they look prehistoric, these arrays of massive stick nests high in the trees. During the breeding season, it&#8217;s easy to find the impressive gray birds standing or sitting on their nests.&nbsp;</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Don&#8217;t get too close, though: heron rookeries are sensitive to disturbance from humans. During the spring and summer, too close of an approach can cause the herons to abandon their nests. </p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">The heron rookery isn’t the only special thing about this river corridor.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">“It’s a tremendous area for breeding birds,” Cindy says. “Tremendous.”</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Based on the <a href="https://ebird.org/hotspot/L4510807/media?m=6&amp;yr=all&amp;changeDate=" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">eBird data</a>, just a few of the summer birds commonly found at the Fort Missoula Ponds include calliope hummingbirds, spotted sandpipers, and red-naped sapsuckers. There are gray catbirds, warbling vireos, and eastern kingbirds. The grassland supports western meadowlarks, vesper sparrows, Savannah sparrows, and western bluebirds. It’s a bewildering diversity, far too much to list here &#8211; much more than the handful of birds we’re finding on this wintry day.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Life among the cottonwoods</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/DSCN1310-1024x887.jpg" alt="A Bullock's oriole nest hanging from a cottonwood near the Fort Missoula Ponds." class="wp-image-1615" width="512" height="444" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/DSCN1310-1024x887.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/DSCN1310-300x260.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/DSCN1310-768x666.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/DSCN1310.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A Bullock&#8217;s oriole nest hanging from a cottonwood near the Fort Missoula Ponds.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Now we’ve stopped to look at a cottonwood where beavers have been gnawing on the trunk. We can tell the chewing is recent, because there are fresh wood chips on top of the snow. An old Bullock’s oriole nest is hanging from a limb &#8211; the sign of yet another of those summer birds that Cindy was talking about. </p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Kristi DuBois points out another cottonwood, the top of this one dead and broken. </p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">“Nice woodpecker holes up there,” she comments.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Cottonwoods are very important trees for wildlife, hosting not only woodpeckers and many other cavity-nesters, but also western wood-pewees, least flycatchers, red-eyed vireos, and an incredible diversity of insects.&nbsp;</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/DSCN1326-1024x957.jpg" alt="Common mergansers resting on the gravel spit." class="wp-image-1616" width="512" height="479" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/DSCN1326-1024x957.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/DSCN1326-300x281.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/DSCN1326-768x718.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/DSCN1326.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Common mergansers resting on the gravel spit.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">We continue farther along the cottonwoods, passing a flock of black-capped chickadees hunting for food in the willows. A narrow wildlife path leads us down to the edge of the river. The water slips past smoothly, and here the winter birding starts to get a bit busier. A belted kingfisher chatters in the distance. Then we notice three common mergansers, drifting near a gravel bar. Eventually they climb out of the water onto a small island. The mergansers mostly hunt fish, though they may also catch other aquatic creatures such as crayfish and frogs.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">“They seem to make little runs off of that spit and come back to it,” Jim observes.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">A mallard hen paddles amiably against the current nearby. Then we spot three common goldeneyes, diving actively near the mergansers.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Managing for wildlife</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/DSCN1320-1024x768.jpg" alt="Nstetčcx͏ʷétkʷ / the Bitterroot River." class="wp-image-1617" width="512" height="384" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/DSCN1320-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/DSCN1320-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/DSCN1320-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/DSCN1320-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/DSCN1320.jpg 1800w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Nstetčcx͏ʷétkʷ / the Bitterroot River.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">The river &#8211; and the cottonwoods and red-osier dogwoods along it &#8211; make the area around the Fort Missoula Ponds extra-special. More than just an isolated block of habitat, this area is part of an important wildlife corridor that follows the river. Upstream is land owned by the University of Montana. Downstream is a minimally-developed parcel which hosts <a href="https://learningwithmeaning.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Learning with Meaning</a>, an educational organization. Beyond that, a conservation easement protects much of McCauley Butte itself. And across the river, just a bit farther downstream, is Maclay Flat, a large public natural area managed by the US Forest Service.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/DSCN1325-1024x860.jpg" alt="Cindy Swidler and Jillian Leblow look for birds along the river." class="wp-image-1618" width="512" height="430" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/DSCN1325-1024x860.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/DSCN1325-300x252.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/DSCN1325-768x645.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/DSCN1325.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Cindy Swidler and Jillian Leblow look for birds along the river.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">The Fort Missoula Ponds provide a key link in this habitat corridor.&nbsp;</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">“It’s a great opportunity to restore an old gravel mine into a productive natural area,” Jim says.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Management for wildlife habitat and recreation can be a tricky balance.&nbsp;</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">“There are a lot of people, understandably, that want to come enjoy a pond,” Jim says.&nbsp;</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">But in the case of a site that’s so important for birds, Jim maintains, finding this balance is critical. Too much human traffic can drive the birds away. That’s especially true during the warmer months, when the ice has melted from the ponds. Too much love from pedestrians isn’t the only worry: off-leash dogs during the warm season would be especially damaging for wildlife.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">“A lot of these migrants that come through here are very sensitive to human disturbance. If you don’t manage that, you’re going to lose them,” says Jim.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Migration at the Fort Missoula Ponds</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/59471691-1024x805.jpg" alt="Red-necked grebes are among the amazing diversity of migrant birds that stop over at the Fort Missoula Ponds in the spring and fall." class="wp-image-1620" width="512" height="403" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/59471691-1024x805.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/59471691-300x236.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/59471691-768x604.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/59471691-1536x1207.jpg 1536w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/59471691.jpg 2000w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Red-necked grebes are among the amazing diversity of migrant birds that stop over at the Fort Missoula Ponds in the spring and fall.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">The diversity of spring and fall migrants that use the Fort Missoula Ponds is especially stunning. Several years, hundreds of snow geese have stopped here. Five species of grebes pass through here commonly, and sometimes birders have spotted a less-common sixth species, the Clark’s grebe. The shorebird diversity is impressive: 18 species have turned up here. And when it comes to warblers, migration brings not just common species such as yellow-rumped and Wilson’s warblers, but also occasional, notable rarities like a black-throated gray and a magnolia warbler.&nbsp;</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Jim explains that Five Valleys Audubon Society hopes that the City will be able to develop public trails in some areas here. Wildlife viewing blinds along the trails would allow the community to see this amazing diversity of birds up-close, while minimizing disturbance to the birds. At the same time, for the sake of the wildlife, the Audubon chapter advocates for maintaining some completely undeveloped areas to serve as safe spaces for this incredible diversity of feathered visitors.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">A late migrant</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/rcki-1-1024x866.jpg" alt="Ruby-crowned kinglets: a cooperative spring migrant, in contrast with the fleeting photo I got of this late-season bird." class="wp-image-1622" width="512" height="433" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/rcki-1-1024x866.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/rcki-1-300x254.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/rcki-1-768x650.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/rcki-1.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Ruby-crowned kinglets: a cooperative spring migrant, in contrast with the fleeting photo I got of this late-season bird.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">We’re getting ready to leave the river corridor when Jillian Leblow spots a flash of movement as a small songbird flies into the top of a willow. It immediately disappears from sight. We wait several minutes, but it’s as if the bird has vanished entirely. </p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">From the split-second glimpse that I got of its flight, I think it was probably a chickadee. Someone else in our group expresses the same opinion. But Jillian is patient. The rest of us have just about given up when she spots it again, very backlit in the top of the willow.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">“I think it’s a ruby-crowned kinglet!” she exclaims.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Ruby-crowned kinglets are insect-eaters that typically migrate to the southern U.S. and Mexico for the winter. After weeks of intense cold, it would be truly surprising to find one in Missoula still at this season. Jillian and I race off towards the willow, changing our angle so the sun isn’t shining directly into our eyes. As we approach, I hear a quick, harsh chatter &#8211; the call of a ruby-crowned kinglet! The bird flies into a nearby hawthorn and we both get a definitive look at its white wingbars, olive-gray body, and pointy bill for insect-hunting. A ruby-crowned kinglet indeed!</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">“I always feel like that’s the benefit of waiting,” Jillian says. “<em>Was</em> it a chickadee?”</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">In this case, it was something far more unusual.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Herons and American tree sparrows</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/DSCN1333-1024x923.jpg" alt="A great blue heron flushes from the frozen pond." class="wp-image-1623" width="512" height="462" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/DSCN1333-1024x923.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/DSCN1333-300x271.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/DSCN1333-768x692.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/DSCN1333.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A great blue heron flushes from the frozen pond.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">As we walk back towards the cars, two great blue herons flush from the ice of the ponds. Even in their opaque winter stillness, the Fort Missoula Ponds are attracting birds. Are these two herons some of the same individuals that nest in the rookery here in the summer?</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">We get back to our cars: today’s survey is over. But then I notice that the weedy mound of dirt near our parking area seems to be crawling. Among the scraggly <a href="http://wildwithnature.com/2022/11/07/kochia-fall-sparrows/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">kochia (<em>Kochia scoparia</em>)</a> that covers this mound, a flock of birds are feeding. They’re American tree sparrows, crisp and beautiful in the stark elegance of their plumage. And they’re giving us an excellent look.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/DSCN1357-1024x893.jpg" alt="American tree sparrow feeding on crested wheatgrass seeds." class="wp-image-1624" width="512" height="447" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/DSCN1357-1024x893.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/DSCN1357-300x262.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/DSCN1357-768x669.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/DSCN1357.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">American tree sparrow feeding on crested wheatgrass seeds.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Here we are, seven birders, standing awestruck in an unmarked parking lot at the edge of Missoula. The tree sparrows are busy and unafraid, picking seeds from the ground and from the tops of the kochia plants. One comes even closer to us and works on the crested wheatgrass seedheads, flying at them and bending them down to the snow. There, it proceeds to peck away, stocking up on calories for the cold nights ahead.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Biodiversity at the edge of Missoula</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/DSCN1347-1024x818.jpg" alt="American tree sparrows feeding in the kochia." class="wp-image-1625" width="512" height="409" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/DSCN1347-1024x818.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/DSCN1347-300x240.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/DSCN1347-768x614.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/DSCN1347.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">American tree sparrows feeding in the kochia.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">This has been a relatively quiet afternoon for birds &#8211; the sort of quiet that we can expect during the cold winter season. But even so, it’s clear that the Fort Missoula Ponds are one of Missoula’s special places for wildlife and nature. We’ve gotten to see tree sparrows gathering seeds, a red-tailed hawk hunting voles or mice, and great blue herons flying up from the frozen ponds. We’ve seen a beautiful cottonwood stand with woodpecker nest holes and at least one oriole nest, hints of this place’s summer abundance. And I’ve gotten to make friends with a remarkable group of Five Valleys Audubon Society volunteers &#8211; people who care about this place and can see its potential for wildlife and for the community in the years to come.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">In the grand sweep of time, the Fort Missoula Ponds are very recent happenings on this landscape. Sandwiched between the ancient hill known as <em>Smlk̓͏ʷsšná</em> and <em>Sx͏ʷplstwé</em>, the Place of the Killers, these ponds are younger even than Fort Missoula. </p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">But even in the relatively short time of their existence, the birds have found them and responded. The Fort Missoula Ponds area has become a biodiversity hotspot at the edge of Missoula. In a time when, all around the world, wildlife habitat is disappearing rapidly, these ponds provide a ray of hope. And with thoughtful management, they will become even more important for wildlife and the community in the years ahead.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">For updates on the birds at the Fort Missoula Ponds, or to volunteer with future bird surveys, get in touch with <a href="https://fvaudubon.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Five Valleys Audubon Society</a>.</p>



<h3 class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-heading">Further reading</h3>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Lewis, R.S. (1998). Preliminary geologic map of the Montana part of the Missoula West 30’ x 60’ quadrangle. Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 373, 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000. Retrieved from <a href="https://mbmg.mtech.edu/mbmgcat/public/ListCitation.asp?pub_id=11220&amp;" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://mbmg.mtech.edu/mbmgcat/public/ListCitation.asp?pub_id=11220&amp;</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Murdock, Joshua. (2022, 6 Jul). Birders eye prime habitat at Missoula’s Knife River Ponds. <em>The Missoulian</em>. Retrieved from <a href="https://missoulian.com/news/local/birders-eye-prime-habitat-at-missoulas-knife-river-ponds/article_df543aec-64c4-5a0b-bcee-61e2bdf8c8a8.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://missoulian.com/news/local/birders-eye-prime-habitat-at-missoulas-knife-river-ponds/article_df543aec-64c4-5a0b-bcee-61e2bdf8c8a8.html</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Séliš-Ql̓ispé Culture Committee. (2019). Nɫʔay, place of the small bull trout. The Missoula area and the Séliš and Ql̓ispé people. Retrieved from <a href="https://plateauportal.libraries.wsu.edu/system/files/atoms/file/2019-05-28%20N%C9%AB%CA%94ay%20Missoula%20Valley%20sign.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://plateauportal.libraries.wsu.edu/system/files/atoms/file/2019-05-28%20N%C9%AB%CA%94ay%20Missoula%20Valley%20sign.pdf</a></p>
<p>The post <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2022/12/29/fort-missoula-ponds/">The Fort Missoula Ponds: a hotspot for biodiversity</a> appeared first on <a href="https://wildwithnature.com">Wild With Nature</a>.</p>
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		<title>El Lago Helena y sus patos increíbles</title>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Shane Sater]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 27 Oct 2022 23:10:00 +0000</pubDate>
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		<category><![CDATA[Anser caerulescens]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Anthus rubescens]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Aythya americana]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Aythya valisineria]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Berkeley Pit]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[bird surveys]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Branta canadensis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Circus hudsonius]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[common carp]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Cyprinus carpio]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ducks]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Fulica americana]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Haliaeetus leucocephalus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Lake Helena]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mareca americana]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mareca strepera]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[migration]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Oxyurus jamaicensis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Salix exigua]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[sandbar willow]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[waterfowl]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://wildwithnature.com/?p=3153</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>4 de octubre de 2022 “Este lugar es como una fábrica de patos frisos,” dice Mark Mariano. Hoy me he reunido con Mark, un ecólogo [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2022/10/27/lago-helena-patos/">El Lago Helena y sus patos increíbles</a> appeared first on <a href="https://wildwithnature.com">Wild With Nature</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<figure class="wp-block-image size-full is-resized"><a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2022/10/27/lake-helena-ducks/"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="734" height="188" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-es-2.jpg" alt="Podcast bilingüe de la naturaleza" class="wp-image-3489" style="width:auto;height:100px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-es-2.jpg 734w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-es-2-300x77.jpg 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 734px) 100vw, 734px" /></a></figure>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><iframe loading="lazy" src="https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/shane-sater/embed/episodes/El-Lago-Helena-y-sus-patos-increbles-e2boma7/a-aajfug6" height="102px" width="400px" frameborder="0" scrolling="no"></iframe></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph"><strong>4 de octubre de 2022</strong></p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="858" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/PXL_20221004_170034425-1024x858.jpg" alt="Mark Mariano counting ducks on the western bay of Lake Helena." class="wp-image-1329" style="width:515px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/PXL_20221004_170034425-1024x858.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/PXL_20221004_170034425-300x251.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/PXL_20221004_170034425-768x643.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/PXL_20221004_170034425.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Mark Mariano cuenta los patos en la bahía occidental del Lago Helena.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">“Este lugar es como una fábrica de patos frisos,” dice Mark Mariano. Hoy me he reunido con Mark, un ecólogo basado en la ciudad de Butte que trabaja para <a href="https://www.rampart-solutions.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Rampart Solutions</a> y es cofundador de la nueva organización sin fines de lucro <a href="https://www.mtwetlandsandwaterfowl.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Montana Wetlands and Waterfowl</a>, para contar patos en <a href="https://ebird.org/hotspot/L158589" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">el Lago Helena</a>, en el parte oeste central de Montana, EE.UU. Aquí, pocas millas lejos de la capital de Montana, números impresionantes de aves acuáticas hacen escala en este lago poco profundo, y en los humedales extensos que lo rodean, durante la migración otoñal. Y desde 2020, Mark viene acá una vez cada semana durante el otoño, contando los patos y observando esta etapa en su migración. </p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">El trabajo de Mark aquí se vincula a una colaboración robusta entre biólogos y la industria. La colaboración se centra en el enorme hoyo tóxico de Butte, el Berkeley Pit, y un esfuerzo bastante exitoso para evitar las muertes de aves acuáticas ahí. Los conteos de Mark en el Lago Helena son parte de un proyecto regional de monitoreo de aves. La meta es mantenerle bien informado al equipo del Berkeley Pit sobre la migración otoñal de aves acuáticas. El equipo, sabiendo cuáles aves probablemente van a llegar, está <a href="https://pitwatch.org/waterfowl-protection/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">preparado para ahuyentarlas</a> desde las aguas nocivas del Berkeley Pit.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Desde hace dos años que Mark hace conteos semanales de la migración otoñal de patos en el Lago Helena. Todos estos conteos le han dado una riqueza de conocimiento local sobre las aves acuáticas y sus movimientos a través de las estaciones. Hoy, tengo la oportunidad de aprender de Mark sobre nuestros patos locales. ¿Qué significa el Lago Helena para las aves acuáticas? </p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Los patos frisos en el Lago Helena</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="769" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/gadw-1024x769.jpg" alt="Gadwall male." class="wp-image-1331" style="width:515px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/gadw-1024x769.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/gadw-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/gadw-768x577.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/gadw.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Un pato friso macho.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Mark sigue contándome de los patos frisos (<em>Mareca strepera</em>) mientras revisa la bahía occidental del lago con su telescopio. Los patos frisos—patos sutiles vestidos en carboncillo, negro y marrón claro que tienen una semejanza a los bien conocidos patos de collar (<em>Anas platyrhynchos</em>)—vienen al Lago Helena en la primavera. Se aparean y las hembras ponen huevos. Sus nidos tienen la forma de un cuenco en el suelo y se ubican entre vegetación densa cerca del agua. Los machos se van pronto, formando grupos de solteros que pasan el verano en otra parte. Al llegar al comienzo de agosto, los patitos se han emplumado. Cientos de estos jóvenes se unen a las bandadas en el lago. </p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Ahora, los machos han regresado al Lago Helena, también. Podemos esperar que habrá patos frisos aquí por el resto del otoño, hasta que el lago se congele.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Las gallaretas americanas y sus compañeros</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="769" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/amco-1024x769.jpg" alt="American coot feeding on aquatic vegetation." class="wp-image-1332" style="width:515px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/amco-1024x769.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/amco-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/amco-768x577.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/amco.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Una gallareta americana se alimenta de vegetación acuática.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Las gallaretas americanas (<em>Fulica americana</em>) son las aves acuáticas más abundantes hoy. Sólo en la parte oeste del lago, contamos 1.900 de ellas, una gran agrupación de aves de color gris tormentoso. Unos patos frisos y patos chalcuán (<em>Mareca americana</em>) se mezclan con la agrupación. Las gallaretas, con sus llamativos picos blancos, tienen cierta semejanza a los patos. Pero realmente son rálidos (de la familia Rallidae), no patos. Sin embargo, como varios patos que forrajean en la superficie—por ejemplo los patos frisos y chalcuán—las gallaretas se alimentan bastante de vegetación acuática. </p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="696" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/amwi-1024x696.jpg" alt="American wigeon feeding." class="wp-image-1333" style="width:515px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/amwi-1024x696.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/amwi-300x204.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/amwi-768x522.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/amwi.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Un pato chalcuán forrajea.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">“Son muy importantes para los patos porque bucean,” Mark me dice. Los patos frisos y chalcuán sólo forrajean cerca de la superficie del agua. Incapaces de bucear, estos patos sumergen la cabeza, apuntando la cola hacia el cielo, para alimentarse de plantas en los bajos del lago. Pero Mark me cuenta que es muy común ver los patos chalcuán y frisos mezclando con bandadas de gallaretas americanas. Ahí, esperan hasta que las gallaretas, con su capacidad de bucear profundamente, vuelven a la superficie. Entonces intentan robarles el alimento.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Hace dos semanas que Mark contó unos abrumadores <strong>17.000</strong> gallaretas americanas aquí. Esta magnitud de cambio en un par de semanas—desde 17.000 hasta sólo unos pocos miles—nos deja claro que las gallaretas están migrando ahora. Se detienen para forrajear en el Lago Helena, y entonces siguen migrando hacia el sur.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">El Lago Helena por bote</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="803" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/PXL_20221004_181137721-1024x803.jpg" alt="Counting ducks from the boat." class="wp-image-1339" style="width:515px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/PXL_20221004_181137721-1024x803.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/PXL_20221004_181137721-300x235.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/PXL_20221004_181137721-768x602.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/PXL_20221004_181137721.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Mark Mariano cuenta patos desde el bote.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Ahora Mark ha acabado de contar las aves acuáticas en esta bahía occidental del lago. Es hora de empezar la segunda fase del conteo. Vamos a botar su bote y navegar alrededor del lago entero en un círculo, tratando de hacer un conteo completo de todos los patos que no hemos podido ver desde la orilla. </p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Tan pronto como zarpamos, empezamos a hacer un círculo en sentido horario por el lago. “Contando desde el bote es tan efectivo y fácil,” Mark me dice. Por revisar el lago entero y observar los humedales a los lados, logra obtener un conteo mucho más completo de las aves acuáticas que lo que obtendría si sólo observara desde la orilla.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Inicialmente, Mark hacía conteos primaverales también. Y sus observaciones primaverales revelaron algo interesante. Aprendió que algunas bandadas bastante grandes de gansos blancos (<em>Anser caerulescens</em>) hacían escala en los estanques inaccesibles al lado sur del lago. Era como “un pequeño Lago Freezout,” me dijo—haciendo referencia a ese lago famoso de Montana donde <a href="https://www.visitmt.com/listings/general/lake/freezeout-lake" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">cientos de miles de gansos blancos hacen escala</a> durante la primavera. Y dado que estos estanques al lado sur del Lago Helena son casi imposibles de acceder sin bote, los pajareros locales generalmente no eran conscientes de este “pequeño Freezout” hasta que Mark empezó sus conteos. </p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/sngo-1024x768.jpg" alt="Snow geese over Lake Helena, part of a flock of 5000 that stopped here in April 2018." class="wp-image-1337" style="object-fit:cover" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/sngo-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/sngo-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/sngo-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/sngo.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Los gansos blancos sobre el Lago Helena, una parte de una bandada de 5.000 que hizo escala aquí en abril de 2018.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Bisbitas, gavilanes rastreros y patos buceadores</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/DSCN0904-1024x768.jpg" alt="The shallows along the southeast edge of Lake Helena." class="wp-image-1340" style="width:515px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/DSCN0904-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/DSCN0904-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/DSCN0904-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/DSCN0904.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Las aguas poco profundas del lado sureste del Lago Helena.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Hoy, no encontramos ningunos gansos blancos. Anticipamos que vayan a empezar a verse aquí tarde en octubre o temprano en noviembre, cuando las primeras tormentas invernales empiecen a alcanzar las áreas en Alberta, Canadá donde la mayoría se concentran antes de volar hacia el sur. </p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Hoy el lado sureste del Lago Helena está callado. De vez en cuando podemos escuchar el llamado—“<em>chip”</em> —de un chipe rabadilla amarilla (<em>Setophaga coronata</em>) desde los sauces (<em>Salix exigua</em>) de color anaranjado ardiente. Bandadas pequeñas de bisbitas americanas (<em>Anthus rubescens</em>) se echan a volar desde la orilla con sus vocalizaciones eléctricas “<em>sip-it”</em>. El agua burbujea suavemente bajo la proa del bote.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="719" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/DSCN0966-1024x719.jpg" alt="A group of redheads on the lake." class="wp-image-1341" style="width:515px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/DSCN0966-1024x719.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/DSCN0966-300x211.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/DSCN0966-768x540.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/DSCN0966.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Una bandada de patos cabeza roja en el lago.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Unos gavilanes rastreros (<em>Circus hudsonius</em>) están dando vueltas sobre los humedales al sur de nosotros. Avistamos una agrupación grande de patos en medio del lago. Están congregados cerca de un límite visible donde el agua suave de la mañana está cediendo a una superficie de olas agitadas por el viento. Mark mantiene su ojo pegado al telescopio. Controla el rumbo del bote con un pequeño motor de pesca, así cambiando la perspectiva del telescopio para examinar toda la agrupación. Los patos en medio del lago son mayoritariamente especies de patos buceadores. Vemos patos cabeza roja (<em>Aythya americana</em>), patos pico anillado (<em>Aythya collaris</em>) y patos tepalcate (<em>Oxyura jamaicensis</em>). </p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">De repente veo un águila cabeza blanca (<em>Haliaeetus leucocephalus</em>) planeando lánguidamente al oeste sobre el lago. Mark se apresura a contar los patos mientras el depredador se acerca. Pronto, como anticipábamos, los patos saltan del agua y vuelan. Bandada tras bandada huyen hacia el oeste como si fueran un solo animal, impulsado por la fuerza repelente del vuelo del depredador. El águila sigue adelante y desaparece en la distancia. Los patos aterrizan en nuevas posiciones. Pero ahora podemos ver muchos más patos cabeza roja que antes. </p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">El Lago Helena y sus humedales</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/redh-1024x768.jpg" alt="Redhead male." class="wp-image-1334" style="width:515px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/redh-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/redh-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/redh-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/redh.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Un pato cabeza roja macho.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">“Están apareciendo de la nada—aún siguen llegando,” exclama Mark.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Las bandadas de patos cabeza roja empezaron a verse aquí hace dos semanas, cuando el lago estaba lleno de gallaretas americanas como sardina en lata. Con todos los patos cabeza roja que estamos viendo hoy, Mark está sorprendido que no hayamos visto ningunos patos coacoxtle (<em>Aythya valisineria</em>). Estos grandes patos buceadores a menudo se mezclan con las agrupaciones de patos cabeza roja aquí. Pero puede ser todavía un poco temprano en el otoño para su llegada.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="769" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/canv-1024x769.jpg" alt="Canvasback male." class="wp-image-1335" style="width:515px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/canv-1024x769.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/canv-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/canv-768x577.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/canv.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Un pato coacoxtle macho (nota la frente recta, comparada con la frente más curvada del pato cabeza roja).</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Revisamos las balsas al lado sur del lago, que están rodeadas por humedales extensos y bonitos de espadañas y juncos. </p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">“Más patos frisos—¡sorpresa!” dice Mark. Aquí también vemos nuestros primeros patos de collar del día. Grupos pequeños de ellos están volando de estas aguas protegidas, pasando oblicuamente sobre nosotros.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Al sur, en la distancia, podemos ver una nube masiva compuesta de gaviotas que están dando vueltas. Es un enjambre de manchitas lejanas sobre el valle, apenas visibles sin binoculares. Presuntamente están forrajeando, habiendo encontrado una concentración de insectos o arañas voladores. En el lago mismo, más de cien gaviotas de Franklin (<em>Leucophaeus pipixcan</em>) están activas. Se mecen en la superficie y luego se van volando, aleteando hacia el este sobre nosotros en hilos desordenados.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="783" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/DSCN1001-1024x783.jpg" alt="Franklin's gulls over Lake Helena." class="wp-image-1336" style="width:900px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/DSCN1001-1024x783.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/DSCN1001-300x230.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/DSCN1001-768x588.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/DSCN1001.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Gaviotas de Franklin vuelan sobre el Lago Helena.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Cerrando el círculo</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="798" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/DSCN1008-1024x798.jpg" alt="Franklin's gulls, an American white pelican, and American coots near the western edge of Lake Helena." class="wp-image-1342" style="width:515px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/DSCN1008-1024x798.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/DSCN1008-300x234.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/DSCN1008-768x599.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/DSCN1008.jpg 1500w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Unos gaviotas de Franklin, un pelícano blanco americano y varias gallaretas americanas cerca del lado oeste del Lago Helena.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Ya acabamos de pasar por la bahía occidental, donde esta mañana contamos las gallaretas americanas y patos frisos desde la orilla. Nuestro círculo alrededor del lago está llegando a su fin. En una pastura al norte, vemos unos grupos pequeños de gansos canadienses mayores (<em>Branta canadensis</em>). Los revisamos cuidadosamente, buscando cualquier cosa diferente. Durante las semanas recientes, Mark ha visto un inesperadamente temprano ganso blanco con los gansos canadienses. Fue una sorpresa, un ganso blanco bien adelantado a la migración general de la especie. Pero hoy sólo logramos ver gansos canadienses: parece que el ganso blanco ya ha continuado hacia adelante. </p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Mark navega de vuelta al punto donde botamos el bote. Otro conteo de los patos del Lago Helena se ha cumplido. Hoy hemos conocido una gota en el río otoñal que es la migración de las aves acuáticas. Realmente es más que un río: es una marea que se desliza por el continente entero, inexorablemente hacia el sur, millones de patos y gallaretas que están evacuando los humedales boreales ante el acercamiento del invierno. El Lago Helena es un trozo de este vasto rompecabezas ecológico. Y ya que Mark visita el lago cada semana a través de la migración otoñal, el conteo de hoy tiene el contexto de la entera historia estacional.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Problemas con carpas</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="806" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/DSCN0991-1024x806.jpg" alt="Franklin's gulls over Lake Helena's shallow, carp-churned waters." class="wp-image-1343" style="width:515px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/DSCN0991-1024x806.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/DSCN0991-300x236.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/DSCN0991-768x604.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/DSCN0991.jpg 1500w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Gaviotas de Franklin sobre las aguas someras del Lago Helena donde las carpas forrajean.</figcaption></figure>
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<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">El Lago Helena no es perfecto en términos del hábitat para los patos. Masivas <a href="https://fieldguide.mt.gov/speciesDetail.aspx?elcode=AFCJB08010" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">carpas comunes europeas</a> (<em>Cyprinus carpio</em>)—una especie invasora de pez—pasan el verano aquí en números grandes, agitando barro mientras buscan alimento en el fondo poco profundo del lago. Mark explica que esta acción previene que las plantas acuáticas crezcan, así reduciendo el alimento que está disponible para los patos y las gallaretas. Las carpas también contribuyen, indirectamente, a las floraciones de algas. Por remover plantas acuáticas, las carpas previenen que estas plantas absorban el influjo de nutrientes que el lago recibe desde el Valle de Helena. En vez de plantas acuáticas, alfombras de algas crecen en respuesta al exceso de nutrientes. </p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Mark conoce una solución para el problema de las carpas en el Lago Helena. El lago, me dice, es bastante somero. Durante el invierno, las carpas regresan a las aguas profundas del Lago Hauser, aguas abajo, para sobrevivir el tiempo frío. Según Mark, si se instalara una puerta en el dique que represa las aguas del Lago Helena que sólo permitiera que los peces hasta un cierto tamaño pasaran, excluiría la mayoría de las carpas masivas del Lago Helena. Mientras tanto, todos los peces más pequeños todavía podrían moverse libremente. Esta estrategia se ha implementado con éxito en el Delta Marsh del sur de Manitoba, Canadá. Allá, excluir las carpas ha <a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2022.992690/full" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">mejorado la calidad del agua y aumentado la cobertura de plantas acuáticas</a>.&nbsp;</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Así parece que, por el problema de las carpas del Lago Helena, una solución es posible. Lo que queda por hacer es transformar el concepto en realidad. Pero mientras tanto, a pesar de las carpas, el Lago Helena y sus humedales circundantes son un tesoro biológico dentro del Valle de Helena.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Helena, el valle de los patos</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="819" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/DSCN0911-1024x819.jpg" alt="The extensive marshes south of Lake Helena." class="wp-image-1344" style="width:515px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/DSCN0911-1024x819.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/DSCN0911-300x240.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/DSCN0911-768x614.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/DSCN0911.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Los humedales extensos al sur del Lago Helena.</figcaption></figure>
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<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">“Helena es muy un valle de patos,” Mark me dice. En efecto, entre el Lago Helena y el <a href="https://ebird.org/hotspot/L158588?yr=all&amp;m=&amp;rank=mrec" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Embalse Regulador de Helena</a>, pajareros han registrado un total impresionante de <strong>33 especies</strong> de patos, gansos y cisnes en el Valle de Helena. </p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">¿Por qué tanta diversidad?&nbsp;</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Se debe al Lago Helena y lugares como esto. Gracias a estos humedales, balsas y aguas abiertas, podemos ver decenas de miles de gallaretas americanas haciendo escala aquí en el otoño. Podemos ver patos frisos y chalcuán tratando de robarles el alimento. Y durante la primavera, podemos buscar grandes bandadas de gansos blancos mientras este lugar se transforme en un “pequeño Lago Freezout.”&nbsp;</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Espero que siempre habrá humedales como estos en el Valle de Helena. Y si logramos excluir las carpas, ¿cuántos patos más podríamos mantener aquí?</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph"><em>La traducción de esta historia al español (cumplida en noviembre de 2023) se debe al apoyo generoso de Lynda Saul. ¡Muchísimas gracias, Lynda, por creer en este proyecto y en la importancia de contar historias bilingües!</em></p>
<p>The post <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2022/10/27/lago-helena-patos/">El Lago Helena y sus patos increíbles</a> appeared first on <a href="https://wildwithnature.com">Wild With Nature</a>.</p>
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