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		<title>How to grow a bird-friendly garden in western Montana</title>
		<link>https://wildwithnature.com/2023/03/24/montana-native-plants-for-birds/</link>
					<comments>https://wildwithnature.com/2023/03/24/montana-native-plants-for-birds/#comments</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Shane Sater]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 24 Mar 2023 18:30:15 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Birds]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[English-language stories]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Plants]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Acanthis flammea]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Alberta beardtongue]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Alnus incana]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Amelanchier alnifolia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[American plum]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Aquilegia flavescens]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Artemisia cana]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Artemisia frigida]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Artemisia ludoviciana]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Artemisia tridentata]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[beebalm]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Betula occidentalis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[big sagebrush]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[black cottonwood]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[blue elderberry]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Bombycilla cedrorum]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Bombycilla garrulus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[bristly gooseberry]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Canada goldenrod]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Cardellina pusilla]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[chokecherry]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[common juniper]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[common snowberry]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[common sunflower]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Cornus sericea]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Fragaria vesca]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Fragaria virginiana]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[fringed sage]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[fuzzy-tongue penstemon]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[gardening]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Geothlypis trichas]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[giant goldenrod]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[golden currant]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[habitat]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Helianthus annuus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Helianthus maximiliani]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Helianthus nuttallii]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[horizontal juniper]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Icterus bullockii]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[insect diversity]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ipomopsis aggregata]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Juniperus horizontalis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Juniperus scopulorum]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Lonicera ciliosa]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Lupinus argenteus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Lupinus sericeus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Maximilian sunflower]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Missouri goldenrod]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Monarda fistulosa]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Myadestes townsendi]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Nootka rose]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Nucifraga columbiana]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Nuttall&#039;s sunflower]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[orange honeysuckle]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Penstemon albertinus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Penstemon eriantherus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Pinus flexilis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Pinus ponderosa]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[plains cottonwood]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Poecile atricapillus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ponderosa pine]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Populus balsamifera]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Populus deltoides]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Populus tremuloides]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Prunus americana]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Prunus virginiana]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[quaking aspen]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[red-osier dogwood]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ribes setosum]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Rocky Mountain juniper]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Rosa nutkana]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Rosa woodsii]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Salix exigua]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Salix scouleriana]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sambucus cerulea]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[sandbar willow]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[scarlet gilia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Scouler&#039;s willow]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[serviceberry]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Setophaga coronata]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Setophaga petechia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Setophaga ruticilla]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Shepherdia argentea]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sialia mexicana]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[silky lupine]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[silver buffaloberry]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[silver sagebrush]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[silvery lupine]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[small-flower beardtongue]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Solidago canadensis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Solidago gigantea]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Solidago missouriensis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sorbus scopulina]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Spinus tristis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Symphoricarpos albus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Symphoricarpos occidentalis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Turdus migratorius]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[western mountain-ash]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[western snowberry]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[western tanager]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[white sagebrush]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[wild strawberry]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Wood&#039;s rose]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[yellow columbine]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Zonotrichia leucophrys]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://wildwithnature.com/?p=2092</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>When you compare the birds of a manicured lawn with those that inhabit a grove of chokecherries, the difference is stark. The lawn might support [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2023/03/24/montana-native-plants-for-birds/">How to grow a bird-friendly garden in western Montana</a> appeared first on <a href="https://wildwithnature.com">Wild With Nature</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<figure class="wp-block-image size-full is-resized"><a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2023/03/24/montana-plantas-nativas-para-aves/"><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" width="706" height="181" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-en-2.jpg" alt="Bilingual nature podcast" class="wp-image-3486" style="width:auto;height:100px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-en-2.jpg 706w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-en-2-300x77.jpg 300w" sizes="(max-width: 706px) 100vw, 706px" /></a></figure>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><iframe style="border-radius:12px" src="https://open.spotify.com/embed/episode/72zazh2hHu9nqy7snFYA6T?utm_source=generator&amp;t=0" width="100%" height="152" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="" allow="autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; fullscreen; picture-in-picture" loading="lazy"></iframe></p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="870" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70973801-1024x870.jpg" alt="A juvenile cedar waxwing eating a chokecherry." class="wp-image-2104" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70973801-1024x870.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70973801-300x255.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70973801-768x653.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70973801.jpg 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A juvenile cedar waxwing eating a chokecherry.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">When you compare the birds of a manicured lawn with those that inhabit a grove of chokecherries, the difference is stark. The lawn might support a few starlings and robins. Perhaps, late in spring migration, a handful of desperate Swainson’s thrushes might stop by. The chokecherries, on the other hand, support an intricate community of life, from two-tailed swallowtail butterflies to dozens of species of songbirds. When the fruits ripen in late summer to a deep, juicy black, they attract cedar waxwings, Townsend’s solitaires, western tanagers, American robins, and house finches. Meanwhile, throughout the growing season, the foliage supports a diversity of insects &#8211; and the birds that eat them. Flitting among the leaves, you can find Wilson’s warblers, ruby-crowned kinglets, yellow-rumped warblers, and warbling vireos.&nbsp;</p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="872" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70017851-1024x872.jpg" alt="A migrating Wilson's warbler in a chokecherry." class="wp-image-2105" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70017851-1024x872.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70017851-300x256.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70017851-768x654.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70017851.jpg 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A migrating Wilson&#8217;s warbler in a chokecherry.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">When we consider the diversity of life around us, it’s easy to see a lot of bad news these days. We’ve lost <a href="https://www.birds.cornell.edu/home/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/DECLINE-OF-NORTH-AMERICAN-AVIFAUNA-SCIENCE-2019.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">2.9 billion breeding birds</a> in North America over the last 50 years. Scientists have reported <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0006320718313636" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">steep declines of once-common insects</a>. But by making a few simple decisions about what we plant in our gardens, we can be part of reversing these trends. In our yards, parks, and neighborhoods, we can provide homes for the birds, bees, and caterpillars. But doing this isn&#8217;t just about avoiding extinctions &#8211; it&#8217;s also a lot of fun.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">This article is focused on plants for bird-friendly gardens in the western half of Montana, USA. If you live elsewhere, the specific plants will be different, but the general recommendations will be the same.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color">Getting started: habitat for birds</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="795" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/59362931-1024x795.jpg" alt="An American robin taking a bath." class="wp-image-2107" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/59362931-1024x795.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/59362931-300x233.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/59362931-768x596.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/59362931.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">An American robin taking a bath.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Every species of bird is unique in its life story. The habitats it uses, the foods it eats, where it nests, whether it migrates &#8211; all of this varies. Nevertheless, all birds need food, shelter, water, and safety from predators. Plants provide excellent food and shelter &#8211; especially particular species of plants that are native to the local landscape. But before we get into the specifics of these plants, let’s consider water and predators.&nbsp;</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Some birds, such as American kestrels, can get most or all of the moisture they need from their food. Otherwise, birds need to drink water. Including a source of water in your garden, such as a regularly cleaned bird bath or a backyard wetland, can attract birds to drink or bathe.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Watch out for predators</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="807" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220523_002444234-1024x807.jpg" alt="An &quot;Acopian bird saver&quot; bird-friendly window in Ruth Swenson's Helena, MT garden." class="wp-image-2150" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220523_002444234-1024x807.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220523_002444234-300x237.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220523_002444234-768x605.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220523_002444234.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">An &#8220;Acopian bird saver&#8221; bird-friendly window in Ruth Swenson&#8217;s Helena, MT garden.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">What about predators in our yards? Outdoor cats are incredibly deadly for neighborhood songbirds. In the United States alone, cats kill <a href="https://abcbirds.org/news/outdoor-cats-single-greatest-source-of-human-caused-mortality-for-birds-and-mammals-says-new-study/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">well over a billion birds a year</a>. This number is so large that it’s almost unimaginable. But there are <em>a lot</em> of outdoor cats in the United States: around 50 million pets, in addition to as many as 100 million feral cats. Managing outdoor cats, <a href="https://www.allaboutbirds.org/news/faq-outdoor-cats-and-their-effects-on-birds/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">especially feral ones</a>, can be a contentious topic. But keeping your own cats indoors is a relatively easy step to take. By doing so, you&#8217;ll help ensure that your bird-friendly garden doesn&#8217;t become a death trap for songbirds.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Windows may not be predators, but they&#8217;re another deadly neighborhood hazard for songbirds. In the United States, they’re estimated to kill <a href="https://bioone.org/journals/the-condor/volume-116/issue-1/CONDOR-13-090.1/Birdbuilding-collisions-in-the-United-States--Estimates-of-annual/10.1650/CONDOR-13-090.1.full" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">over 350 million birds a year</a>. <a href="https://www.allaboutbirds.org/news/why-birds-hit-windows-and-how-you-can-help-prevent-it/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">An article by the Cornell Lab of Ornithology</a> gives an overview of this issue and discusses several solutions. Of these, <a href="https://www.birdsavers.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Acopian Bird Savers</a> are probably one of the most elegant. This is an unobtrusive, low-tech design that consists of vertical rows of cords, spaced four inches apart, that hang from the outside of the window. You can make your own out of parachute cord or bamboo, or you can order them online.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Including different habitat features</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="789" height="1024" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/69595041-789x1024.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-2108" style="width:400px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/69595041-789x1024.jpg 789w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/69595041-231x300.jpg 231w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/69595041-768x997.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/69595041-1183x1536.jpg 1183w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/69595041.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 789px) 100vw, 789px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Clark&#8217;s nutcrackers are common birds in and around conifer forest, but are generally rare away from this habitat.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Broadly speaking, all birds are associated with one or more of three general habitats: forest, prairie, or wetland. What habitats make up the larger landscape surrounding you? The answer to this question will shape the possibilities for your bird-friendly garden.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Is your home in the middle of a Douglas-fir forest, or is it in a valley-bottom subdivision? Clark&#8217;s nutcrackers probably won&#8217;t visit your garden unless you have patches of conifers close to you. Similarly, you probably won’t attract marsh wrens or Wilson’s snipes to your yard unless you live very close to a wetland. Meanwhile, many prairie birds need relatively large patches of grasses and herbs. So unless this describes the area around your house, you probably won’t have grasshopper sparrows or western meadowlarks in your yard. Many birds of thickets and forest edges, on the other hand, will readily use yards during migration or the breeding season. And, of course, there are a variety of birds that use more than one of these habitats.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">In general, in order to make your yard more inviting for birds, it’s worth considering components of all three habitats: forest, prairie, and wetland. A small water feature probably won’t attract Wilson’s snipes &#8211; but, once again, a bit of water in the yard will allow birds to drink and bathe. A prairie patch the size of a front yard is unlikely to bring in grasshopper sparrows, but it will offer important seeds and insects for thicket-edge birds such as chipping sparrows. And patches of native shrubs or trees, such as chokecherries, provide food and cover for a wide diversity of migrating and nesting songbirds.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color">Why native plants?</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="863" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/85451811-1024x863.jpg" alt="A bohemian waxwing feeds on fruits of Russian-olive, an invasive tree." class="wp-image-2109" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/85451811-1024x863.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/85451811-300x253.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/85451811-768x647.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/85451811.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A bohemian waxwing feeding on the fruits of Russian-olive, an invasive tree.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">You’ve probably noticed that I keep mentioning <strong>native</strong> plants for birds. <em>Why does this matter?</em> you might be wondering. Perhaps you’ve noticed that robins and Bohemian waxwings often eat the fruits of Russian-olive (<em>Elaeagnus angustifolia</em>), a frequently-planted invasive that escapes from cultivation to compete with the cottonwoods and willows along our waterways. Or you might have noticed a house finch or pileated woodpecker pecking at an apple, another non-native fruit.&nbsp;</p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="963" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/240159601-1024x963.jpg" alt="A western bluebird feeding on an adult moth. Insects - especially the larvae of butterflies and moths - are critical foods for most of our songbirds." class="wp-image-2110" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/240159601-1024x963.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/240159601-300x282.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/240159601-768x722.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/240159601.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A western bluebird feeding on an adult moth. Insects &#8211; especially the larvae of butterflies and moths &#8211; are critical foods for most of our songbirds.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Yes, there <em>are</em> non-native plants that certain birds will use. But, all things considered, native plants are far superior for our birds. Why? It comes down to food &#8211; and, specifically, insects. Doug Tallamy, a researcher who has spent decades studying birds and insects, writes that 96% of North American land birds rely heavily on insects during the breeding season. Soft, juicy caterpillars are especially important. And whereas native plants have coevolved with native insects, non-native plants are comparative deserts for insect diversity. </p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">A non-native plant like Russian-olive may still provide fruits that feed a few species. But in comparison with a chokecherry or another native plant, it’s much less useful for most of our birds. If you want to attract an abundance of birds to your yard, then native plants are the way to go.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph"><em>Okay, which plants should I plant for the birds?</em> you’re probably asking. Here are some recommendations for western Montana, organized by the foods they provide.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color">Native plants for insects</h3>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">What sorts of native plants provide our birds with the most insects? In order to give region-specific recommendations, Doug Tallamy and Kimberley Shropshire teamed up with the National Wildlife Federation to create <a href="https://www.nwf.org/NativePlantFinder/Plants" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">an interactive website, searchable by zip code</a>. For each zip code, this tool predicts the number of caterpillar species that different native plants will support. And in North America, it turns out, wherever you are, just a handful of native plants support most of the caterpillars.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="821" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/241778961-1024x821.jpg" alt="A western tanager in a native diamond willow (Salix eriocephala)." class="wp-image-2111" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/241778961-1024x821.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/241778961-300x241.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/241778961-768x616.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/241778961.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A western tanager in a native diamond willow (Salix eriocephala).</figcaption></figure>
</div>

<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/163104721-1024x768.jpg" alt="A yellow warbler singing from a chokecherry." class="wp-image-2112" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/163104721-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/163104721-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/163104721-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/163104721.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A yellow warbler singing from a chokecherry.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Around Helena, Montana, willows are at the top of the list. These shrubs host up to 309 species of caterpillars &#8211; juicy protein packets to feed our nesting birds. Many of our native willows grow in wetlands, but <strong>Scouler’s willow (<em>Salix scouleriana</em>)</strong> and <strong>sandbar willow (<em>Salix exigua</em>)</strong> are common species that often grow in somewhat drier areas. </p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Cottonwoods and aspens are also high on the list, hosting up to 245 butterflies and moths. Among the cottonwoods are <strong>black cottonwood (<em>Populus balsamifera</em>)</strong> and <strong>plains cottonwood (<em>Populus deltoides</em>)</strong> &#8211; but keep in mind that these trees are notorious for dropping branches. Meanwhile, <strong>quaking aspen (<em>Populus tremuloides</em>)</strong> forms thickets from underground rhizomes. For these reasons, cottonwoods and aspens are best-suited for larger yards.&nbsp;</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph"><strong>Chokecherry (<em>Prunus virginiana</em>)</strong> and <strong>American plum (<em>Prunus americana</em>)</strong> are thicket-forming shrubs that are excellent for bird habitat. (They support up to 227 species of caterpillars &#8211; and check out <a href="http://wildwithnature.com/2022/06/03/chokecherries-and-birds/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">this article</a> for an exploration of other miniature insects that live on chokecherries.) However, if you live in an area with a high risk of bear conflicts, keep in mind that chokecherries and plums can attract bears when the fruits get ripe in the fall.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Birches, alders, and pines</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="802" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/237377911-1024x802.jpg" alt="A common yellowthroat in a thinleaf alder." class="wp-image-2113" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/237377911-1024x802.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/237377911-300x235.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/237377911-768x602.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/237377911.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A common yellowthroat in a thinleaf alder.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Our native birches host 211 species of caterpillars. <strong>Water birch (<em>Betula occidentalis</em>)</strong> is a small tree that often grows along streams; <strong>paper birch (<em>Betula papyrifera</em>) </strong>gets much larger. And birches do more than just provide lots of insects. Their trunks (like those of cottonwoods and aspens) also make popular homes for cavity-nesting birds like black-capped chickadees and house wrens. (If you don’t want to wait for your trees to grow, the Cornell Lab of Ornithology also provides <a href="https://nestwatch.org/learn/all-about-birdhouses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">thorough instructions for nest box construction</a>.) The related <strong>thinleaf alder (<em>Alnus incana</em>)</strong> is a large shrub or small tree that hosts 196 species of butterflies and moths.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="794" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/73020331-1024x794.jpg" alt="Red crossbills feeding on ponderosa pine cones." class="wp-image-2164" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/73020331-1024x794.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/73020331-300x233.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/73020331-768x595.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/73020331.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Red crossbills feeding on ponderosa pine cones.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Among the conifers, pines (<em>Pinus</em> spp.) are important for caterpillars, supporting up to 188 species. Around Helena, <strong>ponderosa pine (<em>Pinus ponderosa</em>)</strong> and<strong> limber pine (<em>Pinus flexilis</em>)</strong> are good options. However, keep in mind that they grow to be rather large trees. Also, depending on your surroundings, you might not want to plant them near your house due to fire risk.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Goldenrods, strawberries, and more</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="853" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/21_Solidago-gigantea15-1024x853.jpg" alt="A noctuid moth (Euxoa sp.) visiting giant goldenrod flowers." class="wp-image-2114" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/21_Solidago-gigantea15-1024x853.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/21_Solidago-gigantea15-300x250.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/21_Solidago-gigantea15-768x640.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/21_Solidago-gigantea15.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A noctuid moth (Euxoa sp.) visiting giant goldenrod flowers.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">What about herbaceous plants? For caterpillars, goldenrod is at the top of the list, hosting 65 species. Common goldenrods in Montana include <strong>giant goldenrod (<em>Solidago gigantea</em>)</strong>, <strong>Canada goldenrod (<em>Solidago canadensis</em>)</strong>, and <strong>Missouri goldenrod (<em>Solidago missouriensis</em>)</strong>. These plants are commonly blamed for late-summer allergies, but <a href="https://fmr.org/updates/conservation/goldenrod-or-ragweed-which-causes-allergies-and-which-benefits-pollinators" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">this is a myth</a>: the culprits are typically ragweeds (<em>Ambrosia</em> spp.), which bloom around the same time. </p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="824" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/74861251-1024x824.jpg" alt="Many plants that provide insects also provide fruits or seeds. This common redpoll is foraging on a seedhead of big sagebrush, presumably eating the seeds." class="wp-image-2116" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/74861251-1024x824.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/74861251-300x242.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/74861251-768x618.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/74861251.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Many plants that provide insects also provide fruits or seeds. This common redpoll is foraging on a seedhead of big sagebrush, presumably eating the seeds.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Other herbs that support substantial numbers of butterflies and moths are native strawberries and sunflowers. Wild strawberries (<strong><em>Fragaria virginiana</em></strong> and <strong><em>Fragaria vesca</em></strong>) are low-growing; they may not compete well with taller, more vigorous plants. Sunflowers, on the other hand, are both tall and vigorous. In Montana, <strong>common sunflower (<em>Helianthus annuus</em>)</strong> is an abundant annual that often grows along roadsides. We also have two common perennial species, <strong>Nuttall’s sunflower (<em>Helianthus nuttallii</em>)</strong> and <strong>Maximilian sunflower (<em>Helianthus maximiliani</em>)</strong>.&nbsp;</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Lupines and sagebrushes are also worthy of mention, supporting up to 40 and 35 species of caterpillars, respectively. <strong>Silvery lupine (<em>Lupinus argenteus</em>)</strong> and <strong>silky lupine (<em>Lupinus sericeus</em></strong>) are a couple of Montana’s common lupines. Sagebrushes are very diverse in Montana and include shrubs such as <strong>big sagebrush (<em>Artemisia tridentata</em>)</strong> and <strong>silver sagebrush (<em>Artemisia cana</em>)</strong> as well as herbs such as <strong>fringed sage (<em>Artemisia frigida</em>)</strong> and <strong>white sagebrush (<em>Artemisia ludoviciana</em>)</strong>.&nbsp;</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color">Native plants for fruits</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70018061-1024x768.jpg" alt="A white-crowned sparrow eating red-osier dogwood fruits." class="wp-image-2117" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70018061-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70018061-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70018061-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70018061.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A white-crowned sparrow eating red-osier dogwood fruits.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">I’ve already mentioned chokecherry for the diversity of insects that it hosts. In addition to the insects, this shrub is also a phenomenal fall fruit resource for cedar waxwings, American robins, and many other birds. And besides chokecherry, there’s a wide selection of other native fruits that attract birds, from July onwards through the winter. Many of these plants also host a notable diversity of caterpillars (though they support fewer species of caterpillars than the shrubs and trees I’ve already mentioned).</p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="838" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/63690211-1024x838.jpg" alt="A cedar waxwing feeding on golden currant fruits." class="wp-image-2138" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/63690211-1024x838.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/63690211-300x246.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/63690211-768x628.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/63690211.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A cedar waxwing feeding on golden currant fruits.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph"><strong>Red-osier dogwood (<em>Cornus sericea</em>) </strong>offers clusters of small white fruits from mid-summer through fall. Gray catbirds and white-crowned sparrows are among the birds that feed on them. This medium-sized shrub also has brilliant red fall foliage. </p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">The native currants &#8211; such as <strong>golden currant (<em>Ribes aureum</em>)</strong> and <strong>bristly gooseberry (<em>Ribes setosum</em>)</strong> &#8211; are some of the earliest fruits to ripen in the summer. They provide a tasty snack for birds and people alike. <strong>Serviceberry (<em>Amelanchier alnifolia</em>)</strong> is another popular summer fruit for cedar waxwings, western tanagers, and thrushes.&nbsp;</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Elderberry, snowberry, and more</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200921_184528038-1024x768.jpg" alt="Silver buffaloberry (Shepherdia argentea)." class="wp-image-2157" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200921_184528038-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200921_184528038-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200921_184528038-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200921_184528038.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Silver buffaloberry (Shepherdia argentea).</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph"><strong>Blue elderberry (<em>Sambucus cerulea</em>)</strong> ripens in the fall, as does <strong>western mountain-ash (<em>Sorbus scopulina</em>)</strong>. The snowberries &#8211; <strong>common snowberry (<em>Symphoricarpos albus</em>)</strong> and <strong>western snowberry (<em>Symphoricarpos occidentalis</em>)</strong> &#8211; also ripen in the fall, but their fruits stick around through the winter. So do the wild roses, such as <strong>Woods’ rose (<em>Rosa woodsii</em>)</strong> and <strong>Nootka rose (<em>Rosa nutkana</em>)</strong>. <strong>Silver buffaloberry (<em>Shepherdia argentea</em>)</strong> is a great fall fruit that sometimes remains through mid-winter. Note that this is a large, thorny bush, though, and separate male and female plants are needed for pollination.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="769" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/69356431-1024x769.jpg" alt="A Townsend's solitaire feeding on Rocky Mountain juniper fruits." class="wp-image-2118" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/69356431-1024x769.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/69356431-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/69356431-768x577.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/69356431.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A Townsend&#8217;s solitaire feeding on Rocky Mountain juniper fruits.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph"><strong>Rocky Mountain juniper (</strong><strong><em>Juniperus scopulorum</em></strong><strong>) </strong>is a tall shrub that provides winter “berries” (actually fleshy cones) for Bohemian waxwings, Townsend’s solitaires, and American robins. Keep in mind that juniper, like silver buffaloberry, has separate male and female plants, so you’ll need both in your general area for pollination to occur. Juniper is also highly flammable &#8211; so it’s probably not a good idea to plant it in areas with high fire risk. Montana also has two lower-growing juniper species that provide options for smaller spaces: <strong>horizontal juniper (</strong><strong><em>Juniperus horizontalis</em></strong><strong>)</strong> and <strong>common juniper (</strong><strong><em>Juniperus communis</em></strong><strong>)</strong>.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color">Native plants for seeds</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="824" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/384210431-1024x824.jpg" alt="An American goldfinch feeding on late-fall seeds of common sunflower." class="wp-image-2119" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/384210431-1024x824.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/384210431-300x242.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/384210431-768x618.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/384210431.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">An American goldfinch feeding on late-fall seeds of common sunflower.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Many birds &#8211; such as American goldfinches, American tree sparrows, and pine siskins &#8211; commonly feed on seeds. In the case of sparrows, it’s often hard to see exactly what they’re eating, since they feed on the ground. Nevertheless, a few seed-bearing plants are especially noteworthy for the birds they attract. Montana’s native sunflowers &#8211; the annual <strong>common sunflower</strong> and the perennial<strong> Nuttall’s </strong>and <strong>Maximilian sunflowers </strong>&#8211; reliably attract goldfinches and pine siskins when their seeds ripen in the fall. Our pines, such as <strong>ponderosa</strong> and <strong>limber pine</strong>, feed nomadic groups of conifer-seed specialists such as red crossbills and Clark’s nutcrackers. <strong>Thinleaf alder, water birch,</strong> and <strong>paper birch</strong> provide winter seeds that often attract common redpolls and pine siskins.&nbsp;And many other native plants, from asters to grasses, also produce seeds that various finches and sparrows may use.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color">Native plants for nectar</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220608_233105315-1024x768.jpg" alt="Fuzzy-tongue penstemon." class="wp-image-2120" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220608_233105315-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220608_233105315-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220608_233105315-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220608_233105315.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Fuzzy-tongue penstemon.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">What about hummingbirds? These tiny, beloved hoverers often catch tiny insects &#8211; so providing habitat for insects is important to them, too. In addition, they’re well-known for their nectar-feeding habits. A variety of native plants with long, tubular flowers are popular hummingbird plants. These include <strong>orange honeysuckle (<em>Lonicera ciliosa</em>)</strong>, <strong>yellow columbine (<em>Aquilegia flavescens</em>)</strong>, <strong>scarlet gilia (<em>Ipomopsis aggregata</em>)</strong>, <strong>beebalm (<em>Monarda fistulosa</em>)</strong>, and the penstemons. Among western Montana&#8217;s common penstemons are <strong>Alberta beardtongue (<em>Penstemon albertinus</em>)</strong>, <strong>fuzzy-tongue penstemon (<em>Penstemon eriantherus</em>)</strong>, and <strong>small-flower beardtongue (<em>Penstemon procerus</em>)</strong>.&nbsp;In addition, some of the plants I&#8217;ve already mentioned for insects or fruits &#8211; such as golden currant &#8211; are popular nectar sources for hummingbirds.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color">Obtaining plants</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/252690541-1024x768.jpg" alt="A black-capped chickadee foraging for insects on serviceberry." class="wp-image-2121" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/252690541-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/252690541-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/252690541-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/252690541-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/252690541-2048x1536.jpg 2048w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A black-capped chickadee foraging for insects on serviceberry.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Where can you find these plants? Some local nurseries, such as <a href="https://www.gardenwerks.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">GardenWerks</a> in Helena, carry a limited selection of native plants. In addition, I was able to find three retail nurseries in western and central Montana that offer a wide selection of natives:&nbsp;</p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li><strong>Blake Nursery</strong>, Big Timber, MT: <a href="https://www.blakenursery.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.blakenursery.com/</a></li>



<li><strong>Center for Native Plants</strong>, Whitefish, MT: <a href="https://centerfornativeplants.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://centerfornativeplants.com/</a></li>



<li><strong>Pipilo Native Plants</strong>, Charlo, MT: <a href="https://www.pipilonatives.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.pipilonatives.com/</a></li>
</ul>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">(A fourth nursery, Southwest Montana Native Landscapes, has unfortunately closed, though it still shows up on a Google search.)</p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="777" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/59362881-1024x777.jpg" alt="A Bullock's oriole in a black cottonwood." class="wp-image-2122" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/59362881-1024x777.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/59362881-300x228.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/59362881-768x582.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/59362881.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A Bullock&#8217;s oriole in a black cottonwood.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">To find out more, I contacted these nurseries and asked them which plants they stock, of those I list in this article. <a href="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Native-plants-for-birds.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Find their responses here</a>.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">In addition to these retail nurseries, there are a few other commercial sources of native plants in western Montana. For larger projects, the <a href="https://dnrc.mt.gov/Forestry/Conservation-Nursery/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Montana Conservation Seedling Nursery</a> and <a href="https://www.greatbearnativeplants.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Great Bear Native Plants</a> accept wholesale orders. And if you want to start your own plants, <a href="https://nativeideals.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Native Ideals</a> sells locally grown seeds for a variety of Montana species. </p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200926_181848814-1024x768.jpg" alt="American plum." class="wp-image-2160" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200926_181848814-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200926_181848814-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200926_181848814-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200926_181848814.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">American plum.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Note that certain nurseries that don&#8217;t specialize in native plants may “stretch” the concept of &#8220;native&#8221; to include species that aren’t from Montana. For example, <em>Penstemon strictus</em> is sometimes sold as a native plant, but it grows in the wild in the southern Rocky Mountains and doesn’t reach Montana. When in doubt, look a plant up on the Montana Natural Heritage Program’s <a href="https://fieldguide.mt.gov/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Montana Field Guide</a> to learn about its status in the state, or check out the Biota of North America Program’s <a href="http://bonap.net/NAPA/Genus/Traditional/County" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">county-level range maps</a>. These maps are organized by genus and show the distribution, by county, of all wild and naturalized plants in the United States.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color">The bird-friendly garden</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="874" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/238615571-1024x874.jpg" alt="An American redstart in an aspen." class="wp-image-2123" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/238615571-1024x874.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/238615571-300x256.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/238615571-768x655.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/238615571.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">An American redstart in an aspen.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Is this a comprehensive list of all of the plants that are important for bird-friendly gardening in Montana? <em>No!</em> I’ve neglected to mention native maples (<em>Acer</em> spp.), raspberries (<em>Rubus </em>spp.), hawthorns (<em>Crataegus</em> spp.), and many others. </p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">When it comes to growing habitat for birds, there are always more plants you can add. But even if you do nothing more than add a patch of chokecherries and a handful of goldenrods to your yard, where previously there was just lawn, you&#8217;ll have made a good start. As the chokecherries leaf out in the spring, wait for the yellow-rumped warblers to appear, hunting insects. When the fruits ripen in the fall, look for the flocks of cedar waxwings and robins. And if you have the space in your yard to include all of the plants I&#8217;ve mentioned here, along with a water source&#8230; in a few years, your yard will be a paradise for birds. </p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph"><em>This story was produced with support from the <a href="https://goldcountrymg.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Gold Country Master Gardener Association</a>.</em></p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color">Further reading</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="869" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/158204741-1024x869.jpg" alt="A yellow-rumped warbler in a willow." class="wp-image-2126" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/158204741-1024x869.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/158204741-300x255.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/158204741-768x652.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/158204741.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">A yellow-rumped warbler in a willow.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Acopian Bird Savers: prevent birds from flying into windows. Retrieved from <a href="https://www.birdsavers.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.birdsavers.com/</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">American Bird Conservancy. (2013, January 29). Outdoor cats: single greatest source of human-caused mortality for birds and mammals, says new study. Retrieved from <a href="https://abcbirds.org/news/outdoor-cats-single-greatest-source-of-human-caused-mortality-for-birds-and-mammals-says-new-study/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://abcbirds.org/news/outdoor-cats-single-greatest-source-of-human-caused-mortality-for-birds-and-mammals-says-new-study/</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Biota of North America Program. (2014). BONAP’s North American Plant Atlas (NAPA). Retrieved from <a href="http://bonap.net/NAPA/Genus/Traditional/County" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://bonap.net/NAPA/Genus/Traditional/County</a></p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200910_131503868-1024x768.jpg" alt="Wetland habitat: a beaver dam with common cattail (Typha latifolia) and sandbar willow." class="wp-image-2161" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200910_131503868-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200910_131503868-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200910_131503868-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200910_131503868.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Wetland habitat: a beaver dam with common cattail (Typha latifolia) and sandbar willow. This area is home to red-winged blackbirds, Wilson&#8217;s snipes, song sparrows, common yellowthroats, and more.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Center for Native Plants. (n.d.) Our most bird friendly species. Retrieved from <a href="https://centerfornativeplants.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/cnp_plantselection_birds-1.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://centerfornativeplants.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/cnp_plantselection_birds-1.pdf</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Cornell Lab of Ornithology. (2016, December 5). FAQ: Outdoor cats and their effects on birds. Retrieved from <a href="https://www.allaboutbirds.org/news/faq-outdoor-cats-and-their-effects-on-birds/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.allaboutbirds.org/news/faq-outdoor-cats-and-their-effects-on-birds/</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Cornell Lab of Ornithology. (2023). All about birdhouses. Retrieved from <a href="https://nestwatch.org/learn/all-about-birdhouses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://nestwatch.org/learn/all-about-birdhouses/</a></p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><a href="http://wildwithnature.com/2022/06/10/life-at-plant-speed/"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="722" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220608_235306800.MP_-1024x722.jpg" alt="Native grassland habitats can host extremely diverse plant communities. This rocky hilltop community includes cutleaf daisy (Erigeron compositus), Sandberg bluegrass (Poa secunda), white-margined phlox (Phlox albomarginata), and stemless goldenweed (Stenotus acaulis)." class="wp-image-2162" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220608_235306800.MP_-1024x722.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220608_235306800.MP_-300x212.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220608_235306800.MP_-768x541.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220608_235306800.MP_.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Native prairie habitats can host extremely diverse plant communities. <a href="http://wildwithnature.com/2022/06/10/life-at-plant-speed/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">This rocky hilltop community</a> includes cutleaf daisy (Erigeron compositus), Sandberg bluegrass (Poa secunda), white-margined phlox (Phlox albomarginata), and stemless goldenweed (Stenotus acaulis). Common grassland-nesting birds in western Montana include western meadowlarks and vesper sparrows. A yard-sized patch of prairie probably won&#8217;t attract these birds unless you live within a larger patch of grassland &#8211; but chipping sparrows, goldfinches, and more will likely show up to feed on seeds and insects.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Cornell Lab of Ornithology. (2023, February 24). Why birds hit windows &#8211; and how you can help prevent it. Retrieved from <a href="https://www.allaboutbirds.org/news/why-birds-hit-windows-and-how-you-can-help-prevent-it/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.allaboutbirds.org/news/why-birds-hit-windows-and-how-you-can-help-prevent-it/</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Friends of the Mississippi River. (2022). Goldenrod or ragweed: which causes allergies and which benefits pollinators? Retrieved from <a href="https://fmr.org/updates/conservation/goldenrod-or-ragweed-which-causes-allergies-and-which-benefits-pollinators" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://fmr.org/updates/conservation/goldenrod-or-ragweed-which-causes-allergies-and-which-benefits-pollinators</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Loss, S.R., Will, T., Loss, S.S., &amp; Marra, P.P. (2014). Bird-building collisions in the United States: estimates of annual mortality and species vulnerability. <em>The Condor</em> 116(1):8-23. Retrieved from <a href="https://bioone.org/journals/the-condor/volume-116/issue-1/CONDOR-13-090.1/Birdbuilding-collisions-in-the-United-States--Estimates-of-annual/10.1650/CONDOR-13-090.1.full" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://bioone.org/journals/the-condor/volume-116/issue-1/CONDOR-13-090.1/Birdbuilding-collisions-in-the-United-States&#8211;Estimates-of-annual/10.1650/CONDOR-13-090.1.full</a></p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/S36769226_Riparian-1024x768.jpg" alt="Native shrub thickets such as this one host an incredible diversity of birds. This thicket includes red-osier dogwood, western snowberry, and thinleaf alder. Common summer birds here include yellow warblers, gray catbirds, cedar waxwings, and song sparrows." class="wp-image-2163" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/S36769226_Riparian-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/S36769226_Riparian-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/S36769226_Riparian-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/S36769226_Riparian.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Native shrub thickets such as this one host an incredible diversity of birds. This thicket includes red-osier dogwood, western snowberry, and thinleaf alder. Common summer birds here include yellow warblers, gray catbirds, cedar waxwings, and song sparrows.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Montana Natural Heritage Program. (n.d.). Montana Field Guide. Montana State Library. Retrieved from <a href="https://fieldguide.mt.gov/default.aspx" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://fieldguide.mt.gov/default.aspx</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Narango, D.L., Tallamy, D.W., &amp; Shropshire, K.J. (2020). Few keystone plant genera support the majority of Lepidoptera species. <em>Nature Communications</em> 11:5751. Retrieved from <a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/345818119_Few_keystone_plant_genera_support_the_majority_of_Lepidoptera_species" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.researchgate.net/publication/345818119_Few_keystone_plant_genera_support_the_majority_of_Lepidoptera_species</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">National Wildlife Federation. (2023). Native plants (by zip code). Retrieved from <a href="https://www.nwf.org/NativePlantFinder/Plants" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.nwf.org/NativePlantFinder/Plants</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Rosenberg, K.V., Dokter, A.M., Blancher, P.J., Sauer, J.R., Smith, A.C., Smith, P.A., … Marra, P.P. (2019). Decline of the North American avifauna. <em>Science </em>366:120-124. Retrieved from <a href="https://www.birds.cornell.edu/home/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/DECLINE-OF-NORTH-AMERICAN-AVIFAUNA-SCIENCE-2019.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.birds.cornell.edu/home/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/DECLINE-OF-NORTH-AMERICAN-AVIFAUNA-SCIENCE-2019.pdf</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Sánchez-Bayo, F. &amp; Wyckhuys, K.A.G. (2019). Worldwide decline of the entomofauna: a review of its drivers. <em>Biological Conservation</em> 232: 8-27. Retrieved from <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0006320718313636" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0006320718313636</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Smallwood, J.A. &amp; Bird, D.M. (2020). American kestrel (<em>Falco sparverius</em>), version 1.0. <em>In</em> Birds of the World (A.F. Poole &amp; F.B. Gill, editors). Ithaca, NY: Cornell Lab of Ornithology. Retrieved from <a href="https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/amekes/cur/introduction" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/amekes/cur/introduction</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Tallamy, D.W. (2019). <em>Nature’s best hope: a new approach to conservation that starts in your yard.</em> Portland, OR: Timber Press.</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2023/03/24/montana-native-plants-for-birds/">How to grow a bird-friendly garden in western Montana</a> appeared first on <a href="https://wildwithnature.com">Wild With Nature</a>.</p>
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			<slash:comments>9</slash:comments>
		
		
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		<item>
		<title>Cómo cultivar un jardín para las aves en el occidente de Montana</title>
		<link>https://wildwithnature.com/2023/03/24/montana-plantas-nativas-para-aves/</link>
					<comments>https://wildwithnature.com/2023/03/24/montana-plantas-nativas-para-aves/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Shane Sater]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 24 Mar 2023 09:05:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Aves]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Historias en español]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Plantas]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Acanthis flammea]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Alberta beardtongue]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Alnus incana]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Amelanchier alnifolia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[American plum]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Aquilegia flavescens]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Artemisia cana]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Artemisia frigida]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Artemisia ludoviciana]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[beebalm]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Betula occidentalis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[big sagebrush]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[black cottonwood]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[blue elderberry]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Bombycilla cedrorum]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Bombycilla garrulus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[bristly gooseberry]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Canada goldenrod]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Cardellina pusilla]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[chokecherry]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[common juniper]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[common snowberry]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[common sunflower]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Cornus sericea]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Fragaria vesca]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[fringed sage]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[fuzzy-tongue penstemon]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[gardening]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Geothlypis trichas]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[giant goldenrod]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[golden currant]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[habitat]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Helianthus annuus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Helianthus maximiliani]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Helianthus nuttallii]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[horizontal juniper]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Icterus bullockii]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[insect diversity]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ipomopsis aggregata]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Juniperus horizontalis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Lonicera ciliosa]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Lupinus argenteus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Lupinus sericeus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Maximilian sunflower]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Missouri goldenrod]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Monarda fistulosa]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Myadestes townsendi]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Nuttall&#039;s sunflower]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[orange honeysuckle]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Penstemon albertinus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Penstemon eriantherus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Pinus flexilis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Pinus ponderosa]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[plains cottonwood]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Poecile atricapillus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ponderosa pine]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Populus balsamifera]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Populus deltoides]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Populus tremuloides]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Prunus americana]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Prunus virginiana]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[quaking aspen]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[red-osier dogwood]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ribes setosum]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Rocky Mountain juniper]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Rosa nutkana]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Rosa woodsii]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Salix exigua]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Salix scouleriana]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sambucus cerulea]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[sandbar willow]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[scarlet gilia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Scouler&#039;s willow]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[serviceberry]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Setophaga petechia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Setophaga ruticilla]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Shepherdia argentea]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sialia mexicana]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[silky lupine]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[silver buffaloberry]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[silver sagebrush]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Spinus tristis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Symphoricarpos albus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Symphoricarpos occidentalis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Turdus migratorius]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[western mountain-ash]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[western snowberry]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[western tanager]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[white sagebrush]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[wild strawberry]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Wood&#039;s rose]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[yellow columbine]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Zonotrichia leucophrys]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://wildwithnature.com/?p=2153</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Cuando comparas las aves de un césped cortado con las que viven en un parche de capulines (Prunus virginiana), la diferencia es fuerte. Tal vez [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2023/03/24/montana-plantas-nativas-para-aves/">Cómo cultivar un jardín para las aves en el occidente de Montana</a> appeared first on <a href="https://wildwithnature.com">Wild With Nature</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<figure class="wp-block-image size-full is-resized"><a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2023/03/24/montana-native-plants-for-birds/"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="734" height="188" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-es-2.jpg" alt="Podcast bilingüe de la naturaleza" class="wp-image-3489" style="width:auto;height:100px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-es-2.jpg 734w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/bilingual-es-2-300x77.jpg 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 734px) 100vw, 734px" /></a></figure>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><iframe style="border-radius:12px" src="https://open.spotify.com/embed/episode/0wNCCVGqs4qunaX8xuJW4P?utm_source=generator&amp;t=0" width="100%" height="152" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="" allow="autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; fullscreen; picture-in-picture" loading="lazy"></iframe></p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="870" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70973801-1024x870.jpg" alt="A juvenile cedar waxwing eating a chokecherry." class="wp-image-2104" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70973801-1024x870.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70973801-300x255.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70973801-768x653.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70973801.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Un chinito joven comiendo una fruta del capulín.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Cuando comparas las aves de un césped cortado con las que viven en un parche de capulines (<em>Prunus virginiana</em>), la diferencia es fuerte. Tal vez el césped mantendría a unos estorninos pintos (<em>Sturnus vulgaris</em>) y mirlos primavera (<em>Turdus migratorius</em>). Es posible que, al final de la migración primaveral, unos desesperados zorzales de anteojos (<em>Catharus ustulatus</em>) pudieran pasar por ahí. </p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="872" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70017851-1024x872.jpg" alt="A migrating Wilson's warbler in a chokecherry." class="wp-image-2105" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70017851-1024x872.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70017851-300x256.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70017851-768x654.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70017851.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Un chipe corona negra en un capulín durante la migración.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Los capulines, por otro lado, mantienen una intrincada comunidad de vida, desde la mariposa cometa xochiquetzal (<em>Papilio multicaudata</em>) hasta docenas de especies de aves. Cuando las frutas maduran a ser jugosas y de color negro profundo al final del verano, atraen chinitos (<em>Bombycilla cedrorum</em>), clarines norteños (<em>Myadestes townsendii</em>), pirangas capucha roja (<em>Piranga ludoviciana</em>), mirlos primavera y pinzones mexicanos (<em>Haemorhous mexicanus</em>). Por otra parte, a través de la estación de crecimiento, las hojas mantienen diversos insectos &#8211; y las aves que los comen. Puedes ver chipes corona negra (<em>Cardellina pusilla</em>) revoloteando por las hojas, así como reyezuelos matraquita (<em>Regulus calendula</em>), chipes rabadilla amarilla (<em>Setophaga coronata</em>) y vireos gorjeadores (<em>Vireo gilvus</em>).</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Cuando consideramos la diversidad de la vida cerca de nosotros, es fácil ver varias malas noticias en esa época. Durante los últimos 50 años, hemos perdido <a href="https://www.birds.cornell.edu/home/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/DECLINE-OF-NORTH-AMERICAN-AVIFAUNA-SCIENCE-2019.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">2,9 mil millones de aves reproductoras</a> en Norteamérica. A la vez, científicos en varias partes del mundo han reportado <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0006320718313636" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">declives rápidos de insectos que solían ser comunes</a>. Sin embargo, al tomar algunas simples decisiones sobre lo que vamos a cultivar en nuestros jardines, podemos contribuir en revertir estas tendencias. En nuestros jardines, parques y vecindarios, podemos proveer hogares para las aves, las abejas y las orugas. Y hacerlo no sólo tiene que ver con evitar extinciones &#8211; también es algo muy divertido.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Este artículo se enfoca en las plantas que podemos cultivar para las aves en la mitad occidental de Montana, EE.UU. Si vives en otra región, las plantas específicas serán diferentes, pero las recomendaciones generales serán las mismas. </p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color">Empezando: el hábitat para las aves</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="795" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/59362931-1024x795.jpg" alt="An American robin taking a bath." class="wp-image-2107" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/59362931-1024x795.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/59362931-300x233.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/59362931-768x596.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/59362931.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Un mirlo primavera bañándose.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Cada especie de ave tiene su propia historia de vida. Los hábitats que usa, dónde anida, si emigra o no &#8211; todo esto varía. Sin embargo, todas las aves necesitan comida, abrigo, agua y seguridad contra los depredadores. Las plantas &#8211; en concreto, especies particulares de plantas nativas al paisaje local &#8211; ofrecen buena comida y abrigo. Pero antes de que pongamos atención a los detalles de estas plantas, consideremos el agua y los depredadores.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Algunas aves, como los cernícalos americanos (<em>Falco sparverius</em>), pueden conseguir en su comida más o menos toda la humedad que necesitan. El resto de las aves tienen que beber agua. Si incluyes una provisión de agua en tu jardín, tal como un baño de aves que limpias regularmente o un humedal pequeño, puedes atraer las aves a beber o bañarse.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Ten cuidado con los depredadores</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="807" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220523_002444234-1024x807.jpg" alt="An &quot;Acopian bird saver&quot; bird-friendly window in Ruth Swenson's Helena, MT garden." class="wp-image-2150" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220523_002444234-1024x807.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220523_002444234-300x237.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220523_002444234-768x605.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220523_002444234.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Una ventana buena para aves en el jardín de Ruth Swenson en Helena, MT.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">¿Qué hay de los depredadores en nuestros jardines? Los gatos domésticos al aire libre pueden ser increíblemente letales para las aves cantoras en los vecindarios. Sólo en los Estados Unidos, los gatos domésticos matan a <a href="https://abcbirds.org/news/outdoor-cats-single-greatest-source-of-human-caused-mortality-for-birds-and-mammals-says-new-study/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">más de mil millones de aves cada año</a>. Este número es tan grande que es casi inimaginable. No obstante, hay <em>muchos</em> gatos domésticos al aire libre en los Estados Unidos: cerca de 50 millones como mascotas, además de hasta 100 millones de gatos ferales. Manejar estos gatos, <a href="https://www.allaboutbirds.org/news/faq-outdoor-cats-and-their-effects-on-birds/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">especialmente los ferales</a>, puede ser un asunto de disputa. Pero mantener tus propios gatos dentro de la casa es un paso relativamente fácil. Haciendo esto, vas a hacer que tu jardín no sea una trampa letal para las aves cantoras.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Las ventanas no son depredadores, pero son otro letal peligro para las aves cantoras en el vecindario. En los Estados Unidos, se estima que matan <a href="https://bioone.org/journals/the-condor/volume-116/issue-1/CONDOR-13-090.1/Birdbuilding-collisions-in-the-United-States--Estimates-of-annual/10.1650/CONDOR-13-090.1.full" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">más de 350 millones de aves cada año</a>. <a href="https://www.allaboutbirds.org/news/why-birds-hit-windows-and-how-you-can-help-prevent-it/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Un artículo por el Cornell Lab of Ornithology</a> resume este tema y presenta algunas soluciones. De estas, probablemente <a href="https://www.birdsavers.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">los Salvapájaros Acopianos</a> son una de las más elegantes. Este discreto diseño de baja tecnología consiste en hileras verticales de cuerdas, separadas por cuatro pulgadas, que cuelgan del exterior de una ventana. Puedes construirlos por ti mismo usando cualquier cuerda o bambú, o puedes comprarlos en línea.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Incluyendo características de hábitats diferentes</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="789" height="1024" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/69595041-789x1024.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-2108" style="width:400px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/69595041-789x1024.jpg 789w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/69595041-231x300.jpg 231w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/69595041-768x997.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/69595041-1183x1536.jpg 1183w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/69595041.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 789px) 100vw, 789px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Los cascanueces americanos son aves comunes en el bosque conífero, pero están raros fuera de este hábitat.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Hablando en general, todas las aves están asociadas con uno o más de tres grandes hábitats: el bosque, la pradera o el humedal. ¿Cuáles de estos hábitats forman el paisaje cerca de ti? La respuesta a esta pregunta va a influir en las posibilidades para tu jardín para las aves.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">¿Vives en el medio de un bosque del ayarín (<em>Pseudotsuga menziesii</em>), o en una zona residencial en el valle? Los cascanueces americanos (<em>Nucifraga columbiana</em>) probablemente no vayan a visitar tu jardín a menos que tengas parches de coníferos cerca de ti. Igualmente, es probable que no vayas a atraer ni saltaparedes pantaneros (<em>Cistothorus palustris</em>) ni agachonas norteamericanas (<em>Gallinago delicata</em>) a menos que vivas cerca de un humedal. </p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Por otra parte, la mayoría de las aves que viven en las praderas necesitan relativamente amplios espacios abiertos con gramíneas y hierbas. Por eso, a menos que esto describa el área cerca de tu casa, es probable que no tendrás gorriones chapulín (<em>Ammodramus savannarum</em>) ni praderos del oeste (<em>Sturnella neglecta</em>) en tu jardín. Mientras tanto, varias aves de matorrales o de los bordes de los bosques sí usarán jardines durante la migración o la estación reproductiva. Y, por supuesto, hay varias especies que usan más de uno de estos hábitats.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Generalmente, para hacer que tu jardín invite más a las aves, vale considerar componentes de estos tres hábitats: el bosque, la pradera y el humedal. Es poco probable que un estanque pequeño atraerá las agachonas norteamericanas &#8211; pero, otra vez, el agua hará que las aves puedan beber y bañarse. Tampoco es probable que un pequeño parche de pradera mantendrá a gorriones chapulín, pero ofrecerá importantes semillas e insectos a las aves del borde del matorral, tales como los gorriones cejas blancas (<em>Spizella passerina</em>). Y los parches de nativos árboles y arbustos, como los capulines, van a proveer comida y abrigo para diversas aves migratorias y reproductivas.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color">¿Por qué las plantas nativas?</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="863" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/85451811-1024x863.jpg" alt="A bohemian waxwing feeds on fruits of Russian-olive, an invasive tree." class="wp-image-2109" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/85451811-1024x863.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/85451811-300x253.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/85451811-768x647.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/85451811.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Un ampelis europeo comiendo las frutas del árbol del paraíso, un árbol invasor.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Probablemente te hayas dado cuenta de que sigo mencionando las plantas <strong>nativas</strong> para las aves. <em>¿Por qué eso sería importante?</em> podrías preguntarte. Tal vez hayas notado que los mirlos primavera y los ampelis europeos (<em>Bombycilla garrulus</em>) suelen comer las frutas del árbol del paraíso (<em>Elaeagnus angustifolia</em>), una planta invasora frecuentemente cultivada que a menudo escapa del cultivo para competir contra los álamos y sauces nativos en nuestras riberas. O quizás hayas observado un pinzón mexicano (<em>Haemorhous mexicanus</em>) o un picamaderos norteamericano (<em>Dryocopus pileatus</em>) picoteando una manzana &#8211; otra fruta no nativa.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="963" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/240159601-1024x963.jpg" alt="A western bluebird feeding on an adult moth. Insects - especially the larvae of butterflies and moths - are critical foods for most of our songbirds." class="wp-image-2110" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/240159601-1024x963.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/240159601-300x282.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/240159601-768x722.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/240159601.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Un azulejo garganta azul alimentándose con una polilla adulta. Los insectos &#8211; especialmente las larvas de las mariposas y las polillas &#8211; son recursos esenciales para la mayoría de nuestras aves cantoras.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Sí, claro que <em>hay</em> plantas no nativas que algunas aves usarán. Pero en conjunto, las plantas nativas son bastante superiores para nuestras aves. ¿Por qué? Tiene que ver con la comida &#8211; y específicamente, los insectos. Doug Tallamy, un investigador que ha pasado décadas estudiando las aves y los insectos, escribe que el 96% de las aves terrestres norteamericanas depende muchísimo de los insectos durante la estación reproductiva. Las orugas blandas y jugosas son especialmente importantes. Y mientras que las plantas nativas han coevolucionado con los insectos nativos, en comparación las plantas no nativas son un desierto para la diversidad de insectos.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Puede ser que una planta no nativa como el árbol del paraíso siga proveyendo frutas que alimenten algunas especies. Pero comparado con un capulín u otra planta nativa, es mucho menos útil para la mayoría de nuestras aves. Si quieres atraer una abundancia de aves a tu jardín, las plantas nativas te ayudarán mucho.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph"><em>Dale, ¿cuáles especies debo plantar para las aves?</em> podrías estar preguntando. Acá están algunas recomendaciones para el occidente de Montana, organizadas según los tipos de alimento que proveen.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color">Plantas nativas para los insectos</h3>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">¿Cuáles plantas nativas les proveen la mayor cantidad de insectos a nuestras aves? Para hacer recomendaciones para regiones diferentes, Doug Tallamy y Kimberley Shropshire colaboraron con el National Wildlife Federation para crear <a href="https://www.nwf.org/NativePlantFinder/Plants" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">un sitio web interactivo que se puede buscar por el código postal</a>. Por cada código postal, esta herramienta predice cuántas especies de orugas cada planta nativa mantendrá. Y resulta que, en cualquier región de Norteamérica en la que estés, solamente unas especies de plantas nativas mantienen la mayoría de las orugas.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="821" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/241778961-1024x821.jpg" alt="A western tanager in a native diamond willow (Salix eriocephala)." class="wp-image-2111" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/241778961-1024x821.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/241778961-300x241.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/241778961-768x616.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/241778961.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Una piranga capucha roja en un sauce nativo (<em>Salix eriocephala</em>).</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Cerca de Helena, Montana, los sauces (<em>Salix</em> spp.) encabezan la lista. Estos arbustos acogen hasta 309 especies de orugas &#8211; jugosos sacos de proteína para alimentar nuestras aves reproductivas. Muchos de nuestros sauces nativos crecen en humedales, pero <strong><em>Salix scouleriana</em> </strong>y <strong><em>Salix exigua</em> </strong>son especies comunes que suelen crecer en áreas más secas.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/163104721-1024x768.jpg" alt="A yellow warbler singing from a chokecherry." class="wp-image-2112" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/163104721-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/163104721-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/163104721-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/163104721.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Un chipe amarillo cantando en un capulín.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Los álamos (<em>Populus</em> spp.) también son muy importantes para las orugas, manteniendo hasta 245 especies. Entre ellos están las especies <em><strong>Populus balsamifera</strong></em> y <em><strong>Populus deltoides</strong></em> &#8211; pero fíjate en que estos árboles son reconocidos por caersele las ramas. Otra opción es <strong>el álamo temblón (<em>Populus tremuloides</em>)</strong>, pero esta especie forma matorrales por sus rizomas subterráneos. Por estas razones, los álamos son más apropiados en espacios grandes.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph"><strong>El capulín (<em>Prunus virginiana</em>) </strong>y<strong> la ciruela americana (<em>Prunus americana</em>)</strong> forman matorrales y son arbustos excelentes para el hábitat de las aves. (Albergan hasta 227 especies de orugas &#8211; y ve <a href="http://wildwithnature.com/2022/06/03/chokecherries-and-birds/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">este artículo</a> por una exploración de los otros minúsculos insectos que viven en los capulines). Sin embargo, si vives en un área con alto riesgo de conflictos con los osos, fíjate en que los capulines y las ciruelas pueden atraer osos cuando las frutas maduran en el otoño.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Abedules, alisos y pinos</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="802" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/237377911-1024x802.jpg" alt="A common yellowthroat in a thinleaf alder." class="wp-image-2113" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/237377911-1024x802.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/237377911-300x235.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/237377911-768x602.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/237377911.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Una mascarita común en un aliso gris.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Nuestros abedules nativos (<em>Betula</em> spp.) mantienen 211 especies de orugas. La <strong><em>Betula occidentalis</em> </strong>es un árbol pequeño que suele crecer al lado de los arroyos; la <em><strong>Betula papyrifera</strong></em> es un árbol mucho más grande. Y los abedules hacen mucho más que sólo proveer un montón de insectos. Sus troncos (como los de los álamos) son sitios populares para los nidos de las aves que anidan en cavidades, tales como los carboneros cabecinegros (<em>Poecile atricapillus</em>) o los saltaparedes comunes (<em>Troglodytes aedon</em>). (Si no quieres esperar hasta que tus árboles crezcan, el Cornell Lab of Ornithology también provee <a href="https://nestwatch.org/learn/all-about-birdhouses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">instrucciones detalladas de montaje para las cajas nido</a>). Además de los abedules, <strong>el aliso gris (<em>Alnus incana</em>)</strong>, una especie pariente, es un arbusto grande o un árbol pequeño que mantiene 196 especies de orugas.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="794" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/73020331-1024x794.jpg" alt="Red crossbills feeding on ponderosa pine cones." class="wp-image-2164" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/73020331-1024x794.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/73020331-300x233.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/73020331-768x595.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/73020331.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Unos picotuertos rojos alimentándose de una piña del pino ponderosa.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Entre los coníferos, los pinos (<em>Pinus</em> spp.) son importantes para las orugas, alojando hasta 188 especies. Cerca de Helena, la <em><strong>Pinus ponderosa</strong></em> y la <strong><em>Pinus flexilis</em> </strong>son opciones buenas. Sin embargo, recuerda que crecen para ser árboles bastante grandes. También, dependiendo de tus alrededores, podría ser que no quieras plantarlos cerca de tu casa por el riesgo de incendios.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Varas de oro, fresas y más</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="853" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/21_Solidago-gigantea15-1024x853.jpg" alt="A noctuid moth (Euxoa sp.) visiting giant goldenrod flowers." class="wp-image-2114" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/21_Solidago-gigantea15-1024x853.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/21_Solidago-gigantea15-300x250.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/21_Solidago-gigantea15-768x640.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/21_Solidago-gigantea15.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Una polilla de la familia Noctuidae (<em>Euxoa</em> sp.) visitando las flores de la vara de oro gigante.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Y ¿qué tal las plantas herbáceas? Para las orugas, la vara de oro (<em>Solidago</em> spp.) encabeza la lista, albergando 65 especies. Varas de oro comunes en Montana incluyen <em><strong>Solidago gigantea, Solidago canadensis</strong></em> y <em><strong>Solidago missouriensis</strong></em>. A menudo se culpan estas plantas por alergias al fin del verano, pero<a href="https://fmr.org/updates/conservation/goldenrod-or-ragweed-which-causes-allergies-and-which-benefits-pollinators" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"> esto es un mito</a>: típicamente los culpables son las plantas del género <em>Ambrosia</em>, que florecen a la misma vez.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="824" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/74861251-1024x824.jpg" alt="Many plants that provide insects also provide fruits or seeds. This common redpoll is foraging on a seedhead of big sagebrush, presumably eating the seeds." class="wp-image-2116" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/74861251-1024x824.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/74861251-300x242.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/74861251-768x618.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/74861251.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Varias plantas que aportan insectos también aportan frutas o semillas. Este pardillo norteño está alimentándose en una inflorescencia de artemisa (<em>Artemisia tridentata</em>), donde probablemente está comiendo las semillas.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Otras hierbas que mantienen números grandes de mariposas y polillas incluyen las nativas fresas y girasoles. Las fresas (<em><strong>Fragaria virginiana</strong></em> y <em><strong>Fragaria vesca</strong></em>) se mantienen bajas; puede ser que no compitan bien con plantas más altas y vigorosas. Los girasoles, al otro lado, son tanto altos como vigorosos. En Montana, <strong>el</strong> <strong>girasol común (</strong><em><strong>Helianthus annuus</strong></em><strong>)</strong> es una abundante planta anual que suele crecer al lado de las carreteras. También tenemos dos especies perennes comunes, <strong><em>Helianthus nuttallii</em></strong> y <strong><em>Helianthus maximiliani</em></strong>.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">También cabe mencionar los lupinos y las artemisas, que respectivamente alojan 40 y 35 especies de orugas. Algunos de los lupinos comunes en Montana son <strong><em>Lupinus argenteus</em></strong> y <strong><em>Lupinus sericeus</em></strong>. Las artemisas son muy diversas en Montana e incluyen tanto arbustos, entre ellos la <strong><em>Artemisia tridentata</em></strong> o la <strong><em>Artemisia cana</em></strong>, como hierbas, por ejemplo la <em><strong>Artemisia frigida</strong></em> o la <strong><em>Artemisia ludoviciana</em></strong>.  </p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color">Plantas nativas para proveer frutas</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70018061-1024x768.jpg" alt="A white-crowned sparrow eating red-osier dogwood fruits." class="wp-image-2117" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70018061-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70018061-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70018061-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/70018061.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Un gorrión corona blanca comiendo las frutas de <em>Cornus sericea</em>.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Ya he mencionado que el capulín mantiene una diversidad de insectos. Además de los insectos, este arbusto también provee frutas. En el otoño, el capulín es un recurso fenomenal para los chinitos, los mirlos primavera y muchas otras aves. Y además del capulín, hay una amplia variedad de otras frutas nativas que atraen las aves, desde julio hasta el invierno. Muchas de estas plantas también albergan una diversidad notable de orugas (aunque apoyan menos especies de orugas que los árboles y arbustos que ya he mencionado).</p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="838" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/63690211-1024x838.jpg" alt="A cedar waxwing feeding on golden currant fruits." class="wp-image-2138" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/63690211-1024x838.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/63690211-300x246.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/63690211-768x628.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/63690211.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Un chinito comiendo las frutas de la grosella <em>Ribes aureum.</em></figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">La <strong><em>Cornus sericea</em> </strong>ofrece manojos de pequeñas frutas blancas desde medio verano hasta el otoño. Los maulladores grises (<em>Dumetella caroliniensis</em>) y los gorriones corona blanca (<em>Zonotrichia leucophrys</em>) están entre las aves que las comen. Este arbusto de media altura también tiene un llamativo follaje otoñal de rojo oscuro.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Las grosellas nativas &#8211; tales como el <strong><em>Ribes aureum</em></strong> o el <strong><em>Ribes setosum</em></strong> &#8211; son algunas de las frutas más tempranas al madurar en el verano. Ofrecen una merienda sabrosa, tanto para las aves como para gente. <strong>El guillomo (<em>Amelanchier alnifolia</em>)</strong> es otra querida fruta veraniega para los chinitos, las pirangas capucha roja y los zorzales.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Saúcos, perlitas y más</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200921_184528038-1024x768.jpg" alt="Silver buffaloberry (Shepherdia argentea)." class="wp-image-2157" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200921_184528038-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200921_184528038-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200921_184528038-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200921_184528038.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">El arbusto <em>Shepherdia argentea</em>.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Las frutas del<strong> saúco azul (<em>Sambucus cerulea</em>)</strong> maduran en el otoño, así como las del serbal (<strong><em>Sorbus scopulina</em></strong>). Las bayas de las perlitas &#8211; <strong><em>Symphoricarpos albus</em></strong> y <strong><em>Symphoricarpos occidentalis</em></strong> &#8211; también maduran en el otoño, pero siguen siendo disponible a través del invierno. Esto es el caso también por los rosales, tales como <strong><em>Rosa woodsii</em></strong> y <strong><em>Rosa nutkana</em></strong>. El arbusto <em><strong>Shepherdia argentea</strong></em> es otra buena especie cuyas frutas a veces permanecen hasta medio invierno. Sin embargo, nota que este arbusto es grande y espinoso, y se necesita distintas hembras y machos para polinizarlo. </p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="769" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/69356431-1024x769.jpg" alt="A Townsend's solitaire feeding on Rocky Mountain juniper fruits." class="wp-image-2118" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/69356431-1024x769.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/69356431-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/69356431-768x577.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/69356431.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Un clarín norteño comiendo las frutas del enebro <em>Juniperus scopulorum</em>.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">El enebro<strong> <em>Juniperus scopulorum</em> </strong>es un arbusto de gran altura que provee &#8220;bayas&#8221; invernales (las cuales realmente son piñas carnosas) para los ampelis europeos, los clarines norteños y los mirlos primavera. Fíjate en que el enebro, así como la <em>Shepherdia argentea</em>, tiene distintas hembras y machos: vas a necesitar los dos en tu área general para que la polinización ocurra. Además, el enebro es altamente inflamable &#8211; así que probablemente sería una mala idea plantarlo en áreas con alto riesgo de incendios. Montana también tiene dos enebros de más baja altura, el <strong><em>Juniperus horizontalis</em></strong> y el <strong><em>Juniperus communis</em></strong>, que proveen opciones para espacios más pequeños.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color">Plantas nativas para proveer semillas</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="824" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/384210431-1024x824.jpg" alt="An American goldfinch feeding on late-fall seeds of common sunflower." class="wp-image-2119" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/384210431-1024x824.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/384210431-300x242.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/384210431-768x618.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/384210431.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Un jilguerito canario comiendo las semillas del girasol común en la parte tarde del otoño.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Varias aves &#8211; como los jilgueritos canarios (<em>Spinus tristis</em>), los jilgueritos pineros (<em>Spinus pinus</em>), los chingolos arbóreos (<em>Spizelloides arborea</em>) y otros gorriones &#8211; a menudo se alimentan de semillas. En el caso de los gorriones, generalmente es difícil ver exactamente lo que comen, dado que suelen alimentarse en el suelo. No obstante, algunas plantas son especialmente notables por las aves que sus semillas atraen. </p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Los girasoles en Montana &#8211; el anual <em><strong>Helianthus annuus</strong></em> y los perennes <em><strong>Helianthus nuttallii</strong></em> y <em><strong>Helianthus maximiliani</strong></em> &#8211; atraen de forma fiable los jilgueritos canario y pinero cuando sus semillas maduran en el otoño. Nuestros pinos, como la <strong><em>Pinus ponderosa</em></strong> o la <em><strong>Pinus flexilis</strong></em>, mantienen grupos errantes de aves que se especializan en las semillas coníferas, incluso el picotuerto rojo (<em>Loxia curvirostra</em>) y el cascanueces americano. <strong>El aliso gris</strong> y <strong>los abedules</strong> proveen semillas invernales que suelen alimentar los pardillos norteños (<em>Acanthis flammea</em>) y los jilgueritos pineros. Y varias otras plantas nativas, desde las asteráceas hasta las gramíneas, también producen semillas que varios pinzones y gorriones pueden usar.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color">Plantas nativas para proveer néctar</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220608_233105315-1024x768.jpg" alt="Fuzzy-tongue penstemon." class="wp-image-2120" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220608_233105315-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220608_233105315-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220608_233105315-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220608_233105315.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">La campanita <em>Penstemon eriantherus</em>.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">¿Qué tal los colibrís? Estas minúsculas y queridas aves suelen cazar insectos diminutos. Por eso, plantar el hábitat para los insectos les importa a los colibrís también. Además, son bien conocidos por su predilección por alimentarse con néctar. Varias plantas nativas con flores largas y cilíndricas son populares con los colibrís. Entre ellas están la <strong><em>Lonicera ciliosa</em></strong>, la <strong><em>Aquilegia flavescens</em></strong>, la<strong> <em>Ipomopsis aggregata</em></strong>, la<strong> <em>Monarda fistulosa</em></strong> y las campanitas (<em>Penstemon</em> spp.). Las campanitas comunes del occidente de Montana incluyen el <strong><em>Penstemon albertinus</em></strong>, el<strong> <em>Penstemon eriantherus</em></strong> y el <strong><em>Penstemon procerus</em></strong>. Además, algunas de las plantas que ya he mencionado por los insectos o las frutas &#8211; como la grosella <strong><em>Ribes aureum</em></strong> &#8211; son fuentes populares de néctar para los colibrís.&nbsp;</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color">Cómo obtener plantas</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/252690541-1024x768.jpg" alt="A black-capped chickadee foraging for insects on serviceberry." class="wp-image-2121" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/252690541-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/252690541-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/252690541-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/252690541-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/252690541-2048x1536.jpg 2048w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Un carbonero cabecinegro buscando insectos en un guillomo (<em>Amelanchier alnifolia</em>).</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">¿Dónde puedes encontrar estas plantas? Algunos viveros locales, como <a href="https://www.gardenwerks.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">GardenWerks</a> en Helena, tienen una variedad limitada de plantas nativas. Además, logré hallar tres viveros minoristas en la parte occidental o central de Montana que ofrecen una amplia variedad de plantas nativas:</p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li><strong>Blake Nursery</strong>, Big Timber, MT: <a href="https://www.blakenursery.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.blakenursery.com/</a></li>



<li><strong>Center for Native Plants</strong>, Whitefish, MT: <a href="https://centerfornativeplants.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://centerfornativeplants.com/</a></li>



<li><strong>Pipilo Native Plants</strong>, Charlo, MT: <a href="https://www.pipilonatives.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.pipilonatives.com/</a></li>
</ul>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">(Un cuarto vivero, Southwest Montana Native Landscapes, lamentablemente ha cerrado, aunque todavía parece en una búsqueda de Google.)</p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="777" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/59362881-1024x777.jpg" alt="A Bullock's oriole in a black cottonwood." class="wp-image-2122" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/59362881-1024x777.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/59362881-300x228.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/59362881-768x582.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/59362881.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Una calandria cejas naranjas en un álamo negro.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Para aprender más, me puse en contacto con estos viveros y les pregunté cuáles plantas tienen, de las que he mencionado en este artículo. <a href="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Native-plants-for-birds.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Encuentra sus respuestas aquí.</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Además de estos viveros minoristas, hay unas fuentes comerciales adicionales para plantas nativas en el occidente de Montana. Para proyectos grandes, el <a href="https://dnrc.mt.gov/Forestry/Conservation-Nursery/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Montana Conservation Seedling Nursery</a> y <a href="https://www.greatbearnativeplants.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Great Bear Native Plants</a> aceptan pedidos mayoristas. Y si quieres germinar tus propias semillas, <a href="https://nativeideals.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Native Ideals</a> vende semillas localmente cultivadas por una variedad de especies nativas a Montana. </p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200926_181848814-1024x768.jpg" alt="American plum." class="wp-image-2160" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200926_181848814-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200926_181848814-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200926_181848814-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200926_181848814.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Una ciruela americana (<em>Prunus americana</em>).</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Fíjate en que algunos viveros que no se especializan en plantas nativas a veces &#8220;extenden&#8221; el concepto de &#8220;nativo&#8221; para incluir especies que no son realmente nativas a Montana. Por ejemplo, a veces se vende <em>Penstemon strictus</em> como una planta nativa, pero esta especie existe en estado salvaje sólo en el sur de las Montañas Rocosas y no llega a Montana. Si hay alguna duda sobre una especie, búscala en el <a href="https://fieldguide.mt.gov/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Montana Field Guide</a> del Montana Natural Heritage Program para aprender más sobre su situación en el estado, o revisa <a href="http://bonap.net/NAPA/Genus/Traditional/County" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">los mapas al nivel del condado</a> presentados por el Biota of North America Program. Estos mapas se organizan por el género de planta y muestran la extensión, al nivel del condado, en la que reside cada planta salvaje o naturalizada en los Estados Unidos.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color">El jardín para las aves</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="874" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/238615571-1024x874.jpg" alt="An American redstart in an aspen." class="wp-image-2123" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/238615571-1024x874.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/238615571-300x256.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/238615571-768x655.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/238615571.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Un pavito migratorio en un álamo temblón.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">¿Es esto una lista completa de todas las plantas que serían importantes para cultivar un jardín para las aves en Montana? ¡Claro que no! No he mencionado los arces nativos (<em>Acer</em> spp.), ni las frambuesas (<em>Rubus </em>spp.), ni los espinos (<em>Crataegus </em>spp.) ni muchos otros.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Si queremos cultivar un buen hábitat para las aves, siempre habrá más plantas que podemos añadir. Pero aun si no hicieras nada más que plantar un parche de capulines y unas varas de oro donde antes sólo había un césped cortado, habrás empezado bien. Mientras los capulines abran sus hojas en la primavera, espera hasta que los chipes rabadilla amarilla aparezcan, cazando insectos. Cuando las frutas maduren en el otoño, busca las bandadas de chinitos y mirlos primavera. Y si tienes espacio en tu jardín para incluir todas las plantas que he mencionado acá&#8230; en pocos años, tu jardín será un paraíso para las aves.</p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph"><em>Esta historia fue producida con apoyo de la <a href="https://goldcountrymg.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Gold Country Master Gardener Association</a>.</em></p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color">Leer más</h3>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="869" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/158204741-1024x869.jpg" alt="A yellow-rumped warbler in a willow." class="wp-image-2126" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/158204741-1024x869.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/158204741-300x255.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/158204741-768x652.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/158204741.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Un chipe rabadilla amarilla en un sauce.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Acopian Bird Savers: prevent birds from flying into windows. Recuperado de <a href="https://www.birdsavers.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.birdsavers.com/</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">American Bird Conservancy. (2013, el 29 de enero). Outdoor cats: single greatest source of human-caused mortality for birds and mammals, says new study. Recuperado de  <a href="https://abcbirds.org/news/outdoor-cats-single-greatest-source-of-human-caused-mortality-for-birds-and-mammals-says-new-study/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://abcbirds.org/news/outdoor-cats-single-greatest-source-of-human-caused-mortality-for-birds-and-mammals-says-new-study/</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Biota of North America Program. (2014). BONAP’s North American Plant Atlas (NAPA). Recuperado de <a href="http://bonap.net/NAPA/Genus/Traditional/County" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://bonap.net/NAPA/Genus/Traditional/County</a></p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200910_131503868-1024x768.jpg" alt="Wetland habitat: a beaver dam with common cattail (Typha latifolia) and sandbar willow." class="wp-image-2161" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200910_131503868-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200910_131503868-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200910_131503868-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_20200910_131503868.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">El hábitat del humedal: una represa del castor con totoras (<em>Typha latifolia</em>) y sauces de hojas angostas. Esta área mantiene a tordos sargentos, agachonas norteamericanas, gorriones cantores, mascaritas comunes y más.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Center for Native Plants. (sin fecha). Our most bird friendly species. Recuperado de <a href="https://centerfornativeplants.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/cnp_plantselection_birds-1.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://centerfornativeplants.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/cnp_plantselection_birds-1.pdf</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Cornell Lab of Ornithology. (2016, el 5 de diciembre). FAQ: Outdoor cats and their effects on birds. Recuperado de <a href="https://www.allaboutbirds.org/news/faq-outdoor-cats-and-their-effects-on-birds/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.allaboutbirds.org/news/faq-outdoor-cats-and-their-effects-on-birds/</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Cornell Lab of Ornithology. (2023). All about birdhouses. Recuperado de <a href="https://nestwatch.org/learn/all-about-birdhouses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://nestwatch.org/learn/all-about-birdhouses/</a></p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><a href="http://wildwithnature.com/2022/06/10/life-at-plant-speed/"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="722" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220608_235306800.MP_-1024x722.jpg" alt="Native grassland habitats can host extremely diverse plant communities. This rocky hilltop community includes cutleaf daisy (Erigeron compositus), Sandberg bluegrass (Poa secunda), white-margined phlox (Phlox albomarginata), and stemless goldenweed (Stenotus acaulis)." class="wp-image-2162" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220608_235306800.MP_-1024x722.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220608_235306800.MP_-300x212.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220608_235306800.MP_-768x541.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/PXL_20220608_235306800.MP_.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Los hábitats de praderas nativas pueden mantener a comunidades vegetales extremadamente diversas. En <a href="http://wildwithnature.com/2022/06/10/life-at-plant-speed/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">esta comunidad rocosa en la cima de una colina</a>, se puede ver las especies <em>Erigeron compositus, Poa secunda, Phlox albomarginata</em> y<em> Stenotus acaulis</em>. En el occidente de Montana, aves comunes que anidan en praderas incluyen praderos del oeste y gorriones cola blanca. Una pradera del tamaño de un jardín no atraerá a estas aves a menos que vivas dentro de un parche más grande de llanura. Sin embargo, es probable que gorriones cejas blancas, jilgueritos canarios y otros vayan a aparecer para alimentarse de semillas e insectos.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Cornell Lab of Ornithology. (2023, el 24 de febrero). Why birds hits windows &#8211; and how you can help prevent it. Recuperado de <a href="https://www.allaboutbirds.org/news/why-birds-hit-windows-and-how-you-can-help-prevent-it/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.allaboutbirds.org/news/why-birds-hit-windows-and-how-you-can-help-prevent-it/</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Friends of the Mississippi River. (2022). Goldenrod or ragweed: which causes allergies and which benefits pollinators? Recuperado de <a href="https://fmr.org/updates/conservation/goldenrod-or-ragweed-which-causes-allergies-and-which-benefits-pollinators" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://fmr.org/updates/conservation/goldenrod-or-ragweed-which-causes-allergies-and-which-benefits-pollinators</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Loss, S.R., Will, T., Loss, S.S., &amp; Marra, P.P. (2014). Bird-building collisions in the United States: estimates of annual mortality and species vulnerability. <em>The Condor</em> 116(1):8-23. Recuperado de <a href="https://bioone.org/journals/the-condor/volume-116/issue-1/CONDOR-13-090.1/Birdbuilding-collisions-in-the-United-States--Estimates-of-annual/10.1650/CONDOR-13-090.1.full" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://bioone.org/journals/the-condor/volume-116/issue-1/CONDOR-13-090.1/Birdbuilding-collisions-in-the-United-States&#8211;Estimates-of-annual/10.1650/CONDOR-13-090.1.full</a></p>


<div class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<figure class="alignright size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="768" src="http://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/S36769226_Riparian-1024x768.jpg" alt="Native shrub thickets such as this one host an incredible diversity of birds. This thicket includes red-osier dogwood, western snowberry, and thinleaf alder. Common summer birds here include yellow warblers, gray catbirds, cedar waxwings, and song sparrows." class="wp-image-2163" style="width:500px" srcset="https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/S36769226_Riparian-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/S36769226_Riparian-300x225.jpg 300w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/S36769226_Riparian-768x576.jpg 768w, https://wildwithnature.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/S36769226_Riparian.jpg 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Matorrales de arbustos nativos &#8211; como este matorral &#8211; mantienen una diversidad increíble de aves. Este matorral incluye las especies <em>Cornus sericea, Symphoricarpos occidentalis</em> y <em>Alnus incana</em>. En el verano, es común encontrar a chipes amarillos, maulladores grises, chinitos y gorriones cantores acá.</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Montana Natural Heritage Program. (sin fecha). Montana Field Guide. Montana State Library. Recuperado de <a href="https://fieldguide.mt.gov/default.aspx" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://fieldguide.mt.gov/default.aspx</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Narango, D.L., Tallamy, D.W., &amp; Shropshire, K.J. (2020). Few keystone plant genera support the majority of Lepidoptera species. <em>Nature Communications</em> 11:5751. Recuperado de <a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/345818119_Few_keystone_plant_genera_support_the_majority_of_Lepidoptera_species" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.researchgate.net/publication/345818119_Few_keystone_plant_genera_support_the_majority_of_Lepidoptera_species</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">National Wildlife Federation. (2023). Native plants (by zip code). Recuperado de <a href="https://www.nwf.org/NativePlantFinder/Plants" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.nwf.org/NativePlantFinder/Plants</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Rosenberg, K.V., Dokter, A.M., Blancher, P.J., Sauer, J.R., Smith, A.C., Smith, P.A., … Marra, P.P. (2019). Decline of the North American avifauna. <em>Science </em>366:120-124. Recuperado de <a href="https://www.birds.cornell.edu/home/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/DECLINE-OF-NORTH-AMERICAN-AVIFAUNA-SCIENCE-2019.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.birds.cornell.edu/home/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/DECLINE-OF-NORTH-AMERICAN-AVIFAUNA-SCIENCE-2019.pdf</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Sánchez-Bayo, F. &amp; Wyckhuys, K.A.G. (2019). Worldwide decline of the entomofauna: a review of its drivers. <em>Biological Conservation</em> 232: 8-27. Recuperado de <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0006320718313636" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0006320718313636</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Smallwood, J.A. &amp; Bird, D.M. (2020). American kestrel (<em>Falco sparverius</em>), versión 1.0. <em>En</em> Birds of the World (A.F. Poole &amp; F.B. Gill, editores). Ithaca, NY: Cornell Lab of Ornithology. Recuperado de <a href="https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/amekes/cur/introduction" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/amekes/cur/introduction</a></p>



<p class="has-black-color has-text-color wp-block-paragraph">Tallamy, D.W. (2019). <em>Nature’s best hope: a new approach to conservation that starts in your yard.</em> Portland, OR: Timber Press.</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://wildwithnature.com/2023/03/24/montana-plantas-nativas-para-aves/">Cómo cultivar un jardín para las aves en el occidente de Montana</a> appeared first on <a href="https://wildwithnature.com">Wild With Nature</a>.</p>
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